scholarly journals INITIATION OF GRAPE (VITIS VINIFERA L.) ON DIFFERENT STERILIZATION TECHNIQUES

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ratu Mentari Dewi ◽  
Ramal Yusuf ◽  
Sri Anjar Lasmini ◽  
Hawalina Hawalina
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

The most crucial step during the development of tissue culture is the method of explant sterilization. Especially, explants is sourced directly from fields that were more susceptible to microbial contaminations. This study aimed to obtain sterilization technique  from several sterilant for reduced contamination and support growth of shoots grape in vitro. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako, during January to April 2018. The study used a factorial completely randomized design, one factor was tested i.e S1 = Taft 8,3 g/L (0,1% carbendazim), S2 =  taft 25 g/L (0,3% carbendazim),  S3 = taft 41,67 g/L (0,5% carbendazim), S4 = Taft 8,3 g/L (0,1% carbendazim) + HgCl2 0,1%, S5  = Taft 25 gr/L (0,3% carbendazim) + HgCl2 0,1% dan S6 = 41,67 gr/L  (0,5% carbendazim) + HgCl2 0,1 %. There were six treatment and each treatment was replicated three times to obtain 18 experimental units. Each experimental unit using two explant. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and followed by Honestly Significant Difference test at level of 5% if the treatment effects were significant. The results showed sterilization technique using taft 41,67 gram / L containing 0.5% carbendazim for 30 minutes, followed by 70% alcohol for 30 seconds and HgCl2 0,1% for 10 minutes gave free contamination for explant.whereas, Taft 8.3 g / L (Carb 0.1%) for 30 min, followed by 70% alcohol for 30 seconds is a sterilization technique that does not inhibit explant growth as indicated from the most callus formation.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN 2,4-D UNTUK INDUKSI KALUS KLON KAKAO UNGGUL SULAWESI 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulianti Rasud ◽  
Moh. Habil ◽  
Tony Tony
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

ABSTRACT The multiplication of cocoa clones in conventional Sulawesi has not yet been able to fulfill the demand for large quantities of seeds because it is limited by the number of shoots and branches ready to be tapped, connected and oculated and takes longer to produce large quantities of seeds. One alternative in overcoming this problem is plant proragation using tussue culture techniques.  The aim of this experiment was to determine the appropriate of 2,4-D for callus induction of superior cocoa clones Sulawesi via in vitro culture.  This experiment used Completely Randomized Design with five treatments, namely 0.50 ppm 2,4-D, 0.75 ppm 2,4-D, 1.00 ppm 2,4-D, 1.25 ppm 2,4-D and 1.50 ppm 2,4-D.  Parameters observed consisted of the time, percentage, color and texture of calli.  Data was analized by using analysis of variance and differences between mean treatments were determined by Honestly Significant Difference Test at 5% level.  Results of this experiment indicated that the ability of different callus induction at various concentrations of 2,4-D for superior cocoa clones in Sulawesi 1 was tried.  it was obtained the quickest callus formation at concentration 0.50ppm 2,4-D namely average 4.22 WAC with the percentage of callus formation was up to 99,33%. Keywords: Callus Induction, Clones Sulawesi 1, 2,4-D ABSTRAK Perbanyakan klon kakao Sulawesi secara konvensional saat ini belum dapat memenuhi permintaan bibit dalam jumlah besar karena sangat dibatasi oleh jumlah tunas dan cabang yang siap disetek, disambung, dan diokulasi serta dibutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama untuk menghasilkan bibit dalam jumlah besar. Salah satu alternatif dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah perbanyakan tanaman dengan menggunakan teknik kultur jaringan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh protokol yang tepat dalam menginduksi kalus sebagai upaya awal dalam perbanyakan tanaman kakao melalui embryogenesis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 level perlakuan yaitu 0,50 ppm 2,4-D, 0,75 ppm 2,4-D, 1,00 ppm 2,4-D, 1,25 ppm 2,4-D dan 1,50 ppm 2,4-D. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap saat muncul kalus, persentase eksplan berkalus, warna kalus dan tekstur kalus.  Data diolah dengan analisis ragam dan perbedaan antar perlakuan ditentukan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan induksi kalus berbeda pada berbagai konsentrasi 2,4-D untuk klon kakao unggul Sulawesi 1 yang dicobakan. Saat muncul kalus paling cepat diperoleh pada konsentrasi 0,5 ppm 2,4-D yaitu rata-rata 16,67 HST dengan persentase pembentukan kalus tertinggi mencapai 99,33%.  Selanjutnya, warna dan tekstur kalus yang dihasilkan yaitu remah putih dan remah kecoklatan. Kata Kunci: Induksi Kalus, Klon Sulawesi 1, 2,4-D.

