Biodegradable polymer materials based on polyethylene and starch, modified with non-ionic surfactant

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Михаил Григорьевич Балыхин ◽  
Изабелла Сергеевна Тверитникова ◽  
Ирина Анатольевна Кирш ◽  
Ольга Анатольевна Банникова ◽  
Ольга Владимировна Безнаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Polymer Waste

С каждым годом упаковки производится все больше и больше. В настоящее время все больше актуализируется проблема утилизации полимерных отходов. Одним из перспективных направлений в области утилизации упаковки является создание биоразлагаемых полимерных материалов. Главное их преимущество - это возможность использования в качестве наполнителей сырья постоянно воспроизводимых в природе веществ, сельскохозяйственных продуктов и отходов их производства, содержащих крахмалы, в отличие от нефти, угля и газа, имеющих ограниченный запас в природе. Анализ рынка биоразлагаемых полимерных материалов показал, что сегодня наибольший спрос имеет сегмент так называемых «дешевых» композиций. Поэтому целью работы является создание биодеградируемых полимерных композиций на основе синтетического полимера и природных материалов. В качестве объектов были выбраны синтетический материал - полиэтилен, природные вещества - кукурузный и картофельный крахмал, а в качестве модификатора неионогенное поверхностно-активное вещество, являющееся инициатором биоразложения. В работе были проведены исследования на реологические свойства и деформационно-прочностные характеристики, на способность исследуемых композиций к набуханию и биодеградации. В ходе работы были получены полимерные композиции, модифицированные природным материалом в количестве 20 % и 30 %, а также композиции с введением крахмала 20 % и 30 % с содержанием 2 % неионогенного поверхностно-активного вещества. Проведя исследования, можно отметить, что введение неионогенного поверхностно-активного вещества в крахмалонаполненные полимерные композиции улучшает реологические характеристики и повышает их прочностные характеристики; полученные модифицированные крахмалонаполненные композиции обладают повышенной биоразлагаемостью по сравнению с контрольными образцами. Every year more and more packaging is produced. Currently, the problem of recycling polymer waste is becoming more and more urgent. One of the promising directions in the field of packaging recycling is the creation of biodegradable polymeric materials. The main advantage of using biodegradable polymer compositions is the ability to use as fillers, raw materials constantly reproduced in nature, substances, agricultural products and waste products containing starches, in contrast to oil, coal and gas, which have a limited supply in nature. Analysis of the market for biodegradable polymer materials showed that today the segment of so-called «cheap» compositions is in greatest demand. Therefore, the aim of this work is to create biodegradable polymer compositions based on synthetic polymer and natural materials. The objects were selected: a synthetic material - polyethylene, natural substances - corn and potato starch, and as a modifier a nonionic surfactant that initiates biodegradation. In this work, the following studies were carried out on rheological properties and deformation-strength characteristics, on the ability of the studied compositions to swell and biodegradation. In the course of the work, polymer compositions were obtained modified with natural material in an amount of 20 % and 30 %, as well as compositions with the introduction of starch 20 % and 30 % with a content of 2 % nonionic surfactant. After conducting research, it can be noted that when a nonionic surfactant is introduced into starch-filled polymer compositions, it improves rheological characteristics and increases their strength characteristics; the obtained modified starch-filled compositions have increased biodegradability in comparison with the control samples.

Possibilities of using biodegradable polymeric materials in the agricultural sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Raisa A. Alekhina ◽  
Victoriya E. Slavkina ◽  
Yuliya A. Lopatina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The article presents options for recycling polymers. The use of biodegradable materials is promising. This is a special class of polymers that can decompose under aerobic or anaerobic conditions under the action of microorganisms or enzymes forming natural products such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, biomass, and inorganic salts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in reviewing biodegradable materials that can be used for the manufacture of products used in agriculture. (Materials and methods) The study are based on open information sources containing information about biodegradable materials. Research methods are collecting, studying and comparative analysis of information. (Results and discussion) The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable materials, mechanical properties of the main groups of biodegradable polymers. The article provides a summary list of agricultural products that can be made from biodegradable polymer materials. It was found that products from the general group are widely used in agriculture. Authors have found that products from a special group can only be made from biodegradable polymers with a controlled decomposition period in the soil, their use contributes to increasing the productivity of crops. (Conclusions) It was found that biodegradable polymer materials, along with environmental safety, have mechanical properties that allow them producing products that do not carry significant loads during operation. We have shown that the creation of responsible products (machine parts) from biodegradable polymers requires an increase in their strength properties, which is achievable by creating composites based on them. It was found that the technological complexity of their manufacture and high cost are the limiting factors for the widespread use of biodegradable polymers at this stage.

