Effect of Time and Voltage on Pollutant Remover in Gold Treatment Wastewater With Electrocoagulation Batch Reactor

Abstract: Wastewater from gold treatment by amalgamation has a high TSS value and heavy metal content in the form of Cu and Hg. This content can endanger the surrounding environment. Therefore, wastewater must be treated until it shows results below the permitted quality standards. Wastewater treatment is carried out using the batch reactor electrocoagulation method. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency value and optimal conditions by reducing the TSS, Cu, and Hg content in wastewater based on the effect of time (10 minutes) and voltage (4.5 volts, 6 volts, and 7.5 volts). This calculation of the efficiency and analysis showed that the optimal conditions occurred at a voltage of 6 volts from the three parameters, there are TSS = 97.49%, Cu = 95.71%, and Hg = 98.95%. Based on the test results after treatment, the wastewater still needs to be treated until it is below the safe quality standard according to Government Regulation of Indonesia Republic No. 82 of 2001 class 4.Abstrak: Air limbah pencucian emas dengan metode amalgamasi memiliki nilai TSS yang tinggi dan kandungan logam berat berupa Cu dan Hg. Kandungan tersebut dapat membahayakan lingkungan sekitar. Oleh karena itu, air limbah harus diolah hingga menunjukkan hasil di bawah baku mutu yang diizinkan. Pengolahan air limbah dilakukan dengan metode elektrokoagulasi reaktor batch. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai efisiensi dan kondisi optimal dengan mereduksi kandungan TSS, Cu, dan Hg pada limbah cair berdasarkan pengaruh waktu (10 menit) dan tegangan (4,5 volt, 6 volt, dan 7,5 volt). Hasil perhitungan efisiensi dan analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimal terjadi pada tegangan 6 volt dari ketiga parameter yaitu TSS = 97,49%, Cu = 95,71%, dan Hg = 98,95%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian setelah diolah, air limbah masih perlu diolah hingga berada di bawah baku mutu aman sesuai dengan PP RI No. 82 Tahun 2001 pada kelas 4.

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Analysis of Pb and Cd Heavy Metal Contents in Green Mussel (Pernaviridis L.) in Alue Naga Waters, Banda Aceh

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/869/1/012074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 869 (1) ◽

pp. 012074

Author(s):

I Rusydi ◽

D Savira ◽

D F Putra ◽

I Dewiyanti ◽

C N Defira

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Content ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Aquatic Biota ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Banda Aceh

Abstract Alue Naga waters are a coastal area in Banda Aceh city which is thought to have been exploited due to various human activities. The existence human settlements, tourist spots, fishponds, ports, and places for catching marine biota such as oysters, green mussels and fish are some instances to name a few.This research was conducted in July 2020 using simple random sampling method. Samples of green mussels were taken from a container for cultivation and from the bottom of the stream. Sample analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) at the laboratory of Office for Research and Standardization of Aceh Industries. The heavy metals that were analyzed are Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). The results showed that the content of Pb found in the cultivated green mussels was <0.0001 mg/Kg and Cd with <0.0002 mg/Kg. The metal content of green mussels found at the bottom of the stream was <0.0004 mg/Kg for cadmium and <0.0001 mg/Kg for lead. The intensity of heavy metal content in the seawater atcultivation locations also did not exceed the quality standard for the stream and aquatic biota with <0.0001 mg/L (Pb) and <0.0004 mg/L (Cd). Therefore, it is safe for human consumption.

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Monitoring of Heavy Metal Polution the Lead (Pb) with Bio Indicator Baung Fish (Hemibagrus nemurus) at the Musi River of South Sumatra

Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal ◽

10.33230/jlso.9.2.2020.503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 127-138

Author(s):

Rizqi Safitri ◽

Jhon Riswanda ◽

Fahmy Armanda

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Content ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Food Control ◽

River Waters ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Musi River

Safitri R, Riswanda J, Armanda F. 2020. Monitoring of heavy metal polution the lead (Pb) with bio indicator baung fish (Hemibagrus nemurus) at the Musi River of South Sumatra. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(2): 127-138.The high activity of the community in the musi river waters could affect the quality of river water, and can even caused water pollution and aquatic biota including fish baung (Hemibagrus nemurus) by lead heavy metals (Pb). This study aimed to determine the lead (Pb) heavy metal content of baung fish (H. nemurus) catches of fishermen in the musi river waters of palembang city. This research was conducted in May-June 2019. The method used is quantitative descriptive. The sample of this research is the meat, skin, liver, kidney and gill of baung fish (H. nemurus) which are tested for lead (Pb) heavy metal content using aas (atomic absorption spectrophotometry). The results of this study indicated that the concentration of heavy metal the lead (Pb) in fish baung (H. nemurus) in the waters of the musi river on the average meat of 0.046 mg/kg, on the skin of 0.058 mg/kg, in the liver of 0.1516 mg/kg, in the kidney at 0.2513 mg/kg, and in the gills at 0.2216 mg/kg. The Pb concentration on the meat, skin and liver samples were still below the established quality standards so that they were still suitable for consumption while the kidney and fish gill samples are above the quality standards that have been set based on the regulations of the Regulations Drug and Food Control Agency (DFCA) number 5 of 2018 which is equal to 0.20 mg/kg.