scholarly journals INDUKSI TUNAS JERUK SIAM DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BENZIL AMINO PURINE (BAP) SECARA IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Yulianti Rasud ◽  
Hairil Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Medium Culture

The aims of this experiments was to evaluate the appropriate concentration of BAP for shoots induction of orange via in vitro culture. This experiment was conducted in Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University from Mei to August 2017.  This experiment used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments, namely 0.5 ppm BAP, 1.0 ppm BAP, 1.5 ppm BAP, 2.0 ppm and 2.5 ppm..  Data was analyzed using analysis of variance and differences between means of the treatments were determined by Honestly Significant Difference test at 5% level.  Results of this experiment indicated that the most suitable concentration of BAP for the shoots induction of orange was the medium culture supplemented with 0.5 ppm BAP. In such medium composition, the quickest and the highest number of shoot formation was obtained as well as the highest number of leaf formation at 6 weeks after culture, namely 3.02 days after culture, 1.52 shoots and 2.40 leaves per explant, respectively.

scholarly journals UJI PENGGUNAAN BERBAGAI MEDIA TUMBUH DAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK GROWMORE PADA AKLIMATISASI TANAMAN ANGGREK Dendrobium

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
GUSTI MARLINA ◽  
MARLINDA MARLINDA ◽  
HENI ROSNETI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

The research objective was determine the effect of various growth media and growmore fertilizer on the acclimatization of Dendrobium orchids. study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial consisting of 2 factors, the first is (M) of growing media which consists of 3 levels, namely: M1 (medium fern root), M2 (wood charcoal medium), M3 (coir media coconut) and the second is (G) growmore fertilizer which consists of 4 levels, namely: G0 (without Growmore fertilizer), G1 (Growmore fertilizer 2 g / liter), G2 (fertilizer Growmore 4 g / liter), G3 (Growmore fertilizer 6 g / liter). Determine the growth of orchid plants, observations were made with the following parameters Growth Percentage (%), Plant Height (cm), Number of leaves (strands), and Number of tillers (stems). Data obtained were analyzed statistically, then continued with the Honestly Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the level of 5%. The results showed that the single treatment of the use of growing media did not have a significant effect on the parameters of observation of growth percentage (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems). The growth of growmore fertilizer also did not show a significant effect on the parameters of observation of growth percentage (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems). Interaction of the use of various growth media and growmore fertilizer did not show a significant effect on the percentage of growth (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and number of tillers (stems).

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Planlet Nenas (Ananas comosusL. Merr.) Varietas Smooth Cayenne Hasil Kultur In Vitro pada Beberapa Konsentrasi BAP dan Umur Plantlet

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Ramadhani Dwi Santoso ◽  
. Sobir
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Error Level ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

<p style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this research is to study the effects of synthetic cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine/BAP) treatments on two groups of pineapple (Ananas comosusL.Merr.) plantlets differentiated by plantlet ages. The research used the Factorial Experiment on Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors, which are BAP concentrations (0 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 75 ppm) and plantlet division by age grouping (52 days and 69 days), with three replications. It was then followed by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference Test at error level of 5%. The results show that BAP treatments with the concentration used in this research significantly inhibits the growth of pineapple plantlets observed on four variables (number of leaves, leave length, plantlet height, and plantlet diameter), while age grouping treatments didn’t show any significant effects, except on the plantlet height at 8 and 14 weeks after treatment. There are also treatment-related interactions which significantly affects the number of leaves and plantlet height. It was then suggested that lower concentrations of cytokinin are required if similar research is to be conducted in the future.</p><p>Keywords : pineapple, post-acclimatization, propagation, 6-benzylaminopurine</p>

scholarly journals KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING, RETENSI NITROGEN DAN ENERGI METABOLIS RANSUM AYAM PEDAGING YANG MENGGUNAKAN TEPUNG LIMBAH LABU KUNING (Cucurbita moschata)

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Ryan Hendrik Herryanto ◽  
Jet S. Mandey ◽  
Ivonne M. Untu ◽  
Cathrien A. Rahasia
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test ◽  
Basal Ration

