scholarly journals Metod Dakwah dalam Pengislaman di Sabah (Sebelum Era Penguasaan British Crown Colony

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Abd Hadi Borham ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Marzuqi Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
The West ◽  
Important Group ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
British Colony

Da’ie is an important group in the spreading of Islam during the period of sultanate of Brunei and Sulu before British Colony Era. The domination of sultanates has given a positive impact to the spread of da’wah in Sabah (known as North Borneo). The da’i have succeeded to bring a harmonious spiritual need among the locals in Sabah. Islamisation has encouraged comprehensive way of life from legal, economy and politic aspects. This dynamic nature is shown through the effort of Islamisation. It can be seen with the acceptance of Islam from the local community of Sabah (North Borneo); who lived in east coast through the influence of Sultanate of Sulu and flourishing in the west coast of Sabah through the Sultanate of Brunei. Therefore, this study aims to identify the da’wah methods that are a factor to Islamization in Sabah. The design of this study is a literature review with using content analysis of the materials on the study topic. The findings show that there are five methods of da'wah that were highlighted in Islamization in Sabah before the British era. It is an adaptation of the preacher to local life, approaching the ruling class, through marriage and through trade activities, and the factor of the superiority of the sufi preachers.

‘Hantu’ and Highway: Transport in Sabah 1881–1963

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarjit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
British Colony ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Rubber Boom

Sabah (previously known as British North Borneo) occupies the whole of the northern portion of the island of Borneo, covering an area of 76, 115 square kilometres. Its immediate neighbours are Brunei, Sarawak and Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). From 1882 to 1942, Sabah was administered by the British North Borneo (Chartered) Company. The territory possessed three main attractions: its timber, its reputed minerals and its land. Timber has now grown to be amajor export commodity, second only to petroleum. With the exception of deposits of coal and some gold, economic resources of other sought-after minerals were not proven during the period. The land proved to be the most valuable asset. Many crops were experimented with: tobacco, sugar cane, coffee, coconuts and rubber and they laid the basis for the economic development of the territory. The expansion of these crops was largely assisted by the introduction of a modern transport system which supplemented the original means of communication, the rivers. The railway in particular provided the impetus for the rubber boom on the west coast. In turn, this resulted in the emergence of an export-oriented economy, specializing in rubber, timber, copra and tobacco. From 1942, Sabah was occupied by the Japanese until its liberation in 1945. After a brief period under military administration, it became a British Colony in 1946. Under colonial rule from 1946 to 1963 the previous pattern of economic exploitation continued.

scholarly journals Infix allomorphy in Ida'an-Begak

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Nelleke Goudswaard
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Borneo

Ida'an-Begak is a Western Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by approximately 6,000 people on the east coast of Sabah, Malaysia, Borneo and belongs to the Sabahan subgroup of the North Borneo subgroup (Blust 1998). Ida'an-Begak has three dialects, Ida'an, spoken in the villages of Segama to the west of Lahad Datu, Ida'an Sungai spoken in the Kinabatangan and Sandakan districts, and Begak spoken in Ulu Tungku, to the east of Lahad Datu (Banker 1984).1 Moody (1993) deals with Ida'an; this paper concentrates on the Begak dialect. In this paper I will present new data gathered in the field and provide an analysis of the allomorphy. The study is based on spontaneous data as well as examples elicited from my language informants.  

How to Define the Czechoslovak Underground

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Barbara Bothová
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Key Events

What is an underground? Is it possible to embed this particular way of life into any definition? After all, even underground did not have the need to define itself at the beginning. The presented text represents a brief reflection of the development of underground in Czechoslovakia; attention is paid to the impulses from the West, which had a significant influence on the underground. The text focuses on the key events that influenced the underground. For example, the “Hairies (Vlasatci)” Action, which took place in 1966, and the State Security activity in Rudolfov in 1974. The event in Rudolfov was an imaginary landmark and led to the writing of a manifesto that came into history as the “Report on the Third Czech Musical Revival.”