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Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.1515/eces-2016-0019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 271-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Thomas Spanos ◽

Antoaneta Ene ◽

Chrysoula Styliani Patronidou ◽

Christina Xatzixristou

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Metal Content ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Chromium Species ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Metal Contents

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations of selected heavy metals level in anaerobic fermented and dewatered sewage sludge. Sewage sludge samples were collected in different seasons and years from three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Northern Greece, in Kavala (Kavala and Palio localities) and Drama (Drama locality) Prefectures. An investigation of the potential of sludge utilization in agriculture was performed, based on the comparison of average total heavy metal concentrations and of chromium species (hexavalent, trivalent) concentrations with the allowed values according to the Council Directive 86/278/EEC and Greek national legislation (Joint Cabinet Decision 80568/4225/91) guidelines. In this regard, all the investigated heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg) and chromium species Cr(VI) and Cr(III) have average concentrations (dry matter weight) well below the legislated thresholds for soil application, as following: 2.12 mg kg−1Cd; 103.7 mg kg−1Cr; 136.4 mg kg−1Cu; < 0.2 mg kg−1Hg; 29.1 mg kg−1Ni; 62.0 mg kg−1Pb; 1253.2 mg kg−1Zn; 1.56 mg kg−1Cr(VI) and 115.7 mg kg−1Cr(III). Values of relative standard deviation (RSD) indicate a low or moderate temporal variability for domestic-related metals Zn (10.3-14.7%), Pb (27.9-44.5%) and Cu (33.5-34.2%), and high variability for the metals of mixed origin or predominantly resulted from commercial activities, such as Ni (42.4-50.7%), Cd (44.3-85.5%) and Cr (58.2-102.0%). For some elements the seasonal occurrence pattern is the same for Kavala and Palio sludge, as following: a) Cd and Cr: spring>summer>winter; b) Cu, Ni and Pb: winter>spring>summer. On average, in summer months (dry season) metal concentrations are lower than in spring and winter (wet seasons), with the exception of Zn. For Kavala and Palio the results demonstrate that the increased number of inhabitants (almost doubled) in summer time due to tourism does not influence the metal levels in sludge. Comparing the results obtained for similar spring-summer-winter sequences in 2007 and 2010/11 and for the spring season in 2007, 2008 and 2010, it can be noticed that, in general, the average heavy metal contents show an increasing tendency towards the last year. In all the measurement periods, the Palio sludge had the highest metal contents and Kavala sludge the lowest, leading to the conclusion that the WWTP operating process rather than population has a significant effect upon the heavy metal content of sludge. Cr(VI)/Cr(total) concentration ratios are higher for Kavala sludge in the majority of sampling campaigns, followed by Drama and Palio sludge. The metals which present moderate to strong positive correlation have common origin, which could be a domestic-commercial mixed source.

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Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Pada Ikan Kakap Putih (Lates calcarifer Bloch) di Perairan Mimika Papua

Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan ◽

10.14710/jil.17.2.256-263 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 256

Author(s):

Rosye H.R. Tanjung ◽

Suwito Suwito ◽

Vita Purnamasari ◽

Suharno Suharno

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Content ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Sea Water ◽

Good Condition ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Lates Calcarifer ◽

