scholarly journals POLYSEMY OF RUSSIAN ADJECTIVES IN THE COGNITIVE ASPECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
MA LIPING ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Cognitive Effect ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
Original Domain ◽  
Semantic Transfer ◽  
The Russian Language

Russian polysemous adjectives is one of the important issues in the study of the lexical semantics of the Russian language. Its essence lies in the methods of understanding the semantic content of adjectives and establishing internal connections between their meanings. Cognitive metaphor as a key working mechanism can clearly explain the phenomenon of Russian adjectives polysemy. This study uses the theory of cognitive metaphor that contains many working mechanisms affecting the change in the lexical semantics of adjectives. Among them, semantic transfer between cognitive domains is one of the most typical and active mechanisms. The present study is based on two original cognitive domains: the domain of space and the domain of physical perception. Under the cognitive effect of transferring from the original domain to other domains, adjectives acquire different meanings. This research focuses upon Russian polysemous spatial adjectives and adjectives of physical perception...

Lexical Semantics of Russian Verbs and Their Function of Action Fixation Using Perfect Forms

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Russian Language

This article describes the connection between perfect verb forms and the typical lexical meanings of generating imperfectives using the example of a prefix model in the Russian language. The research is based on a fundamentally new approach, i.e. the means of “fixing” action in the objective time. The relevance of combining the action and the situational background to the lexical-semantic groups of verbs is established. In the course of the research, the materials of the Bolshoi Akademichescky Slovar (Big Academic Dictionary) were used.

scholarly journals Ways of mastering the grammatical structure of the Russian language interjections at the lessons with foreign students

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
G.B. Baimurzaeva ◽  
Y.S. Boronenkova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Effective Teaching ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Teaching Techniques ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
The Russian Language

Acknowledgement of the fact that interjections of the modern Russian language can be related to the least studied word class because of the inhomogeneity of their sound form, grammatical structure and semantic content leads to the change of research paradigms in applied linguodidactics. The aim of the article is to show the importance of studying the problems of mastering the grammatical structure of interjections in the framework of teaching Russian as a foreign language, to bring out and describe some effective teaching techniques, which make it possible for foreign students to choose interjections and use them correctly in their own speech.

scholarly journals Reliance on invariant grammatical content when teaching the Russian language to foreign students.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Innaiat Ali Mukhammad ◽  
Irina Mikhailovna Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Pedagogical Strategy ◽  
Intermediate Language ◽  
Standard Text ◽  
Indian Students ◽  
The Russian Language

Annotation The article is devoted to the pedagogical strategy of modeling the educational process of foreign students based on the invariant content of contacting languages: studied - Russian and native - Urdu, taking into account the structures of the intermediate language (English). As the material of the study, the grammatical category of the verb type included in the standard text is considered, producing certain invariant meanings (invariant semantic content). The aim of the work is to model the pedagogical strategy of teaching the Russian language to Pakistani and Indian students at level A0 - A2, based on universal semantic content. The novelty of the search is the creation of a nationally oriented pedagogical strategy based on invariant (universal) units of contact languages.

Semantics of the Lexeme khram in Language and Text (Based on Russian Orthodox Sermons)

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Karina S. Khosrovyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
The Russian Language

This article scrutinizes the semantic structure of the lexeme khram (‘church’) in the Russian language. The paper is relevant due to the need to describe and analyse key lexemes in the Russian linguistic worldview. A special place among such units is occupied by religious words, including khram. Russian linguists’ turning to religious vocabulary elucidates the value of these words, which for a long time had been banned for well-known reasons. Currently, religious vocabulary is studied in different aspects: the history of individual words; the development of the semantics of specific lexemes and their functioning in various texts; the linguistic and cultural features of using religiously marked language units; religious concepts playing an important role in shaping the linguistic worldview, etc. In this paper, using the descriptive method and the comparative analysis of lexicographic sources and texts of sermons, the author characterized some peculiarities of the semantics of khram. The research showed that this word’s semantics is not confined to the meanings found in dictionary entries, which are clear and comprehensible to all members of a certain speech community. Noteworthy, linguoculturological information is not included in dictionary definitions. At the same time, a word belonging to the religious sphere is connected with a whole range of religious and cultural meanings. By studying the functioning of the lexeme khram in the texts we can trace the changes in its meanings and semantic content.