Book Reviews

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-107
Author(s):  
Louise K. Davidson-Schmich ◽  
Jennifer A. Yoder ◽  
Friederike Eigler ◽  
Joyce M. Mushaben ◽  
Alexandra Schwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Print Media ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
German State ◽  
East German ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Konrad H. Jarausch, United Germany: Debating Processes and Prospects Reviewed by Louise K. Davidson-Schmich Nick Hodgin and Caroline Pearce, ed. The GDR Remembered:Representations of the East German State since 1989 Reviewed by Jennifer A. Yoder Andrew Demshuk, The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945-1970 Reviewed by Friederike Eigler Peter H. Merkl, Small Town & Village in Bavaria: The Passing of a Way of Life Reviewed by Joyce M. Mushaben Barbara Thériault, The Cop and the Sociologist. Investigating Diversity in German Police Forces Reviewed by Alexandra Schwell Clare Bielby, Violent Women in Print: Representations in the West German Print Media of the 1960s and 1970s Reviewed by Katharina Karcher Michael David-Fox, Peter Holquist, and Alexander M. Martin, ed., Fascination and Enmity: Russia and Germany as Entangled Histories, 1914-1945 Reviewed by Jennifer A. Yoder

scholarly journals ENSO and Wintertime Extreme Precipitation Events over the Contiguous United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried D. Schubert ◽  
Yehui Chang ◽  
Max J. Suarez ◽  
Philip J. Pegion
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
The West ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract In this study the authors examine the impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on precipitation events over the continental United States using 49 winters (1949/50–1997/98) of daily precipitation observations and NCEP–NCAR reanalyses. The results are compared with those from an ensemble of nine atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations forced with observed SST for the same time period. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the daily precipitation fields together with compositing techniques are used to identify and characterize the weather systems that dominate the winter precipitation variability. The time series of the principal components (PCs) associated with the leading EOFs are analyzed using generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions to quantify the impact of ENSO on the intensity of extreme precipitation events. The six leading EOFs of the observations are associated with major winter storm systems and account for more than 50% of the daily precipitation variability along the West Coast and over much of the eastern part of the country. Two of the leading EOFs (designated GC for Gulf Coast and EC for East Coast) together represent cyclones that develop in the Gulf of Mexico and occasionally move and/or redevelop along the East Coast producing large amounts of precipitation over much of the southern and eastern United States. Three of the leading EOFs represent storms that hit different sections of the West Coast (designated SW for Southwest coast, WC for the central West Coast, and NW for northwest coast), while another represents storms that affect the Midwest (designated by MW). The winter maxima of several of the leading PCs are significantly impacted by ENSO such that extreme GC, EC, and SW storms that occur on average only once every 20 years (20-yr storms) would occur on average in half that time under sustained El Niño conditions. In contrast, under La Niña conditions, 20-yr GC and EC storms would occur on average about once in 30 years, while there is little impact of La Niña on the intensity of the SW storms. The leading EOFs from the model simulations and their connections to ENSO are for the most part quite realistic. The model, in particular, does very well in simulating the impact of ENSO on the intensity of EC and GC storms. The main model discrepancies are the lack of SW storms and an overall underestimate of the daily precipitation variance.

scholarly journals Envisioning Climate Change Adaptation Futures Using Storytelling Workshops

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6630
Author(s):  
Rachel Harcourt ◽  
Wändi Bruine de Bruin ◽  
Suraje Dessai ◽  
Andrea Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Adaptation Planning ◽  
The West ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

Engaging people in preparing for inevitable climate change may help them to improve their own safety and contribute to local and national adaptation objectives. However, existing research shows that individual engagement with adaptation is low. One contributing factor to this might be that public discourses on climate change often seems dominated by overly negative and seemingly pre-determined visions of the future. Futures thinking intends to counter this by re-presenting the future as choice contingent and inclusive of other possible and preferable outcomes. Here, we undertook storytelling workshops with participants from the West Yorkshire region of the U.K. They were asked to write fictional adaptation futures stories which: opened by detailing their imagined story world, moved to events that disrupted those worlds, provided a description of who responded and how and closed with outcomes and learnings from the experience. We found that many of the stories envisioned adaptation as a here-and-now phenomenon, and that good adaptation meant identifying and safeguarding things of most value. However, we also found notable differences as to whether the government, local community or rebel groups were imagined as leaders of the responsive actions, and as to whether good adaptation meant maintaining life as it had been before the disruptive events occurred or using the disruptive events as a catalyst for social change. We suggest that the creative futures storytelling method tested here could be gainfully applied to support adaptation planning across local, regional and national scales.

