scholarly journals The 1930-s Unrealized Projects on Development of Gorky City (Nizhny Novgorod)

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Olga V. Orelskaya
Keyword(s):  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
High Rise ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Radical Reconstruction

The article deals with little-known unrealized projects shaping the image of the socialist Gorky city, its river panoramas, squares and highways in accordance with the first Soviet master plan of 1935-1937, made by the creative collective of Leningrad Giprogor, under theleadership of N.A. Solofnenko. The development of the master plan of alarge city was based on the principles of reconstruction of the General plan of Moscow in 1935. The architecture of a post-avant-garde epoch allowed to clearly demonstrate the architectural searches of the period, identify their characteristics, their mistakes and achievements. A radical reconstruction of an ancient city assumed a demolition of historic buildings. Instead of the lost town­planning dominants - churches that adorned the river facades of the city for many centuries, architects offered new high-rise accents in the form of monumental public buildings. Projects with classical compositions of central squares contributed to the formation of a fundamentally new image of the city. The tendencies of monumentalism appeared under the influence of well-known projects of accomplishment and organization of urban spaces in the capital cities - Moscow and Leningrad. This was an important phase of the new appeal to historicism, namely the development of the classics, which began in the mid 1930-ies and ended in the mid-1950s Archival photographs of 1930-ies complement the history of Russian Soviet architecture and urban planning and disclose the concept of the planned ambitious reforms.

City Space, Technology, Popular Culture: The Modernism of Paul Strand and Charles Sheeler's Manhatta

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN A. SUÁREZ
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Suspension Bridges ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
High Rise ◽  
City Space ◽  
Charles Sheeler ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Reputedly, painter Charles Sheeler and photographer Paul Strand's Manhatta is the first significant title in the history of American avant-garde cinema. It is a seven-minute portrait of New York City and focuses on those features which make the city a modern megalopolis – the traffic, the crowds, the high-rise buildings, the engineering wonders, and the speed and dynamism of street life. The film strives to capture rhythmic and graphic patterns in the movements and shapes of cranes, trains, automobiles, boats, steam shovels, suspension bridges, and skyscrapers. Due to the dominance of technology, the entire urban landscape appears in the film as a machine-like aggregate of static and moving parts independent from human intention.

THE MAKING OF THE MAP: THE ORIGIN AND LESSONS OF THE TEOTIHUACAN MAPPING PROJECT

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Millon ◽  
Jeffrey H. Altschul
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Manner ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

AbstractThe mapping of the ancient city of Teotihuacan was an archaeological project of singular importance in the history of archaeology. In this paper, we discuss the origin and history of the Teotihuacan Mapping Project (TMP) through a series of personal vignettes written by the project's leader, René Millon, which are put into larger context by Jeff Altschul, one of the many students who worked on the project. We examine the characteristics that led to the TMP's successes and its shortcomings and discuss lessons learned that may be of value to planning future big, complex archaeological projects. We argue that above all, a big project needs a big problem to solve. In the case of the TMP, the problem was the origin of the city. Marshaling a team of diverse talents, Millon and his colleagues were able to make many key decisions in ways that successfully overcame problems that had not been heretofore confronted by archaeologists. These decisions include the use of low-altitude aerial photography, the definition of sites to include nonliving urban spaces, the sampling of surface artifacts, strategic test excavations, computerized data management and sophisticated statistical analyses, and a unique manner of publication. Less successful was the project's record in publishing descriptive data. The project's success lay in its ability to take on an important problem and to follow through, even though some tasks required decades to complete and others remain to be completed.

Kharkiv Scenography School of O. Khvostenko-Khvostov: The Experience of Professionalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (02) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
V. Chechyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Music And Literature ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Theatrical Design ◽  
Outstanding Teachers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Compulsory Subject ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the early years of formation of Kharkiv scenography school and to the creative and pedagogical activities of Olexander Khvostenko-Khvostov (1895–1967). It was reported that the bold experiments of this artist, in the field of theatrical design of 1918–1922, made him one of the central figures of Kharkiv avant-garde scene (“Mystery Buff”; “The Army in the City”; “Lilyuli”, etc), strengthening the reputation of an innovator and causing the beginning of pedagogical activity at the Kharkiv Art College in 1921. The theatrical and decorative workshop was opened at the faculty of painting at the Kharkiv Art College in 1922, it was headed by A. Khvostenko-Khvostov. Among the first graduates were such bright alumni as A. Volnenko, P. Suponin, V. Ryftin, A. Bosulaev, B. Chernyshov, and others. Fundamental provisions of the educational program, which A. Khvostenko borrowed from the teaching practice of A. Exter (Kyiv Studio, 1918–1920), reflected the formation idea of future theater artist’s synthetic thinking. It is known that the education program of the Theater and Scenery Workshop of KAC, equally with the Studio of A. Exter, in addition to the subjects common to all students of painting and drawing faculty as special subjects (theatrical scenery, technique and technology of the stage, etc.) included also the history of theater (I. Turkeltaub), material culture, costume, music and literature (A. Beletsky). O. Khvostenko paid special attention to theoretical and practical issues of composition. He introduced the course of fundamentals of directing (V. Vasilko) as a compulsory subject. Much of what the students mastered at the Workshop was tested on the professional stages of Kharkiv theaters. Associated with the Kharkiv Art School for a quarter of a century (1921–1946), O. Khvostenko-Khvostov has not still been included in the pantheon of its outstanding teachers.