scholarly journals The Development of Efficient Contaminated Polymer Materials Shredding in Recycling Processes

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Józef Flizikowski ◽  
Weronika Kruszelnicka ◽  
Marek Macko
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Machine Process ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Waste Reuse ◽  
Friction Temperature ◽  
And Control

Recently, a dynamic increase in the number of polymer elements ending their life cycle has been observed. There are three main ways of dealing with polymer waste: reuse in an unchanged form, recycling (both material and energy), and disposal (mainly in the form of landfilling or incineration). The legislation of European countries promotes in particular two forms of waste management: reuse and recycling. Recycling processes are used to recover materials and energy especially from contaminated waste, which are structurally changed by other materials, friction, temperature, machine, process, etc. The recycling of polymers, especially of multi-plastic structural elements, requires the use of special technological installations and a series of preparatory operations, including crushing and separating. Due to the universality and necessity of materials processing in recycling engineering, in particular size reduction, the aim of this study is to organize and systematize knowledge about shredding in the recycling process of end-of-life polymeric materials. This could help properly design these processes in the context of sustainable development and circular economy. Firstly, an overview of the possibilities of end-of-life plastics management was made, and the meaning of shredding in the end-of-life pathways was described. Then, the development of comminution in recycling processes was presented, with special emphasis given to quasi-cutting as the dominant mode of comminution of polymeric materials. The phenomenon of quasi-cutting, as well as factors related to the material, the operation of the shredding machine, and the technological process affecting it were described. Research conducted on quasi-cutting as a phenomenon when cutting single material samples and quasi-cutting as a machine process was characterized. Then, issues regarding recycling potentials in the context of shredding were systematized. Considerations included the areas of material, technical, energy, human, and control potentials. Presented bases and models can be used to support the innovation of creative activities, i.e., environmentally friendly actions, that produce specific positive environmental results in the mechanical processing of recycled and reused materials. The literature survey indicates the need to explore the environmental aspect of the shredding process in recycling and connect the shredding process variables with environmental consequences. This will help to design and control the processes to get the lowest possible environmental burdens.

scholarly journals Designing of Green Plasticizers and Assessment of the Effectiveness of Their Use

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1761
Author(s):  
Aliya K. Mazitova ◽  
Guliya K. Aminova ◽  
Irina N. Vikhareva
Keyword(s):  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
High Set ◽  
Acid Esters

The growing anthropogenic load on the lithosphere is currently characterized by the alienation of huge areas for solid domestic waste. One of the most common pollutants is traditional plastics with a degradation period of over 100 years. In connection with the increasing environmental requirements, polymer materials, along with a high set of technological and operational parameters, must be environmentally friendly and biodegradable. The development of polymer composite materials that undergo accelerated physicochemical and biological changes in the natural environment due to the introduction of biodegradable additives is one of the potential methods for processing synthetic materials and ensures the release of significant areas of fertile soils and lands from the steadily increasing amount of polymer waste. The use of adipic acid esters as PVC plasticizers contributes to the production of biodegradable composites. The article describes a method for obtaining new esters of adipic acid, presents the results of studying their properties for practical use in PVC composites, and assesses the economic efficiency of preventing damage to the environment when using them.

