scholarly journals Prognostic Significance of Ischemia-Modified Albumin Levels in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melis Yağdıran ◽  
Ebru Sengul Parlak ◽  
H.Canan Hasanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Ischemia Modified Albumin ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important public health problem because of its high morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Many biomarkers have been used to determine the severity and prognosis of pneumonia. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a marker of the recently used oxidant-antioxidant mechanism and has been found to increase in many inflammatory conditions. Objectives: To investigate the role of the levels of IMA in CAP and to evaluate its relationship with pneumonia severity. Methods: A total of 150 patients with a diagnosis of CAP and 150 healthy individuals were included in the study. IMA levels were evaluated in both groups. The patients with CAP were divided into ambulatory, ward and intensive care groups, and their IMA levels were compared. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age or gender (p > 0.05 for both). No significant difference was observed in the IMA levels of the patient and control groups (p ˃ 0.05). The lowest IMA level was observed in the ambulatory group (p = 0.001). When the patients in the ambulatory and hospitalized (ward and intensive care together) groups were evaluated, the cut-off value of IMA was 77.60 ABSU, sensitivity was 64.9%, specificity was 75.0%, positive predictive value was 89.2%, and negative predictive value was 40.3%. Conclusion: In the management of patients with CAP, IMA seems to be a useful marker for CAP severity and hospitalization decision. Keywords: Community-acquired pneumonia, ischemia-modified albumin, biomarker

scholarly journals Estudio Descriptivo: Variación del Índice de Tiempo de Aceleración/Tiempo de Eyección Sistólico del Tronco de la Arteria Pulmonar por Efecto de Maduración Pulmonar con Corticoides en Fetos Prematuros. Clínica Humanitaria. Cuenca – Ecuador, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Angélica del Rosario Murillo Aguirre ◽  
Mariana Eulalia Gaybor Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Ejection Time ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Acceleration Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

BACKGROUND: Premature birth represents an important public health problem worldwide and especially in developing countries. In Ecuador (2014), the infant mortality rate reached 8.35 deaths per 1 000 births and their main causes were newborns respiratory distress and gestation period short-term disorders. METHODS: This is an observational longitudinal descriptive research; it was performed in a convenience sample that included 26 singlet on pregnant women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. They also were on risk of preterm delivery and had indication of lung maturation with corticosteroids. Information of the fetal pulmonary arteries flow was collected to determine the effect of corticosteroids in pulmonary maturation. RESULTS: Mean age was 25.64 years and had an average gestation of 31.2 weeks. Most common diseases were preterm labor threat (72 %) and premature rupture of membranes (13.9 %). There was a statistically significant difference between the values of Acceleration Time / Ejection Time indexes before and after lung maturation (0.272 ms vs. 0.310 ms respectively; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of Acceleration Time / Ejection Time indexes from the trunk of the pulmonary arteries before and after lung maturation evidenced an important significant difference. The findings suggest that pulmonary maturation with corticosteroids is effective to improve the pulmonary arteries flow of preterm fetus.

Radiographically Confirmed Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients Prior to Pneumococcal Vaccination in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 057-062
Author(s):  
Dhruba Shrestha ◽  
Ganendra Raya ◽  
Amar Prajapati ◽  
Suruchi Dhaubhadel ◽  
Sushmita Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Admission ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Rural Nepal

Background The massive burden of pediatric pneumonia is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries where immunization programs are absent or recently been implemented. The objective of this study was to describe the number of hospitalizations and outcomes of children aged 1 month to 10 years with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2015, in semi-rural Nepal. Methods This retrospective study was undertaken prior to the implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) program in Bhaktapur district of Nepal. Chart review of children with CAP, defined as the presence of symptoms, physical examination findings compatible with bacterial pneumonia together with lobar consolidation on chest X-ray (CXR), was performed. Data extracted included laboratory parameters and blood cultures on admission, antibiotic treatment, and length of hospital stay, as well as complications, such as death, intensive care unit admission, pleural effusion, and empyema. Outcomes assessed were clinical improvement accompanied by radiological improvement of consolidation. Results During the study period, 367 patients were admitted with pneumonia, of which, 74 (20%) had definite CXR evidence of lobar pneumonia. A total of 86.5% of the cases were children < 5 years of age. Admission blood cultures from all patients were negative. More than 80% of patients had white blood cell (WBC) counts >11,000/mm3 and ≥ 75% neutrophils. The highest number of cases presented between February and July. Forty-three of 45 patients responded to crystalline penicillin (CP), and 25/27 patients treated with cefotaxime also responded; the mean duration of treatment was 10 ± 2.3 days. There were no deaths. None of the patients developed empyema, sepsis, or pleural effusion or required intensive care unit admission. Conclusions CAP in pre-PCV semi-rural Nepal mostly affects male children < 5 years old and peaks between March and May. In-hospital treatment with CP or cefotaxime is effective.

