scholarly journals Dikotomi Ulama menurut Perspektif Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Mutrofin Mutrofin ◽  
Izzul Madid
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Context ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Definition Of

Islamic Scholars (ulama) have important position in Muslim society, they are not only as references but also as determinants in decisions making process, specially related to the benefit of the ummah, as a result, who can be called ulama is not clear, as a result, ulama are defined according to the interests of certain groups. This article examines the dichotomy of scholars in Al-Ghazali's perspective. This article uses data from literature review sources, especially the works written by Al-Ghazali. This article concludes that Al-Ghazali did a sociological reading of the ulama concept according to the social, political, and life context. At the time of Al-Ghazali, the term ulama had become a certain social status, even this term was juxtaposed with certain types of scholarship. With the various titles of ulama according to their expertise, this condition caused a conflict between them. The goal of each group is to claim the most correct according to their opinion. This article discusses the definition of ulama in Alghazali's perspective along with the standards developed by Alghazali to determine the criteria of the ulama in the context of the Islamic community during  he lived that stiil suitable to be applied today.Abstrak:  Ulama memiliki posisi yang cukup penting dalam masyarakat, mereka tidak hanya sebagai panutan namunn juga sebagai penentu dalam penggambilan keputusan terkait denggan kemaslahatan umat, akibatnya siapa yang dapat disebut sebagai ulama merupa area yang kadang abu-abu, akibatnya ulama didefinisikan sesuai kepentingan kelompok tertentu.  Artikel ini  mengkaji tentang dikotomi ulama dalam perspektif Al-Ghazali.  Artikel ini mengunakan data dari sumber kajian kepustakaan khususnya karya-karya yangg ditulis oleh Alghazali.  Kesimpulan dari artikel ini bahwa Al-Ghazali melakukan pembacaan secara sosiologis atas konsep ulama tersebut sesuai dengan konteks sosial, politik dan kehidupannya. Pada masa Al-Ghazali istilah ulama sudah menjadi status sosial tertentu, bahkan istilah ulama ini disandingkan pada jenis keilmuan tertentu. Dengan berbagai julukan ulama sesuai dengan keahliannya tersebut, memunculkan mereka untuk saling berseteru antara ulama satu dengan lainnya. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengklaim yang paling benar menerut pendapat tertentu.  Artikel ini membahas tentang definisi ulama dalam perskpektif Alghazali beserta standar yang dikembang oleh Alghazali untuk mentukan kriteria ulama dalam konteks masyarakat islam saat itu.

scholarly journals Entreprenariat social et entreprenariat collectif : synthèse et constats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Fontan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
French Language ◽  
Social Entrepreneur ◽  
Nous Permet ◽  
The Social ◽  
Convergence And Divergence ◽  
Nous Voyons ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Revue De Littérature

RÉSUMÉL’article présente les résultats d’une recherche portant sur les notions d’entrepreneur social et d’entrepreneur collectif. Après avoir défini le concept d’entrepreneur, nous voyons comment les qualitatifs « social » et « collectif » transforment l’idée d’entreprendre en un projet plus intégré où les objectifs sociaux, politiques et économiques sont « harmonieusement » agencés. La recherche repose essentiellement sur la réalisation d’une revue de littérature de textes clés produits en langue française et anglaise en Amérique du Nord et en Europe. L’analyse des données recueillies nous permet de présenter des critères simples pour proposer une définition de ces notions qui devrait rendre compte de la réalité des pratiques rencontrées sur le terrain et des contributions théoriques et critiques faites par les auteurs et travaux consultés. Elle permet aussi de présenter une dizaine de constats qui illustrent tant les points de convergence que les divergences observées entre les types d’entreprenariat étudiés.ABSTRACTThis article presents the results of a study bearing on the notions of social entrepreneur and collectiveentrepreneur. After defining the concept of entrepreneur, I look at how the adjectives “social” and “collective” transform the project of being an entrepreneur into a more integrated one where the social, political and economic objectives are “harmoniously” organized. The study is essentially based on a literature review of key English- and French-language texts written in North America and in Europe. The analysis of the collected data allows me to present simple criteria for proposing a definition of these notions that should take into account both the reality of the practices encountered in the field and the theoretical and critical contributions made by the authors and the texts that I consulted. It also enables me to present ten observations that illustrate both the points of convergence and divergence between the types of entrepreneurship that I studied.

