scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Moringa Seed Oil Nanoemulsion Gel

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita Tirmiara ◽  
Julia Reveny ◽  
Jansen Silalahi

Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the moringa seed oil (MSO) nanoemulsion gel using high-energy emulsification method. Methods: Nanoemulsion gel formulated by high-energy emulsification method using the comparison of surfactant (tween 80) and cosurfactant (sorbitol) concentration with the variation of moringa seed oil concentration. Evaluation of the stability of the nanoemulsion gel preparation includes centrifugation test, viscosity, pH, organoleptic observation (odor, color, clarity, and phase separation), and particle size measurement during 12 weeks storage at room temperature. Results: The results showed that all nanoemulsion gel preparations are transparent yellow, characteristic odor, type weights 1.0888–1.1193 g/ml, and stable for 12 weeks storage at room temperature. The smallest particle size produced by the nanoemulsion gel preparation in a formula of the concentration of 5%, which 52.25 nm. Conclusions: Moringa seed oil can be formulated as a nanoemulsion gel by high energy emulsification method. MSO  with a 5% concentration was very stable for 12 weeks storage.    

Author(s):  
Febia Sari ◽  
Kasmirul Ramlan Sinaga ◽  
Donald Siahaan

Objective: The objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate the red palm olein (RPO) nanoemulsion using spontaneous emulsification method.Methods: Nanoemulsion formulated by spontaneous emulsification method using the comparison of surfactant (tween 80) and cosurfactant (sorbitol) concentration with the variation of RPO concentration. Evaluation of the stability of the nanoemulsion preparation includes centrifugation test, viscosity, pH, organoleptic observation (odor, color, clarity, and phase separation), and particle size measurement during 12 weeks storage at room temperature.Result: The results showed that all nanoemulsion preparations were transparent yellow, characteristic odor, type weights 1.0166–1.0641 g/ml, and stable for 12 weeks storage at room temperature. The smallest particle size was produced by the nanoemulsion preparation in a formula of the concentration of 5%, which was 67, 64 nm.Conclusion: RPO can be formulated as a nanoemulsion by spontaneous emulsification method. RPO with a 5% concentration is very stable for 12 weeks storage.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Mentari Mayang Suminar ◽  
Mahdi Jufri

Objective: Tocotrienols have an antioxidant potential higher than that of tocopherols. Nanoemulsion gel can deliver tocotrienols into the skin toprevent skin damage caused by free radicals and improve the stability of the dosage form. The present study aimed to determine the physical stabilityand antioxidant activity of a nanoemulsion gel formulation containing tocotrienol.Methods: The tocotrienol nanoemulsion was made using tocotrienols, oleic acid, Tween 80, 96% ethanol, and propylene glycol. The gel base was madeusing a carbomer and triethanolamine. A physical stability test was conducted at three different temperatures, namely, low temperature (4±2°C),room temperature (27±2°C), and high temperature (40±2°C). The antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl methodfor determining inhibitory concentration (IC50) values.Results: Formula 1 demonstrated the best physical stability, with a pH of 6.2. The droplet size of the tocotrienol nanoemulsion gel was 596 nm, witha zeta potential value of −27.1 nm. The IC50 of the tocotrienol nanoemulsion gel was 6252.14 ppm.Conclusion: The nanoemulsion gel formulation retained antioxidant activity and was physically stable for 8 weeks.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 099-105
Author(s):  
Nita Tirmiara ◽  
Anayanti Arianto ◽  
Hakim Bangun