Debord, Guy (1931–1994)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Robert Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Art Practice ◽  
Situationist International ◽  
Art And Politics ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Political Theorist ◽  
Advanced Capitalism ◽  
The City

Guy Ernest Debord (1931–1994) was a French radical political theorist, writer, activist and filmmaker. After his early involvement with French avant-garde art movements in the 1950s, Debord founded a revolutionary organization, the Situationist International (SI), in 1957. Inspired by earlier avant-garde movements like Dada and surrealism, Debord sought to create an explicitly political and critical art practice that could be employed to transform everyday life. The SI attracted sound poets, architects, writers, activists, graphic artists and painters. The movement sought to merge everyday life, art and politics through such practices as radical city planning, the beautification of the city through graffiti, and rambling psycho-geographic drifts through urban spaces, seeking to uncover the desire and beauty that had been hidden by advanced capitalism.

Topography of Athens

Classics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Hurwit ◽  
Ioannis Mitsios
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek City ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
History Of ◽  
City States ◽  
City State ◽  
The City

The ancient city-state (or polis) of Athens was contiguous with the region known as Attica, a large, triangular peninsula extending southeastward from the Greek mainland into the Aegean Sea. In the western angle of Attica, on a coastal plain surrounded by four mountains (Hymettos, Pentelikon, Parnes, and Aigaleos), lay the city itself. Although the modern city has thickly spread up the slopes of the mountains as well as to the sea, the study of Athenian topography concentrates on the monuments, buildings, and spaces of the ancient urban core, an area roughly 3 square kilometers surrounding the Acropolis and defended in the Classical period by a wall some 6.5 kilometers in length. Athens is the ancient Greek city that we know best, and it is unquestionably the Greek city whose art, architecture, literature, philosophy, and political history have had the greatest impact on the Western tradition and imagination. As a result, “Athenian” is sometimes considered synonymous with “Greek.” It is not. In many respects, Athens was exceptional among Greek city-states, not typical: it was a very different place from, say, Thebes or Sparta. Still, the study of Athens, its monuments, and its culture needs no defense, and the charge of “Athenocentrism” is a hollow indictment when one stands before the Parthenon or holds a copy of Sophocles’ Antigone. This article will refer to the following periods in the history of Athens and Greece (the dates are conventional): late Bronze, or Mycenaean, Age (1550–1100 bce); Dark Age (1100–760 bce); Archaic (760–480 bce); Classical (480–323 bce); Hellenistic (323 –31 bce); and Roman (31 BCE–c. 475 ce).

Radiocarbon Dating the Ancient City of Loulan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Xu ◽  
Zhaoyan Gu ◽  
Xiaoguang Qin ◽  
Yong Wu ◽  
Guijin Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Inner Asia ◽  
Jin Dynasty ◽  
Ice Accumulation ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
The City ◽  
Eastern Han

AbstractThe discovery of the ancient city of Loulan in Xinjiang, China, at the beginning of the 20th century was of great significance for understanding the evolution of culture and civilization in Inner Asia. However, due to the lack of systematic chronological studies, the history of this ancient city remains unclear, particularly the date of its construction and abandonment. Here, we present the results of the first systematic radiocarbon (14C) dating carried out on artifacts from ancient Loulan. Our results show that human activity began as early as 350 cal BC, flourished during the interval from the 1st to 4th centuries AD, and completely disappeared around 600 AD. Most of the buildings in the city were constructed during the Eastern Han Dynasty rather than in Wei/Jin Dynasty, as previously indicated by excavated documents and letters (Hedin 1898; Xiao 2006). The development and flourishing of Loulan coincided with the interval of high ice accumulation and meltwater supply from surrounding mountains. The city began to decline and was finally abandoned following an abrupt decrease in ice accumulation and meltwater supply (Yao et al. 1996; Lauterbach et al. 2014), suggesting that natural climate change was the major factor responsible for the abandonment of Loulan.

scholarly journals On the crossroad of avant-garde: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and his painting  “Potsdamer Platz”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Анастасия Юрьевна Королева
Keyword(s):  
Avant Garde ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
German Art ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potsdamer Platz ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