scholarly journals From the Borderland of the Lithuanian Southern Aukštaitians: Changes in the Syntactic Constructions

Kalbotyra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Nijolė Tuomienė
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Local Variant ◽  
Peripheral Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Russian Language

The dialectological and sociolinguistic material from the Southern Aukštaitian borderland is under the investigation in this article. The most recent records of the speaker of the Lithuanian Southern Aukštaitian in Šalčininkai district are analyzed in order to study the changes in the syntax. The peripheral area of the Southern Aukštaitian located in Šalčininkai district is surrounded or, speaking more precisely, in contact with languages other than Lithuanian, i. e. Belarusian and Polish, and relatively recently with the Russian language as well. The purpose of this article is to reveal the process of interception and convergence of syntactic compounds in the Lithuanian dialect of Šalčininkai district. The paper is based on ideas by Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) on this topic.Because of continuous language contact a lot of variants in the present Lithuanian dialect of Šalčininkai region have developed. For example, very frequently the prepositions ant ‘on’, dėl ‘for’, į ‘to’, po ‘after’ used in combination with case tend to acquire more specific meanings. A lot of them become analogous to those found in the neighbouring Slavic languages and thus are often alien for Lithuanian. The impact of standard Lithuanian cannot be totally disregarded either.The Lithuanian and Slavic languages are in active contact in these neighbourhoods, that is’ why they tend to develop the same patterns and constructions. In many cases the local Belarusian dialect, known as the poprostu (‘plain language’ – a local variant of the Belarusian northwestern dialect), plays a stimulating role here. Relatively recently all three contact languages, i.e. Lithuanian, Belarusian and Polish, have acquired numerous lexical and grammatical borrowings in the dialects of Šalčininkai neighborhoods. This is one of the conditions for accelerating the incorporation and adoption of alien syntactic patterns in the Lithuanian language.In intense contact, borrowing is not limited to several different patterns because syntactic rules could be adopted as well. Surely, the archaic constructions could acquire entirely new semantic content. The prepositional phrases have been adopted and used not instead of pure cases, but rather alongside with them.

scholarly journals Dynamic Processes in the Russian Language of the Coronavirus Era

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Elena I. Golovanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
Working Distance ◽  
The Russian Language

This article considers the active processes occurring in the Russian language during the coronavirus pandemic. Specific changes in the vocabulary are described, new phenomena in lexical semantics in various spheres of communication are identified. Primary attention is given to the changes in the active vocabulary of the literary language, the sources of new words, and the assimilation of foreign borrowings that are highly relevant for communication in this period. According to the author, the most important processes taking place in the Russian language include intellectualization of the common literary language, i.e. the introduction of highly specialized terms of medicine, virology, and immunotherapy (saturation, contagiousness, antibodies, etc.); activation of a number of words due to the current events (regime, quarantine, vaccine, etc.) and expansion of their collocations; active derivational processes in the course of assimilation of loan words (covid, coronavirus, pandemic, etc.) and adaptation of existing words to the new reality (remote working, distance learning, etc.); actualization of individual lexical and grammatical categories of words (substantivized adjectives and nouns ending in -tion); dynamic processes in lexical semantics (semantic neologisms, enantiosemy); formation of multicomponent synonym sets and variants of nomination (covid, coronavirus, new coronavirus infection, etc.); widespread use of figurative names (red zone, peak in morbidity, immune response, viral load, second wave, etc.). Concrete examples show that the new reality has expanded the range of social practices, whose language reflects the values and pragmatic attitudes characteristic of the current moment.

scholarly journals The category of animacy-inanimacy in the Russian language and the linguistic worldview

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 11025
Author(s):  
Andrei Narushevich ◽  
Hadi Bak
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Russian Language