Vitamin E merupakan salah satu bahan yang dapat melindungi kulit dari berbagai kerusakan kulit yang disebabkan radikal bebas seperti kulit menjadi kering dan berkeriput yang dapat menyebabkan penuaan dini. Bentuk sediaan nanoemulsi gel sangat bermanfaat digunakan sebagai anti-aging kulit karena memiliki kestabilan yang tinggi dengan ukuran partikel yang kecil dan penetrasi dari bahan aktif ke kulit yang lebih mudah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan vitamin E dalam sediaan nanoemulsi gel dan mengevaluasi aktivitas anti-aging kulit dari sediaan. Nanoemulsi gel diformulasi dalam 3 formula yaitu F1, F2 dan F3 dengan variasi jumlah vitamin E (1%, 3%, dan 5%), sebagai fase minyak adalah minyak zaitun, Tween 80 sebagai surfaktan dan sorbitol sebagai ko-surfaktan dengan basis gel karbopol 940. Evaluasi stabilitas sediaan nanoemulsi gel meliputi uji sentrifugasi, homogenitas, pengukuran viskositas, pH, pengamatan organoleptis dan pengukuran ukuran partikel dan evaluasi aktivitas anti-aging sediaan nanoemulsi gell dari formula terpilih, Semua formula nanoemulsi gel berwarna kuning transparan, stabil selama penyimpanan 12 minggu pada suhu kamar dan formula F3 menunjukkan ukuran partikel yang paling kecil yaitu 129,90 nm dan 492,93 nm setelah penyimpanan 12 minggu pada suhu kamar dan tetap stabil, sedangkan emulsi gel terjadi pemisahan fase (tidak stabil). Hasil aktivitas anti-aging sediaan nanoemulsi gel lebih baik dibandingkan sediaan emulsi gel dalam hal peningkatan kadar air, pengecilan pori, pengurangan noda dan jumlah keriput pada kulit. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah sediaan nanoemulsi gel vitamin E lebih stabil dan memiliki aktivitas anti-aging yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sediaan emulsi gel.   Vitamin E is acompound that can protect the skin from various skin damage caused by free radicals such as dry and wrinkled skin which can cause premature aging. Nanoemulsion gel dosage form is very useful to be used as anti-aging skin because it has high stability with small particle size and easier penetration of active ingredients to the skin.This study aimed to formulate vitamin E in nanoemulsion  geldosage form and evaluate its skin anti-aging activity. Nanoemulsion gel was formulated in 3 formulas namely F1, F2 and F3 with various amount of vitamin E (1%, 3% and 5%), as oil phase was olive oil, Tween 80 as surfactant and sorbitol as co-surfactant with carbopol gel base 940.The stability evaluation of nanoemulsion gel dosage form included centrifugation, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, organoleptic observation and particle size measurement and evaluation of anti-aging activity of nanoemulsion gel from selected formulas, all transparent nanoemulsion gel formulas were yellow in colour, stable for 12 weeks storage at temperature rooms and F3 formulas showed the smallest particle size of 129.90 nm and 492.93 nm after 12 weeks of storage at room temperature and remain stable, while the  emulsion gel was separated (unstable).The results showed that anti-aging activity of nanoemulsion gel were better than emulsiongel in terms of increased moisture content, pore reduction, reduction of stains and the amount of wrinkles on the skin. It can be concluded that that the vitamin E nanoemulsion gel is more stable and has better anti-aging activity compared to the emulsion gel.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Pooja . ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Viswanath Agrahari

Background: The aim of this study is to develop a liquid self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system for alverine (liquid-SNEDDS).Excipients in the alverine SNEDDS include Ethyl oleate as the oil phase, Tween 80 as a surfactant, and PEG600, Propylene glycol as a cosurfactant.The prepared eleven formulations of alverine SNEDDS were performed for emulsification time, percentage transmittance, particle size, drug release, in vitro dissolution and stability studies.The optimised alverine liquid SNEDDS formulation (D1) was studied for drug-excipient compatibility using infrared spectroscopy, as well as particle size, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and stability. Alverine SNEDDS have a spherical shape with uniform particle distribution, according to their morphology. D1's optimised formulation's drug release percentage (96.6). The stability data revealed no discernible changes in drug content, emulsifying properties, drug release, or appearance. As a result, a potential SNEDDS formulation of alverine with improved solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability was developed.


Computation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Konstantin P. Katin ◽  
Valeriy B. Merinov ◽  
Alexey I. Kochaev ◽  
Savas Kaya ◽  
Mikhail M. Maslov

We combined ab initio molecular dynamics with the intrinsic reaction coordinate in order to investigate the mechanisms of stability and pyrolysis of N4 ÷ N120 fullerene-like nitrogen cages. The stability of the cages was evaluated in terms of the activation barriers and the activation Gibbs energies of their thermal-induced breaking. We found that binding energies, bond lengths, and quantum-mechanical descriptors failed to predict the stability of the cages. However, we derived a simple topological rule that adjacent hexagons on the cage surface resulted in its instability. For this reason, the number of stable nitrogen cages is significantly restricted in comparison with their carbon counterparts. As a rule, smaller clusters are more stable, whereas the earlier proposed large cages collapse at room temperature. The most stable all-nitrogen cages are the N4 and N6 clusters, which can form the van der Waals crystals with densities of 1.23 and 1.36 g/cm3, respectively. The examination of their band structures and densities of electronic states shows that they are both insulators. Their power and sensitivity are not inferior to the modern advanced high-energy nanosystems.