Unlocking the social domain in sustainable development

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Domain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
Untapped Resource

Purpose – Beginning with a multitude of differing definitions and theories of CSR and sustainability, an analysis of the effects and impacts of the social domain to remain an untapped resource to strengthen and merge the practice of sustainable development. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Utilizing a systematic review of literature between 1977 and 2013 about CSR and sustainability definitions and theories to reveal knowledge fragmentation in the use of the social domain and its implications within sustainable development. Findings – Identifies the gaps of the social domain in sustainable development and raises awareness to advance sustainable development beyond current sustainable development strategies, initiatives and practices. The pertinent publications from the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the systematic literature review were analyzed to determine how the social domain is used and interpreted in CSR and sustainability. Based upon the findings, four themes represent the social domain as socio-economics, stakeholders, societal well-being and social sustainability with suggestions for further research. Research limitations/implications – The systematic literature review searched one academic search engine and focussed on journals and books written in English. Originality/value – The contribution of the paper highlights, first, how an underdeveloped social domain can contribute toward multiple meanings of sustainable development and the social domain’s untapped capacity to develop a clearer standard definition of sustainable development and second, the potential to advance competitive advantage for corporations and governments.

scholarly journals Importance Of The Law Of Compatibility (Kufu) In Islamic Marriage

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Ubaid Ahmad Khan ◽  
Hafiz Naqib Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Objective ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
The Law ◽  
Psychological Balance ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Islamic Marriage

This article has two parts, first part of the article deals with the importance of marriage in Islam in the light of Quran and Hadith. This part of article also elaborates the social importance of marriage for Muslim man and woman. The second part of this article deals with the law of compatibility (Kufu), its importance and the role it plays in the success of marriage. The law of compatibility emphasizes that before arranging marriage of girl compatibility between the boy and girl should be checked on the following terms: (1) Lineage (2) Islam (3) Religiosity (4) Wealth (5) profession. The basic objective of this law is to ensure equality in social status for the purpose of successful marriage and psychological balance. Therefore, this law has great role in the success of marriage if it is practiced, it may reduce the cases of divorce. The second part of this article also deals some other important points like, validity of marriage without the consideration of law of compatibility, misconception regarding the law of compatibility in Muslim society.

scholarly journals Theoretical review of manifestations and features of social solidarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
D. S. Doktorova
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Simultaneous Impact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

This article is dedicated to issues of social solidarity actions and it`s features in modern Sociology theoretical framework. The literature review reviled that definition of social solidarity is a complex concept, which is not distinct from related definitions. Separation of Social solidarity characteristics form a significant contribution of this article. They exist in the group, where respect, mutual feelings, trust, unselfishness, pride and suffer from loss or betrayal occur. The forms of social solidarity existence have a substantial role and operate on different levels: around, for and according to something. Solidarity ties have a great importance, which quality depends on the level of covetousness. Such ties can also be motivating factors. Article describes the human behavior in the relations of social solidarity, which varies depending on level of organization, roles (major and secondary), scale. Time factor could be found in the center of the social solidarity concept. It can unite the group and have a simultaneous impact in past, present and future. This article shows the value of social solidarity brought by motives of the group members and moral rules, which might or might not be followed.

scholarly journals Exploring various approaches of social innovation: a francophone literature review and a proposal of innovation typology

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Gregoire
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Francophone Literature ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Theoretical Saturation ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to clarify the multiple different approaches of social innovation, focusing on francophone literature. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: We propose an in-depth literature review that questions the meaning of the adjective "social" when used by authors to qualify an innovation, that highlights the different approaches of the concept, their relations to each other and their limits, and that illustrates these approaches with concrete examples. Finally, we build on these materials to propose a new innovation typology that wholly integrates social innovation. Key methodological aspects: The literature review is based on a selection of 25 papers in French - the mother language of the author - which were collected and analyzed using the "theoretical saturation point" method: we stopped the review when we felt there was no new crucial element in the next articles read, that is, when it seemed that a "saturation point" of information had been reached about theories on social innovation. Summary of key results: The definition of social innovation as new answers provided to unsatisfied or badly-satisfied social demands seems to prevail in the literature. It can be divided into three sub-approaches: the public policies, the social entrepreneurship, and the participatory dynamics, which strikes us as the most interesting, without excluding the others. Key considerations/conclusions: We propose a new innovation typology, which presents social innovation's relations to other types of innovation. We conclude with some considerations about social innovation context of emergence, and about its ambiguous position in the neoliberal system.

Climbing down the ladder makes you play it safe

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 946-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjae Yi ◽  
Seo Young Kim ◽  
Jae Won Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
High Status ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to examine how social exclusion and the social status of a rejecter affect consumers’ purchase intentions toward ordinary products. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses. Findings The status of a rejecter, whether high or low, had a significant influence on individuals’ evaluations of ordinary products. Results showed that individuals who were rejected by a low status source had higher purchase intentions toward the ordinary (vs unique) products compared to those who were rejected by a high status source due to threatened self-concept. Practical implications With the increased number of lonely consumers in the market today, firms should pay closer attention to the behavioral patterns of consumers who are socially excluded. In addition, firms should be aware that consumers’ purchase intentions vary depending on the sources of social exclusion. Originality/value This paper addresses the significant impact of sources of social exclusion on consumers’ evaluation of ordinary products. Moreover, this study focuses on a relatively neglected definition of social status, namely, the sociometric status, to fill the gap in the social status literature.

scholarly journals Eksistensi Warok Dan Gemblak di tengah Masyarakat Muslim Ponorogo Tahun 1960-1980

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-138
Author(s):  
Nia Ulfia Krismawati ◽  
Warto Warto ◽  
Nunuk Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
High Social Status