Tailings Sand

Kebutuhan bahan pangan sangat tergantung pada ketersediaanya di lingungan. Bahan pangan yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari harus sehat dan bebas dari bahan pencemar, termasuk logam berat. Ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) sering dijumpai pada kawasan muara sungai di hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia, bahkan di Papua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, dan Hg pada ikan kakap putih (L. calcarifer) yang hidup di perairan estuari Mimika Papua. Perairan estuari di Mimika diketahui sebagai salah satu daerah pengendapan pasir sisa tambang (tailing). Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dan analisis laboratorium kandungan logam berat pada tubuh ikan. Analisis Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, dan Hg ditentukan dengan spektroskopi serapan atom (AAS, Atomic Absorpsion Spectroscopy). Penentuan tingkat pencemaran logam berat dilakukan dengan Metode Standar APHA 3113 Cetac Technologies SPR IDA. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan kandungan logam berat dalam air dengan baku mutu air laut menurut SK MNLH No. 51 tahun 2004. Untuk kandungan logam berat pada organ tubuh ikan dibandingkan dengan kandungan maksimum logam berat berdasarkan SNI 7387: 2009 tentang batas maksimum cemaran logam berat bahan pangan. Kandungan logam berat pada ikan kakap putih masih tergolong aman dikonsumsi karena mengandung logam berat di bawah ambang batas baku mutu. Kondisi ini didukung oleh hasil analisis logam berat pada air yang menunjukkan masih dalam kondisi baik. Kata kunci: L. calcarifer, logam berat, Sungai Kamora, Sungai Ajkwa, Mimika. The need for food depends on the availability in the environment. Foods needed to meet daily needs should be healthy and free of pollutants, including heavy metals. White snapper (Lates calcarifer) is often found in the estuary of the river in almost all parts of Indonesia, even in Papua. The purpose of this research is to study the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, and Hg on white snapper (L. calcarifer) which live in Mimika Papua estuary waters. The estuary waters of Mimika are known as one of the deposition areas of tailings sand. The method used is survey and laboratory analysis of heavy metal content in fish body. Analysis of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Hg was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Determination of the level of heavy metal contamination was done by Standard Method of APHA 3113 Cetac Technologies SPR IDA. Data analysis was done by comparing the heavy metal content in water with sea water quality standard according to SK MNLH No. 51 year 2004. For heavy metal content in fish body organs compared with maximum content of heavy metals based on SNI 7387: 2009 on the maximum limit of heavy metal food contamination. The content of heavy metals in white snapper is still considered safe for consumption because its below the quality standard threshold. This condition is supported by the results of heavy metal analysis on the water which shows still in good condition. Key words: L. calcarifer, heavy metal, Kamora River, Ajkwa River, Mimika.

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The Evaluation and Concentration of Heavy Metal in Water of the Oil Spill Area in Bohai Bay (China) during the Spring

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1471 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 1471-1474

Author(s):

Hong Wei Wang ◽

Li Kun Yang ◽

Wen Bo Zhao ◽

Na Zhu ◽

Hai Tao Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Surface Water ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Water Samples ◽

Metal Content ◽

Bottom Water ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Bohai Bay ◽

Seawater Quality

The heavy metal content of water in the oil spill area of Bohai Bay had been evaluated though the determination results, the distribution and variation difference of the heavy metal content in water had been discussed, In 2013 spring, 32 water samples had been collected in the oil spill area of Bohai Bay to measure chromium(Cr), zinc(Zn), copper(Cu), arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd), mercury(Hg) and lead(Pb) content. In surface water the heavy metal content from high to low was Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Pb, Cd, Hg, and the same as it in bottom water. Cr, As, Cd, Hg and Pb were not beyond first class value of the seawater quality standard except Zn and Cu.

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Kualitas Air Tanah di Sekitar TPA Km 14 Kota Palangka Raya

Journal of Environment and Management ◽

10.37304/jem.v1i1.1208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

Yustani Leluno ◽

Kembarawati ◽

Basuki

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Water Quality Standards ◽

Processing Site ◽

Local Water

The lack of clean water distribution by local water service (PDAM) of Palangka Raya city is the major reason for people around the final processing site/landfill (Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir) at Km 14 to use groundwater for their daily life. The landfill may cause pollution over groundwater known as leachate, which commonly unnoticed by its users. This study aims at assessing the quality of groundwater in that area. The groundwater was taken at different distances from the site in three rainless-days. The physical, chemical and biology parameters of groundwater are observed in the field (in situ) and analyzed in the laboratory, refers to water quality standard of Class I, according to Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 and Minister of Health Regulation No. 32 of 2017. Public opinion on that issue is cached through interview. The results showed that the groundwater around the landfill in three rainless-days was harmless to be consumed as drinking water, and did not exceed the water quality standards stipulated by government in term of odorless, tasteless, and colorless. Some indicators also show that the groundwater meets the specified quality standards, i.e. TDS (17-68.14 mg/L), DHL (17,15-69.39 ?s), turbidity (0.11-2.50 mg/L), iron (0.227-0.71 mg/L), manganese (<0.0123-0.02 mg/L), coliform (<1.8-280 MPN/100 ml), while Pb and H2S were not detected. From community side, there are no any health complaints arise as long as they use the water.