Author(s):  
ASHWINI JADHAV ◽  
BINOY VARGHESE CHERIYAN

Objective: The main aim of this study to formulate a nifedipine-loaded nanocarrier for improving solubility and bioavailability. Methods: To improve the solubility of drug, nifedipine-loaded nanocarrier (lipotomes) were prepared by using the film lipid hydration technique. lipotomes were prepared by using tween 80, which is used for increasing solubility and cetyl alcohol for lipophilic environment. Drug excipients interaction determined by FTIR. lipotomes were characterized for particle size, Entrapment efficiency and zeta potential. lipotomes were optimized by using Design-Expert 12 software. Optimized formula further lyophilized by using different cyroproyectant to improve the stability and oral administration of the drug. Results: FTIR shows there was no interaction between formulation ingredients. Mean particle size, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential was determined and found to be 308.1 nm, 96.7%, 20.1mV, respectively. Surface morphology of lipotomes was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Optimized lipotomes was lyophilized with Mannitol (8% w/v) was the ideal cryoprotectant to retain the physicochemical characteristics of the OLT formulation after lyophilization. Conclusion: Nifedipine loaded nanocarrier was successfully prepared, using film hydration method. Which have good particle size, EE% and zeta potential. After lyophilization no significant changes was observed in particle size with good physical stability, so it could be a good choice for conventional drug delivery system by doing further investigation as in vitro and in vivo study


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianjie Zhang ◽  
Yubo Qin ◽  
Guolan Duan ◽  
Wenhua Ou ◽  
Yaping Wang ◽  
...  

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the preparation process and composition on the microstructure of the O/W primary emulsions and the corresponding impact on the formation of oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) multiple emulsions. Objectives: Multiple emulsions were prepared by a two-step emulsification method and the microstructure was characterized by the microscope. Methods: The primary emulsion was prepared by four kinds of preparation methods, which including both high-energy and low-energy emulsification, and then the primary emulsion was re-emulsified by stirring in the outer phase. Result: Through the theoretical investigation and the corresponding verification experiments of the interfacial film, the geometric reason for that the O/W/O multiple emulsion was relatively difficult to prepare has been found. The microstructure of O/W particles was more obvious, and the particle size were smaller with the increase of the hydrophilic emulsifier amount which was beneficial to the formation and stability of O/W/O structures. However, the excess emulsifier existed in the water phase could interfere the stability of the W/O interface. Moreover, the viscosity of inner oil phase had a large influence on the formation of O/W/O emulsion by affecting the particle size of the primary emulsion and the dynamic equilibrium between the inner and outer oil phase. Conclusion: It can be concluded that fine multiple emulsions formed when the particle size of the primary emulsion was moderate since the large particles would breaking through the outer interface membrane and small particles would combining with the outer oil phase due to the Ostwald ripening.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 370-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Lachman ◽  
Alena Hejtmánková ◽  
Zora Kotíková ◽  
Martin Dědina ◽  
Radomíra Střalková ◽  
...  

For the experiment three different storage conditions were chosen: storage at room temperature of 22 °C in the light and in the dark and in the dark in a refrigerator at 4 °C. Parameters monitored were: peroxide value and changes in the content of α-, γ-and δ-tocotrienols and α - and γ-tocopherols during storage for 210 days (30 weeks). The peroxide value is an indicator of the content of primary oxidation products of oils. From analytical analyses results that the greatest destruction of grape oil occurs during storage at room temperature and access of light, where a peroxide value increased up to 484 meq. O2/kg oil). The least intrusive method of storage was in terms of temperature refrigerator (4 °C) in the dark, when during 30 days of storage peroxide value had risen only to 71.9 meq. O2/kg oil. Between these values ​​were values stored at room temperature in the dark (after 30 weeks storage 196 meq. O2/kg oil). From these parameters is clearly showed that to the stability of oil contribute significantly both factors - temperature and light conditions. The same trend was also found in tocotrienols. At room temperature and access of light was complete decomposition of α-tocotrienol in the 9th week of storage, γ-tocotrienol at 30 weeks of storage and δ-tocotrienol in the 18th week of storage. The most stable seems γ-tocotrienol > δ-tocotrienol > α-tocotrienol. When stored in the refrigerator in the dark, there was practically no decomposition of α-, γ-and δ-tocotrienols whose contents remained completely unchanged.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 3757-3761
Author(s):  
Anayanti Arianto ◽  
Cindy Cindy