Статья посвящена изучению картины Эрнста Людвига Кирхнера Потсдамская площадь . Автор ставит своей задачей исследование историко-культурного контекста произведения, занимающего столь важное положение в истории немецкого искусства. Это полотно, написанное в год начала Первой мировой войны, обобщает впечатления недавно приехавшего в Берлин художника от сверхинтенсивной жизни германской столицы последних предвоенных лет. В статье подробно рассматривается история возникновения и роль площади в культурном и мифологическом ландшафте города, анализируется социальный статус героев картины, отмечаются автобиографические коннотации и характерные для нее формально-стилевые приемы. В результате автор приходит к выводу об особом значении образа города в лице Потсдамской площади как символа эпохи. In researching of painting of Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Potsdamer Platz the author sets a task to find out all of historical and cultural aspects of this so important picture in German art. It was painted in the year of the beginning of the First World War, after a few year of the artists arriving in Berlin and become the kind of generalization of Kirchners impressions of the extremely intense life of German capital in the latest prewar years. The article gives the attention to the history of the square and its role in the cultural and mythological landscape of the city. Also it analyzes the social status of the main personas, notes the autobiographical aspects and specific formal and stylistic receptions. The results shows, that the image of town in the face of Potsdamer Platz becomes a symbol of the epoch.

scholarly journals Da ideia de planejamento no Brasil ao Plano Diretor participativo de Rio Verde (GO)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Emival Da Cunha Ribeiro ◽  
Márcio Rodrigues Silva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Participation Mechanisms ◽  
The City

ResumoEste artigo faz uma análise da participação popular no plano diretor do município de Rio Verde - Goiás. Inicialmente, é feito um breve histórico da ideia de como os Estados passam a planejar suas ações para buscar o desenvolvimento. Posteriormente, analisa-se a questão do planejamento urbano, a partir da perspectiva do Estatuto da Cidade, realçando a participação popular na gestão e no planejamento público das cidades. Finalmente, identificam-se os mecanismos de participação previstos no Plano Diretor de Rio Verde, destacando-se o Conselho das Cidades.Palavras-chave: Planejamento; planejamento urbano; participação popular. AbstractThis article is an analysis of citizens’ participation in the master plan of the municipality of Rio Verde – Goiás. Initially, a brief history of the idea of how states start planning their actions to seek development is described. Later, we analyze the issue of urban planning, from the perspective of the City Statute, highlighting public participation in public management and planning of cities. Finally, we identify the participation mechanisms established by the Master Plan of Rio Verde, highlighting the Council of Cities.Keywords: Planning; urban planning; public participation. ResumenEste artículo hace un análisis de la participación popular en el Plan Director Del município de Rio Verde, Goiás. Inicialmente, se hizo una lista de ideas de como los Estados planean sus acciones para buscar el desenvolvimiento. Posteriormente, se analizó la cuestión de la planificación urbana a partir de de la perspectiva del Estatuto de la ciudad, realzando la participación popular en la gestion y la planificación pública de las ciudades. Finalmente, se identificaron los mecanismos de participación previstos en el Plan Director de Rio Verde destacándose el consejo de las ciudades.Palabras clave: Planificación, planificación urbana, participación popular. 

scholarly journals FRAGMENTS OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM BC FROM NIGIN

Iraq ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Davide Nadali ◽  
Lorenzo Verderame
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
The State ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Third Millennium Bc ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Dynasty ◽  
The City

The ancient city of Nigin in the State of Lagash is largely attested in the epigraphic sources of the rulers of the First Dynasty of Lagash. Conversely, the archaeological evidence of the Early Dynastic Period is so far very scanty and limited. This paper presents a small group of documents to be dated to the Early Dynastic Period IIIb that were found out of context, but that nevertheless point to a phase of occupation of Nigin in the third millennium BC and are coherent with the information we already know about history of the city and the State of Lagash.

Edilizia residenziale nel paesaggio urbanistico di Tolemaide in Cirenaica

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-152
Author(s):  
Jerzy Żelazowski
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jewish Revolt ◽  
The City

The article presents the private houses of Ptolemais’ inhabitants in the context of the history and urban development of a city with a thousand-year-long history. Four periods can be distinguished in the history of Ptolemais: the first since the creation of the city’s final spatial development plan in the 2nd century BC until the Jewish Revolt in 115–117 AD; the second in the 2nd–3rd centuries AD under the sign of development and growing aspirations of Ptolemais; the third in the 4th century AD until the first half of the 5th century AD, when the city served as the capital of the province of Libya Superior; and the fourth, from the end of the 5th century AD until the mid-7th century AD, in which Ptolemais, after a short period of crisis related to the nomad invasions, flourished again until the appearance of the Arabs, marking the end of the ancient city, although not the end of settlement in its area. Within this historical framework, changes in the city’s buildings and the transformation of private houses can be identified, and various cultural influences associated with the arrival of new residents at different times with their baggage of experience or with the more or less significant presence of representatives of the civil and military administration of the Roman Empire can be seen.

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