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Analisis Air Limbah Pada Dapur Praktek di Politeknik Pariwisata Makassar

LaGeografia ◽

10.35580/lageografia.v18i1.11131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Muhammad Musawantoro ◽

Mustifa Shafany

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Laboratory Test ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Treatment Model ◽

Test Results ◽

Laboratory Test Results ◽

Wastewater Quality ◽

Wastewater Samples

The importance of research is to provide a description of wastewater content in Makassar polytechnics in the kitchen, through experimental research methods, by taking wastewater samples from practical kitchens, laboratory test results provide results data obtained from chemical Oxygen Demand supply, wastewater discharged directly into sewers Will not meet the requirements for wastewater quality standards. The wastewater treatment model in polytechnics is still not feasible and is not environmentally friendly, steps need to be taken to make wastewater installations.

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ANALISIS SUMBER AIR BAKU UNTUK MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN AIR RUSUNAWA GIRIASIH DI KECAMATAN BATUJAJAR KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT

Journal of Environmental Engineering & Waste Management ◽

10.33021/jenv.v4i2.718 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Apik Adzani Diandi ◽

Eka Wardhani ◽

Agung Ghani Kramawijaya

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Water ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Water Sources ◽

Raw Water ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Alternative Sources ◽

Difficult Area

<p>Administratively, Giriasih Rusunawa located at Jalan Griya Asri Permai, Kampung Babakan RT 01 and 02 RW 18 Kampung Babakan, Giriasih Village, Batujajar Sub-District, West Bandung Regency, is in a difficult area for clean water. This study aims to determine the alternative sources of raw water that will be used to meet water needs in Rusunawa. Alternative raw water sources, namely groundwater, surface and rain. The method used by comparing water quality with quality standards. The parameters tested consisted of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. The quality monitored is compared to the quality standard based on Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 Class I concerning Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control and PerMenKes No. 492 of 2010 concerning Drinking Water Quality Requirements. Based on the results of analysis of raw water sources, surface water is very possible to be used as a source of water to meet the needs of water in flat from all aspects. Quantity aspect, Saguling Reservoir guarantees continuous availability of raw water, which is 4,000 l / sec and can still be developed up to 5,000 l / sec. Parameters that do not meet quality standards on surface water are: BOD, COD, Phosphate and Manganese. Based on the results of the calculation of water requirements of 3 l / sec to serve the water needs in the flat.</p>

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Efektivitas Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik Grey Water Dengan Proses Biofilter Anaerob dan Biofilter Aerob (Studi Kasus: IPAL INBIS Permata Bunda, Bontang)

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v5i4.2316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Busyairi ◽

Nikita Adriyanti ◽

Abdul Kahar ◽

Dian Nurcahya ◽

Sariyadi Sariyadi

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Organic Pollutant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Wastewater Treatment Process ◽

Fatty Oil ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Domestic wastewater from non toilets is referred to as grey wastewater, domestic wastewater from bathing, washing and from the kitchen. Incubator Bisnis (INBIS) Permata Bunda is a forum for the application of entrepreneurial skills (apprenticeship) for people with disabilities residing in Kampung Aren, Bontang City, East Kalimantan. Grey wastewater treatment at INBIS Permata Bunda with a grease trap, filtration, sedimentation, anaerobic biofilter, aerobic biofilter, sedimentation and control. The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of INBIS Domestic WWTP to reduce organic pollutant loads based on the quality standard parameters of domestic wastewater from the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No.P.68 of 2016 those are the parameters of pH, BOD, COD, TSS, fatty oil, ammonia, and total coliform. The domestic wastewater treatment process for grey wastewater has a reduced effectiveness ranging from 56.73% - 97.65% and has met the quality standards for the parameters, pH, BOD, COD, ammonia, fatty oil, and total coliform, but for TSS parameters and total coliform needs operational evaluation. Grey waterwater from the INBIS domestic wastewater treatment plant has the potential to become an alternative water source for watering plants (afforestation) if the processing results are in accordance with quality standards.

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Removal of Cu2+ In sewage with macadamia coal activated by K2CO3

Thu Dau Mot University Journal of Science ◽

10.37550/tdmu.ejs/2020.02.045 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 180-186

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Carbon Material ◽

Burning Time ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Research Results ◽

Survey Results

Investigation of the possibility of treating wastewater containing Cu2+ heavy metal with activated carbon material prepared from macadamia husk with activating K2CO3 in Optimal conditions such as temperature 6500C and burning time is 60 minutes. Survey results show that coal with the ability to handle heavy metals is best at 84.02% in optimal conditions such as pH=5 and time. Baking is 30 minutes. The results show similarities with other research results and are applicable to wastewater treatment Cu2+.

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