BACKGROUND: There are a lot of different types of sunscreen products (oils, sticks, gels, creams, lotions) which can be found on the world's market. Sunscreen product that contains active chemical ingredients sometimes has harmful effects on the skin. Sunflower oil contains vitamin E and acts as a natural sunscreen which can absorb UVB light. The average droplet size of nanoemulsion is between 100 and 500 nm and do not show the problems of stability (creaming, flocculation, coalescence, and sedimentation), which are commonly associated with macroemulsions. AIM: The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate the sunflower oil nanoemulsion as a sunscreen. METHODS: Sunflower oil nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method with 3 formulas F1 (Tween 80 38%, sorbitol 22%), F2 (Tween 80 36%, sorbitol 24%), F3 (Tween 80 34%, sorbitol 26%) and 5% sunflower oil as a sunscreen substance. The nanoemulsions were evaluated for particle size, physical stability in room temperature (25 ± 2°C), low temperature (4 ± 2°C) and high temperature (40 ± 2°C) during experiment for 12 weeks of storage, centrifugation at 3750 rpm for 5 hours, viscosity, pH, freeze-thaw test and sun protection value (SPF) value by in vitro. RESULTS: The results of nanoemulsion evaluation showed that nanoemulsion formula F1 had the smallest average particle size of 124.47 nm with yellowish colour, clear, transparent, pH value (6.5 ± 0.1), viscosity value (225 ± 25 cP), did not show any separation or creaming in the centrifugation, and stable during experiment for 12 weeks of storage at room temperature, low temperature and high temperature. The SPF value of all nanoemulsion preparations was higher than that of the emulsion. CONCLUSION: The preparation of the sunflower oil nanoemulsion with a ratio of Tween 80 and sorbitol (38: 22) produces a stable nanoemulsion during the experiment for 12 weeks storage at the room, low and high temperature. The nanoemulsion preparation has higher SPF values compared to the emulsion. This nanoemulsion formulation could be considered more effective in sunscreen cosmetic use compare to the emulsion.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod G Nagaraju ◽  
Parineeta Sengupta ◽  
C. G. Poornima Priyadarshini ◽  
Pooja J Rao

AbstractThe therapeutic properties of clove oil is known for centuries, however, the pungent nature, chemical instability and low water solubility impose limitations in harnessing its therapeutic potential. Hence, nanoencapsulation of clove oil was performed to overcome the above constraints and control its in-vitro release. The stability of nanoemulsion depends on various factors where the surfactant and its hydrophile/lipofile balance (HLB) play a key role. The non-ionic surfactants Tween 20, 40 and 80 with HLB of 16.7, 15.6 and 15, respectively, were used to study the stability of clove oil nanoemulsion (CON). The creaming index of CON prepared with Tween 20, 40 and 80 was 22.75 and 17.5 and 1.5%, respectively, after 8 days of storage at room temperature. Tween 20 and 40 produced particles > 300 nm while Tween 80 resulted in particles of size ∼150 nm. Transmission electron microscopic image of spray dried CON prepared with Tween 80 showed particle size in the range 150-190 nm after one month of storage at room temperature. The in vitro release studies showed 76% and 42% cumulative release of CON and native clove oil (NC), respectively at pH 7.4. The cellular toxicity of CON was significantly reduced by four fold compared to NC at a concentration of 60 µg/mL when tested on Caco2 cells. Similarly, haemolytic activity on red blood cells revealed less than 10% haemolysis signifying the compatibility of CON for its nutraceutical applications. In addition, CON also exhibited higher in-vitro antioxidant compared to NC as shown by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Collectively, we have developed a unique method for NC nanoencapsulation using cost effective polysaccharide (maltodextrin) and surfactant for stabilizing the nanoemulsion for increased bioactivity.


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