Mutual Diffusion Measurements in a Ternary System:  Ionic Surfactant−Nonionic Surfactant−Water at 25 °C

Langmuir ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 5994-5998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Castaldi ◽  
L. Costantino ◽  
O. Ortona ◽  
L. Paduano ◽  
V. Vitagliano
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Mutual Diffusion ◽  
Ionic Surfactant

Investigation of changes in physical and mechanical parameters of biodegradable polymer films during composting

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Михайлович Мяленко
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Aliphatic Biopolymer

Вопросы защиты окружающей среды и улучшения экологической обстановки приобретают глобальный характер. Количество производимых в России и зарубежных странах синтетических полимерных материалов постоянно увеличивается, что заставляет задуматься о подходах к разработке современных биоразлагаемых полимерных материалов из полностью возобновляемого растительного сырья. Один из таких материалов - это линейный алифатический биополимер, полученный путем гидролиза молочной кислоты: полилактид (PLA). В данной статье представлены результаты исследований способности к биоразложению полимерных материалов на основе PLA при их компостировании в течение 3 мес. The issues of environmental protection and improvement of the ecological situation are becoming global in nature. The number of synthetic polymeric materials produced from Russia and foreign countries is constantly increasing, which makes us think about approaches to the development of modern biodegradable polymeric materials from completely renewable plant materials. One such material is a linear aliphatic biopolymer made by hydrolysis of lactic acid: polylactide (PLA). This article presents the results of studies on the biodegradability of PLA-based polymeric materials when composted for 3 months.

Light-Driven Integration of Graphitic Carbon Nitride into Polymer Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Cansu Esen ◽  
Baris Kumru
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Present Contribution

As a metal-free polymeric semiconductor with an absorption in the visible range, carbon nitride has numerous advantages for photo-based applications spanning hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, ion transport, organic synthesis and organic dye degradation. The combination of g-C3N4 and polymer networks grants mutual benefit for both platforms, as networks are upgraded with photoactivity or formed by photoinitiation, and g-C3N4 is integrated into novel applications. In the present contribution, some of the recently published projects regarding g-C3N4 and polymeric materials will be highlighted. In the first study, organodispersible g-C3N4 were incorporated into a highly commercialized porous resin called poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) through suspension photopolymerization, and performances of resulting beads were investigated as recyclable photocatalysts. In the other study, g-C3N4 nanosheets were embedded in porous hydrogel networks, and so-formed hydrogels with photoactivity were transformed either into a ‘hydrophobic hydrogel’ or pore-patched materials via secondary network introduction, where both processes were accomplished via visible light. Since g-C3N4 is an organic semiconductor exhibiting sufficient charge separation under visible light illumination, a novel method for the oxidative photopolymerization of EDOT was successfully accomplished. As a result of the absence of dissolved anions during polymerization, so-formed neutral PEDOT is a highly viscous liquid that can be processed and post-doped easily, and grants facile coating processes.

scholarly journals SOME EFFECTS OF THE SVM GENERATOR ON MELTS OF METALS AND POLYMER MATERIALS

Metaphysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
V. F Panov ◽  
A. E Boyarshinov ◽  
A. V Klyuev ◽  
S. A Kurapov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Material Processing ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials

The paper presents the latest results of the effect of SVM generators on melts of metals and polymeric materials, as well as the effect on metals during heat treatment. Shown is a block diagram of an installation for SVM material processing. Made an attempt to theoretically substantiate the use of SVM generators in metallurgy based on relational physics, quantum theory, and real relativity.

scholarly journals The Reducing Approaches of Scattering Losses in Polymer Planar Optical Waveguides

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
T. Radzievskaya ◽  
N. Ivanov ◽  
S. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Scattering Losses ◽  
Planar Optical Waveguides

The article presents the development prospects of planar optical waveguides for high-speed data transmission systems optoelectronic buses by polymer materials. The advantages and disadvantages of using non-specialized polymeric materials for general use are revealed. The polymer planar optical waveguides fabrication technologies are proposed. The main losses types in planar optical waveguides, the reasons for their occurrence, as well as approaches to their reduction are determined. Using the example of PDMS polymer and soft lithography technology, the technological process critical stages of polymer planar optical waveguides production are noted, which contribute to an scattering losses increase. For each stage, algorithms are proposed to prevent an scattering losses increase. These algorithms were implemented in practice in the manufacture of layouts of polymer planar optical waveguides of the optical-electronic data transmission bus.

Biodegradable Polymer Materials from Proteins Produced by the Animal Coproducts Industry: Bloodmeal

2014 ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
Suraj Sharma ◽  
Fehime Vatansever ◽  
James N. Hodges ◽  
Igor Luzinov
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Polymer Materials
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