scholarly journals The Predictive Value of Vessels Encapsulating Tumor Clusters in Treatment Optimization for Recurrent Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yuan Chen ◽  
Zhi-Xing Guo ◽  
Liang-He Lu ◽  
Jie Mei ◽  
Wen-Ping Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Optimization ◽  
Initial Hepatectomy ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background. The vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) pattern is an effective predictor of survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection. The predictive value of VETC in recurrent early-stage HCC remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of VETC in patients with recurrent early-stage HCC after repeat hepatic resection (RHR) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods. From December 2005 to December 2016, 138 patients who underwent RHR and 188 patients who underwent RFA were enrolled. VETC was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for CD34. The survival outcomes of treatment for patients with or without the VETC pattern was investigated. Results. Among VETC-positive HCC patients, 50 patients underwent RHR, and 69 patients underwent RFA; among VETC-negative HCC patients, 88 patients underwent RHR, and 119 patients underwent RFA. There was no significant difference between the RHR and RFA groups in disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) as determined by univariate analysis of the whole cohort. In the subgroup analysis of the VETC-positive cohort, the patients in the RHR group had a longer median DFS time compared to those in the RFA group (15.0 vs 5.0 months, P=0.001). Similarly, the patients in the RHR group had a longer median OS time compared to those in the RFA group (39.5 vs 19 months, P=0.001). In the VETC-negative cohort, there was no significant difference in DFS and OS rates between the RHR and RFA groups (P>0.05).Conclusions. The results of our study suggested that RHR was relatively safe and superior to RFA in improving survival outcomes for recurrent early-stage HCC after initial hepatectomy. Furthermore, the VETC pattern may represent a reliable marker for selecting HCC patients who may benefit from RHR.

scholarly journals Investigation the levels of endotoxin and 8-OHdG in sera of patients with H.pyloripositive peptic ulcer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihayet Bayraktar ◽  
İslim Guler ◽  
Ismail Koyuncu ◽  
Mehmet Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
H Pylori

Background and aim: Peptic ulcer is considered an important public health problem and generally associated with complicated conditions such as bleeding and perforation. The aim of this study is to reflect the rate of oxidative damage in the body among patients with H. pylori positive peptic ulcer by measuring serum 8-hydroxy-2p-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and its association with the level of bacterial endotoxin. Methods Patients applied to Harran University Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic with dyspeptic complaints were enrolled in this study. According to gastrointestinal endoscopy findings, 43 patients with H.pylori positive peptiv ulcer patients and 43 healthy volunteers were included in this study. H.pylori diagnosis was detemined by H.pylori urea breath and stool antigen tests. Serum 8-OHdG and endotoxins were measued by ELISA. Results A total of 43 patients with peptic ulcer (13 females 30 males), 43 healthy individuals (16 females 27 males) ages (18- 70) years in the study. In biopsies taken endoscopically; Hp severity was mild in 19 patients (43.9%), moderate in 21 patients (48.5%), and severe in 3 patients (7.6%). 8-OHdG which has the potential to mark DNA damage level in serum samples of patients with H.pylori positive peptic ulcer, was compared with the healthy and patient group. It was observed that there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.01). In addition, a weak correlation was found between OHdG and endotoxin. Conclusion: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced due to increased endotoxin as a result of H. pylıori infection can attack nucleic acid in infected cells resulting in an increased in serum 8-OHdG level. H.pylori and its endotoxin had a significant in peptic ulcer pathogensis.