The main goal main goal of our study is to give a description of a segment of the linguistic worldview, which reflects the division of objects of objective reality into animate and inanimate, which underpins the grammatical category of animacy-inanimacy of nouns in Russian. Methodology. The methodological basis of is study is comprised of the combination of structural-semantic, cultural-anthropological and comparative methods. The interpretation of linguistic phenomena is based upon the link between the grammatical form and its semantic content. The employment of cultural-anthropological approach allows us to reveal the reflection of fragments of the linguistic worldview in language forms, a reflection of collective ideas about the surrounding reality fixed in the language and obligatory for all speakers of this language. An analysis of everyday ideas about various objects of reality that are interpreted as living or inanimate, allows us to discover, at the epistemological level, several intermediate conceptual forms (interpreted as resembling the animate, as formerly animate, as a set of living organisms, etc.).This makes it possible to explain the existence of nouns with fluctuating animacy-inanimacy. Results. The performed analysis leads us to the conclusion that in the linguistic consciousness of speakers, the classification of objects as animate/inanimate is carried out not onlyon the basis of the biological properties of these objects, but also basedontheir interpretationbyspeakersas active or inactive. At the same time, ourinterpretationof some objects may cause difficulties because they combine the characteristics of both “animate” and “inanimate”.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE IN SOCIETY, CONSCIOUSNESS AND LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9.1 (85.1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Tukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Abuse ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Language System ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Russian Language

The aim of the article is to retrace the causes responsible for the development of denominations of psychological abuse in the Russian language, and to describe the peculiarities of their implementation into the language system. The concept of isomorphism of the fundamental structure of the world, as well as human mind and natural language, is confirmed on the basis of the material of сustomary functioning of the denominations of psychological abuse. Contemporary customary usage reflects the phenomena of psychological and emotional pressure on a person, which have lately spread in the living space. The media sphere has become one of the important sources of observation of evolutionary processes in language during recent decades. The media provide numerous examples of the functioning of new words that are not recorded even by the most modern dictionaries, including electronic ones. Emerging lexical tokens either fill in the gaps of particular area of modern Russian that serves the psychological discourse, or can be applied to clarify new or updated concepts. Social awareness of the indiscriminate character of psychological abuse has triggered new legislation aimed to protect against these forms of violence. The penetration of the borrowed terms from psychological sphere into modern language is determined both by extralinguistic and intralinguistic reasons, such as dehumanization of society, globalization; tendencies to the semantic accuracy of utterance, speech-saving efforts, etc. A steep increase in the frequency of use of the borrowed psychological terms in the media discourse accelerates the process of their adaptation in the contemporary Russian language. The removal of ideological marking of existing in the language lexical units, the clarification of semantic content of terms, various types of borrowing, naming forms of latent violence common in the globalized world, the attachment of actual lexemes to taxonomic relations innate to language system, demonstrate the aptitude of the Russian language for plasticity. The problem outlined is multifaceted, interdisciplinary and needs further elaboration.

scholarly journals Secondary Somatic Nominations in Media Texts Covering Economy, Business and Politics Spheres

2022 ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Zhura ◽  
Yuliya Rudova ◽  
Yelena Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Language Game ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Business And Politics ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Russian Language

The article set out to reveal the specific features of secondary somatic nominations in media texts in the spheres of economy, business, and politics. The significance of the problem under study is implied by a need for elucidating the evolution of language consciousness by shedding light on how corporeal lexis in the Russian language is involved in verbalization of reality in the spheres in question. The study demonstrated that secondary somatic nominations evolve due to transformation of the meaning of a linguistic unit, whose primary meaning is associated with various aspects of the human body existence. This transformation of the meaning seems to be a common way of denotating reality in the texts under investigation. We specified the sources of somatic expansion, whose semantic content is most frequently redefined in the thematic fields in question. We also identified the denotation areas (conceptual fields) where corporeal lexis is used in their secondary meanings. Our research demonstrated considerable pragmatic potential of the texts including somatic linguistic units. We established that their evaluative content results from axiological connotations associated with various corporeal concepts in the Russian linguoculture. Their expressiveness is achieved due to imagery created by unusual contextualization of somatic linguistic units. The results of the current study made it possible to establish the ways of transforming the meanings of somatic linguistic units in the investigated spheres in the Russian language. Transformation of the meanings of somatic lexis occurs by using metaphors, metonymy, similes, irony, epithets, oxymoron, gradation, language game, etc.

THE CONCEPTS “CONSCIENCE” AND “SHAME” IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
A.N. Mantsaeva ◽  
◽  
A.A. Chukuev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the concepts of “conscience” and “shame” in Russian as a whole. The selection of these concepts as an object of investigation consists in their significance, for they contain, close to us, meanings coexisting with the picture of the nation's world. The semantic content of the concepts “conscience” and “shame” was scrutinized through the prism of Russian sayings and proverbs, an analysis was made of the compatibility of the keyword and its associative relations.

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