Warok is a central figure in the life of Ponorogo Society. The existence, authority, and high social status became a social capital in the perpetuating of an ideology of kanuragan. The groups of Warok has believed that a woman is a source of weakness for mysticists that forces them to resist the lust and avoid a woman. Some of Warok presented a figure of gemblak as diversion of lust as well as an assistant in the various activities. The “menggemblak” behavior was considered not in accordance with religious values and norms because it leads to deviant practices. This study is aimed to analyze the existence of warok and gemblak in the social structure of Ponorogo society and how warok attempted to perpetuate gemblak tradition among the Muslim society as majority. The result showed that the strategic position, social status, and power to influence in the social structure became the social capital to socialize the practice of ablution as kanuragan ideology and it is normal. Meanwhile, the Islamic efforts in shifting the gemblak tradition were carried out through modification of Reog which is considered as an appropriate means of conveying religious values

scholarly journals Entrepreneuriat Social et Participation Citoyenne

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Brouard ◽  
Sophie Larivet ◽  
Ouafa Sakka
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Entrepreneur ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Definition Of

RÉSUMÉ L'entrepreneuriat social est un concept émergeant, notamment dans les sciences de l'administration. Pourtant, en dehors d'une pratique directoriale spécifique, il est aussi une forme de participation citoyenne trop méconnue. L'objectif de cet article, basé sur une revue de la littérature et une approche théorique, est de présenter le concept d'entrepreneuriat social afin de mieux saisir son positionnement par rapport à la participation citoyenne. L'entrepreneuriat social constitue une forme particulière de participation à l'espace public par l'action, les entreprises sociales agissant au quotidien pour transformer le paysage social. En particulier, cet article souligne le contexte de développement de l'entrepreneuriat social, définit le concept et les notions connexes d'entreprise sociale et d'entrepreneur social, et, enfin, présente une réflexion sur la contribution de l'entrepreneuriat social à la participation citoyenne. L'article montre que l'entrepreneuriat social est une façon pour les citoyens d'agir directement et avec maîtrise sur la société.   ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship is an emerging concept, notably in administrative sciences. However, not only is it a specific managerial practice but it is also a type of citizen participation that is not well-known. The objective of this article, based on a literature review and a theoretical approach, is to present the concept of social entrepreneurship in order to better understand its relation to citizen participation. Social entrepreneurship represents a specific type of citizen participation involving actions. Social enterprises act daily to transform the social landscape. More specifically, this article presents the context of development of social entrepreneurship, proposes a definition of the concept and of other connected notions like "social enterprise" and "social entrepreneur", and, finally, analyzes the contribution of social entrepreneurship to citizen participation. It shows that social entrepreneurship is a way for citizens to act directly and with some power on society.

scholarly journals CYBERBULLYING: DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT IN ADOLESCENT – LITERATURE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Zarina Akbar ◽  
Tiara Trisna Putri ◽  
Maratini Shaliha Aisyawati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Adolescent Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose of the study: This study is a literature review on cyberbullying from 2004-2017. Topics covered in the review have been categorized starting with the definition of cyberbullying; factors causing cyberbullying; and measurement tools of cyberbullying in adolescents. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current research on cyberbullying as it relates to cyberbullying intervention/prevention programs further. Methodology: This study applied the method of literature review that related to cyberbullying and other related journals from EBSCO Database. Main Findings: This study found that there is a need to determine a more consistent definition of cyberbullying criteria in order to establish more accurate measurement methods. Furthermore, factors causing cyberbullying are not only  the personal factors and situational factors, but also the social-ecological (factors) theory. Applications of this study: The cyberbullying handling program for teenagers must be designed by the schools holistically and in cooperation between all elements and levels of communities that are related to the lives of teenagers, including those in regards with home, school, peers, and any other elements related to teenagers’ lives such as those that are easily accessed online. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study discussed cyberbullying in a more integrated and complete explanation especially about the type of cyberbullying measurements that can be used.

scholarly journals Enterprising education - a research on students as agents of change in social entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 788-797
Author(s):  
Oana Codruta Gauca ◽  
Denisa Dragan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Business ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This article is a study on the awareness and understanding of social entrepreneurship among students. Moreover, the article aims to emphasize the different meanings this buzz word has developed, whether it is the purpose of social entrepreneurship, the fields it activates in or the profit which should or should not be distributed. We aim to cover aspects of the definition of the social entrepreneurship field, as well as the ways in which students act as agents of change. The main research methodologies used except for literature review are interviews and case studies for several social business developed by students. The interviews are with no predetermined questions, in order to allow flexibility. The article wants to demonstrate that students are the emerging social entrepreneurs and important initiators of change in this field. In this regards, students should be educated and should develop skills within the universities programs, skills that are very specific compared to simple entrepreneurship. The main theoretical contribution to the field of education is the proven necessity that education facilities need to educate themselves. In order to create our future entrepreneurs as well as provide them with the skills set necessary to become entrepreneurs, education needs to become enterprising. The main practical contribution is the proof of students being involved in the change of society around them and main contributors to their environment.

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