scholarly journals The sportification of judo: global convergence and evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Sato
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Global Convergence ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Olympic Sport

AbstractThis article re-examines our understanding of modern sport. Today, various physical cultures across the world are practised under the name of sport. Almost all of these sports originated in the West and expanded to the rest of the world. However, the history of judo confounds the diffusionist model. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, a Japanese educationalist amalgamated different martial arts and established judo not as a sport but as ‘a way of life’. Today it is practised globally as an Olympic sport. Focusing on the changes in its rules during this period, this article demonstrates that the globalization of judo was accompanied by a constant evolution of its character. The overall ‘sportification’ of judo took place not as a diffusion but as a convergence – a point that is pertinent to the understanding of the global sportification of physical cultures, and also the standardization of cultures in modern times.

Exploring the motivations of tourism social entrepreneurs

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziene Mottiar
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Tourism Destinations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the motivations of social entrepreneurs. It explores the case of the Gathering in Ireland in 2013, when against a backdrop of recession, the national Government encouraged individuals and communities to organize events and invite the Diaspora to visit Ireland as a way of helping the country to revitalize. Some 5,000 events took place across the country during the year, and this paper examines this in the context of social entrepreneurship. Three research questions are posed: Who were these tourism and social entrepreneurs who organized events as a result of the Gathering? What motivated them to engage in these activities? Will this social entrepreneurship activity be maintained beyond 2013 and how has it been impacted by the Gathering? Design/methodology/approach The empirical research was conducted in two counties in Ireland, Co. Kerry and Co. Westmeath. The research tools used were key informant interviews, a survey of event organizers and focus groups. Findings Key findings show that the Gathering has resulted in the emergence of new social entrepreneurs, but it has also had a positive impact on those who had run their events before, as it made them be more strategic in the way they planned and ran their event and also resulted in them thinking about these events in terms of tourists rather than just the local community. They also developed new skills which will aid their future development. It is clear that social entrepreneurs can play a fundamental role in the development of tourism destinations, and this is an important topic for researchers in tourism to be concerned about. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in the fact that it addresses the issue of motivation of social entrepreneurs and challenges us to think more about how these types of entrepreneurs identify the problem that they will address. Furthermore, this case shows that the motivation for such action can be prompted by a national strategy, rather than as the literature heretofore represented it as an innate motivation that materialized and developed within particular individuals.

scholarly journals Cultural co-orientation revisited: The case of the South China Morning Post

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Wiebrecht
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Freedom Of Press ◽  
South China Morning ◽  
British Colony ◽  
The Media ◽  
Economic Considerations

The freedom of press is one aspect that leaders from the West often criticise about China. As former British colony, Hong Kong has been able to preserve its special status with constitutional rights and liberties that also include the freedom of press. However, in recent years, sentiments of increased influence from Beijing have led to fears that it would curb the freedoms enjoyed by residents of the Special Administrative Region. However, instead of clear unambiguous interferences, Beijing has opted for an indirect approach that is predominantly characterised by the salience of economic considerations in reporting news binding the media outlets closer to the position of Beijing. This article shows that the South China Morning Post has undergone an editorial shift that moves it closer to the position of the Chinese government.

scholarly journals [Gazi Husrev Beg: The Philantropist Who Develop Waqf in Sarajevo] Gazi Husrev Beg: Dermawan yang Membangunkan Wakaf di Sarajevo

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Nur Ainul Basyirah Alias ◽  
Ermy Azziaty Rozali
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The City ◽  
Commercial Center