DIGESTIBILITY OF DRY MATTER, NITROGEN RETENTION AND METABOLIC ENERGY IN RATION OF BROILERS USING YELLOW PUMPKIN MEAL (Cucurbita moschata). Research was conducted to evaluate digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen retention and metabolic energy corrected to nitrogen in ration of broilers using yellow pumpkin meal (Cucurbita moschata). The total of 20 unsexed broilers of CP 707 strain at age of 5 weeks old with the average body weight of 1073 grams were used in this study. The completely randomized design involving 4 treatments and 5 replications in each treatment was applied at the experimental unit. The significant treatments were tested using honestly significant difference test. The treatments were including 100% basal ration without yellow pumpkin meal (R0), 95% basal ration added with 5% yellow pumpkin meal (R1), 90% basal ration added with 10% yellow pumpkin meal (R2), and 85% basal ration added with 15% yellow pumpkin meal (R3). Results of analysis of variance showed that treatments significantly affected (P<0,05) nitrogen retention value, but did not significantly affected (P>0,05) dry matter digestibility and metabolic energy corrected to nitrogen in ration. Based on honestly significant difference test, treatments of R0, R1 and R2 were higher compared with R3. Among treatments of R0, R1 and R2 were not significantly different. Therefore, it can be concluded that yellow pumpkin meal (Cucurbita moschata) was potential to be the alternative material ingredient up to 15 percents in ration of broilers based on digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen retention and metabolic energy. Key Words: Broiler, Dry matter, Metabolic energy, Nitrogen retention, Yellow pumpkin meal.

scholarly journals KECERNAAN IN VITRO SILASE SAMPAH SAYUR DAN DAUN GAMAL MENGGUNAKAN MIKROORGANISME RUMEN KAMBING

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Indrayani Indrayani ◽  
Harapin Hafid ◽  
Dian Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter level waste silage mixed vegetables and Gliricidia leaves were tested in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Each of these treatments is R0 (Gliricidia leaves 100%), R1 (Gliricidia leaves 70% + 30% silage vegetable waste), and R2 (Gliricidia leaves 40% + 60% silage vegetable waste). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further testing using the test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). The results of ANOVA showed that the mixture of vegetable waste silage was highly significant (p <0.05) on dry matter digestibility and significantly (p <0.05) on the digestibility of organic matter. It can be concluded that the mixed of vegetable waste silage and Gliricidia leaves can improved digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, treatment of 40% and 60% Gliricidia leaves plus waste vegetable produce silage dry matter digestibility and percentage of organic matter is best (72,24% and 68,19%).Keyword: Silage vegetable waste, gliricidia leaves, dry and organic matter digestibilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenaan bahan kering dan bahan organik tingkat campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal yang diuji secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan tersebut ialah R0 (daun gamal 100%), R1 (daun gamal 70% + silase sampah sayur 30%), dan R2 (daun gamal 40% + silase sampah sayur 60%). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa campuran silase sampah sayur berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan organik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal dapat meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, perlakuan 40% daun gamal dan 60% silase sampah sayur menghasilkan persentase kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik yang terbaik yaitu (72,24% dan 68,19%).Kata kunci : Silase sampah sayur, daun gamal, kecernaan bahan kering, dan bahan organik.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY TYPE AND FIRM SIZE ON EXPORT BARRIERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Ramos SILVA ◽  
Mário FRANCO ◽  
André MAGRINHO
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Industry Effect ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Export Barriers ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

This study aims to explore the importance of export barriers and to achieve this by comparing different industry types and firm sizes. We performed a cross-sectional study of 529 Portuguese export firms drawn from the database held by a Portuguese Industrial Association – Business Confederation. From multivariate analysis of variance and the Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test, we conclude that the more important export barriers mentioned by the firms proved more external than internal. Our results also show that the service and retail trade sectors were the sectors reporting the greatest peculiarities regarding export barriers. Thus, we identify an “industry effect” as regards export barriers even while our findings do not indicate any “size effect”. Knowing the industry-specific export barriers enables companies not only to better coordinate and perform export processes but also to better anticipate the behaviour of their competitors. Other practical and theoretical implications will also be presented.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Komposit Bioplastik Dalam Variasi Rasio Pati Umbi Talas (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)-Kitosan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Oktaviani Simarmata ◽  
Amna Hartiati ◽  
Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