Abstract This research is discuss about the important figure in the development of waqf in Sarajevo by the governor of Bosnia in the 16th century, Gazi Husrev Beg. His important role in developing the city of Sarajevo through his waqf institutions had a positive impact on the local community. Sarajevo, which was originally a small settlement changed into a well-organized city and a thriving trading center in the early 16th century. Although Gazi Husrev Beg was not a pioneer of waqf establishment in Sarajevo, but the development of the city of Sarajevo was seen to reach its peak after his waqf institution, especially the waqf complex and bezistan (closed market) began to be built. Therefore, this writing aims to examine the waqf of Gazi Husrev Beg in Sarajevo as well as look at the development of the city as a result of his waqf. The methodology of this research is focused on information obtained from library research such as books, journal articles, theses and websites. In addition, this study also obtained data from the Medrese Kurshumliya Museum which is a museum within the Gazi Husrev Beg waqf complex. Thus, the findings of this research identify that Gazi Husrev Beg had his own waqf complex as commonly did by the Ottoman rulers in Anatolia. In addition to establishing waqf institutions, he and his wife, Shahdidar also provided loans to businessmen through the money invested by them, subsequently setting the interest for each loan at the rate allowed by the fatwa of the Ottoman mufti. Through the benefits of the loan, it is change into cash waqf to be channeled for building maintenance and payment of salaries for employees at the waqf institution with the existence of this waqf building, the city of Sarajevo developed into an important administrative and commercial center throughout the era of Ottoman rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Keywords: Gazi Husrev Beg, Ottoman Sarajevo, waqf history, waqf complex   Abstrak   Kajian ini membincangkan berkaitan tokoh penting dalam pembangunan wakaf di Sarajevo oleh gabenor Bosnia pada abad ke-16M, iaitu Gazi Husrev Beg. Peranan penting beliau dalam memajukan bandar Sarajevo melalui institusi wakaf miliknya memberikan impak yang positif kepada masyarakat tempatan. Sarajevo yang pada awalnya merupakan penempatan kecil berubah landskap menjadi sebuah bandar yang tersusun dan pusat perdagangan yang pesat bermula awal abad ke-16M. Walaupun Gazi Husrev Beg bukanlah pelopor kepada pembinaan wakaf di Sarajevo, tetapi kemajuan bandar Sarajevo dilihat mencapai kemuncaknya setelah institusi wakaf beliau terutamanya kompleks wakaf serta bezistan (pasar tertutup) mula dibina. Oleh yang demikian, penulisan ini bertujuan untuk meneliti wakaf Gazi Husrev Beg di Sarajevo serta melihat pembangunan bandar tersebut hasil wakaf beliau. Metodologi kajian ini adalah tertumpu kepada maklumat yang didapati daripada kajian kepustakaan seperti buku, artikel jurnal, tesis dan laman sesawang. Selain itu, kajian ini juga mendapatkan data daripada Muzium medrese Kurshumliya, iaitu sebuah muzium di dalam kompleks wakaf Gazi Husrev Beg. Justeru, dapatan kajian mengenal pasti bahawa Gazi Husrev Beg mempunyai kompleks wakafnya sendiri seperti mana yang biasa dilakukan oleh pemerintah ‘Uthmaniyyah di Anatolia. Selain menubuhkan institusi wakaf, beliau dan juga isterinya, Shahdidar turut memberikan pinjaman kepada para ahli perniagaan melalui wang yang dilaburkan oleh mereka, seterusnya menetapkan faedah bagi setiap pinjaman dengan kadar yang dibenarkan oleh fatwa mufti kerajaan ‘Uthmaniyyah. Melalui faedah pinjaman tersebut, ia dijadikan wakaf tunai untuk disalurkan untuk penyelenggaraan bangunan dan pembayaran gaji para pekerja di institusi wakafnya. Dengan kewujudan bangunan wakaf ini, bandar Sarajevo berkembang menjadi pusat pentadbiran dan perdagangan yang penting di sepanjang era pemerintahan ‘Uthmaniyyah di Bosnia dan Herzegovina. Kata kunci: Gazi Husrev Beg, Sarajevo era ‘Uthmani, Sejarah wakaf, Kompleks wakaf

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