This research aims to know the effect of variations in the ratio of taro-chitosan tuber starch to the characteristics of bioplastic composites and determine the ratio of taro-chitosan tuber starch that produces the best bioplastic composites. This research uses a Factorial Randomized Block design with taro-chitosan tuber starch ratio variation factor in  five level (40: 60%, 35: 65%, 30: 70%, 25: 75% and 20: 80%). The treatments which grouped into 3 based on the time of making bioplastics, so there are 15 experimental units. The observed variables which tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus young, swelling development, biodegradation and FTIR test. The obtained data were analyzed for diversity and continued with the Honestly Significant Difference test. The results showed that the variation of the taro-chitosan tuber starch ratio significantly affected the tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus young, and swelling development but did not significantly affected the biodegradation of the bioplastic composites of taro-chitosan tuber starch. Variation of taro-chitosan tuber starch ratio 35: 65% produces the best bioplastic composite characteristics with tensile strength values 3.15 MPa, elongation at break 21.33%, modulus young of 14.87 MPa, swelling development test 29.69% and biodagradation ability for 13 days. FTIR analysis results show the presence of hydroxyl (O-H) alcoholic groups, (O-H) Carboxylic acid, (C = O) esters, (C - H) alkana,  (C=C) alkena , and hydrocarbons - (CH2) n.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes)TERFERMENTASI DALAM RANSUM ITIK TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING DAN BAHAN ORGANIK

ZOOTEC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Ronald Rompas ◽  
B Tulung ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
M Regar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Difference Test

ABSTRACT UTILIZATION OF FERMENTED WATER HYACINTH (Eichhornia crassipes) IN DUCK DIETS ON DRY MATTER AND ORGANIC MATTER DIGESTIBILITY.The study aimed to determine the use of fermented water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) (FWH) in duck dietson dry matter and organic matter digestibility. This study was carried out for three weeks using 20 crossbred ducks of Mojosari and Alabio (MA), 8 weeks of age. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were R0 (0% FWH), R1 (10% FWH), R2 (20% FWH), R3 (30% FWH), R4 (40% FWH). Results showed that treatments was highly significant (P<0.01) affectedto dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Honestly significant difference test (HSD) on dry matter digestibility showed that there were no significant between treatment R0 (70.85%), R1 (71.08%), R2 (70,47%) and R4 (69.47%). The R3 diet was significantly higher than R4, but was not significantlydifferentbetween R0 and R1. The HSDtest on organic matter digestibility showed that there was no significant difference between R3 (76 27) and R0 (75.30%), R1 (75.43%) and R2 (775,17%), but R3 was significantly higher than R4 (74.13%). There were no significant differencebetween  R0, R1, R2, and R4 diets. It can be concluded that fermented water hyacinth reach can be used till 30% in duck diet substituted to rice bran. Keywords:Fermented water hyacinth, Digestibility,Dry matter, Organic matter

Immobilizing Bactericides on Dental Resins via Electron Beam Irradiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110265
Author(s):  
P. Thongthai ◽  
H. Kitagawa ◽  
Y. Iwasaki ◽  
S. Noree ◽  
R. Kitagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pmma Resin ◽  
Difference Test ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference Test

Polymerizable bactericides, such as quaternary ammonium compound–based monomers, have been intensively studied as candidates for immobilizing antibacterial components on dental resin. However, they predominantly exhibit a bacteriostatic behavior, rather than bactericidal, as the immobilized components are left with insufficient molecular movement to disrupt the bacterial surface structure through contact-mediated action. In this study, we developed a novel strategy to increase the density of the immobilized bactericide and enhance its antibacterial/antibiofilm properties by combining a surface-grafting technique with electron beam irradiation. A solution of the quaternary ammonium compound–based monomer, 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB), was coated on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin specimens at the concentrations of 30, 50, and 80 wt%. The coated resins were subsequently exposed to 10 MeV of electron beam irradiation at 50 and 100 kGy, followed by thermal stabilization at 60 °C. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by inoculating a Streptococcus mutans suspension on the coated PMMA resin samples, which exhibited bactericidal effects even after 28 d of aging ( P < 0.05, Tukey’s honestly significant difference test). Transmission electron microscopy and bacteriolytic activity evaluation revealed that the S. mutans cells had sustained membrane depolarization. Furthermore, the antibiofilm effects against S. mutans and bacteria collected from human saliva were assessed. The thickness and the percentage of membrane-intact cells of the S. mutans and multispecies biofilms formed on the MDPB-immobilized surfaces were significantly lower than the uncoated PMMA specimens, even after 28-d aging ( P < 0.05, Tukey’s honestly significant difference test). Thus, the immobilization of antibacterial MDPB via electron beam irradiation induced rapid membrane depolarization, increasing membrane permeability and eventually causing cell death. Our strategy substantially enhances the antibacterial properties of the resinous materials and inhibits biofilm formation, therefore demonstrating significant potential for preventing infectious diseases in the oral environment.

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