scholarly journals The impact of using BASNEF model on self-control behaviors among Patients with hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Moradali Zareipour ◽  
Mousa Ghelichi Ghojogh ◽  
Masoumeh Mahdi-akhgar ◽  
Sarvin Abbasi ◽  
Nooshin Yoshany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: High blood pressure is the most important public health problem in developed countries. It is one reason for early mortality and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases like stroke and kidney failure. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on BASNEF in blood pressure control in 1395.Methods and Materials: This study was a quasi-experimental study on 160 patients in two groups (each n = 80) suffering from hypertension in urban health centers of Urmia. Data collection questionnaire included: demographic questions, knowledge base questions, self-control behaviors questions and structures of  BASNEF model. Validity and reliability were respectively 80% and 79%. Intervention group had taken three 45 minutes sessions using speeches, questions and answers, posters, booklets, pamphlets and whiteboard. Before training, information collected through questionnaires and after training questionnaires were completed again after 3 months. The data were analyzed in SPSS software with chi-square tests, Fisher, independent and paired sample t-test.Results: The average age of case and control group were  99.11 ± 01.56 and 75.12 ± 66.53 years. That there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.1). After intervention average systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in the intervention group from 43.157 to 24.147 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased from 21.93 to 52.87 mm Hg (P <0.05)Conclusion:  The training program using BASNEF model has provided better results in controlling blood pressure than conventional trainings.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN TINGKAT DEPRESI PADA PENDERITA PENYAKIT JANTUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggraini Dwi Kurnia ◽  
Nikmatus Sholikhah
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Depression Level

Cardiovascular disease is important public health problem because of high morbidity and mortality rate. Reviewed from financial aspect, due to high of duration of treatment, the cost, and supporting investigation of disease. Not only those, but also depends on initial treatment of disease. One of the way to control risk factors of heart disease (cardiovascular) is performing regular physical activity. The purpose of this study is to know relationship between physical activity with and depression level in patients with heart disease. Cross sectional study design, the population is patient with heart disease who attended cardiovascular outpatient clinic, sample includes 20 respondents was taken with accidental sampling for 1 week. IPAQ-HDRS questionnaire used as research instrument. Statistical test used Spearman Rank P <0.05. The results showed correlation value of -0.522 and significance value of P 0.018.There was a correlation between physical activity and depression level as negative correlation strength, that higher physical activity level had lower depression level in patien with heart disease, and vice versa. There is a relationship be There is a relationship between physical activity and depression level in patient with heart disease in cardiovascular outpatient clinic. Keywords: Patients with Heart Disease, depression, physical activity Abstrak : Penyakit jantung (kardiovaskuler)merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting karena morbiditas dan mortalitasnya yang tinggi.Ditinjau dari segi pembiayaan, akibat waktu perawatan biaya pengobatan penyakit jantung, serta pemeriksaan penunjangnya tentu tidak sedikit.Belum lagi keberhasilan pengobatan sangat bergantung kepada kecepatan penanganan penyakit. Salah satu cara untuk mengendalikan faktor faktor resiko terjadinya penyakit jantung (kardiovaskuler) adalah melakukan aktifitas fisik secara rutin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tingkat depresi pada penderita penyakit jantung.Desain penelitian cross sectional, populasi penderita penyakit jantung di poli jantung, besar sampel 20 responden diambil dengan accidental sampling selama 1 minggu. Instrument penelitian menggunakan kuesioner IPAQ-HDRS. Uji Statistik menggunakan Spearman Rank P<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai korelasi -0,522 dan nilai signifikansi P 0,018. Terdapat hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tingkat depresi dengan kekuatan korelasi negatif, artinya semakin tinggi aktivitas fisik maka semakin rendah tingkat depresi pada penderita penyakit jantung, dan sebaliknya.Terdapat hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tingkat depresi pada penderita penyakit jantung. Kata Kunci :Penderita Penyakit Jantung , depresi, aktivitas fisik.

scholarly journals Prevalence of COVID symptoms, their severity and duration: a gender based analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4463
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar Mishra ◽  
Chhaya Mittal ◽  
Tanveer Bano ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Ganesh Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Based

Background: COVID -19 is the most important public health problem of recent time. Approximately (60%) of those infected develop symptoms. Study is needed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms, their severity and duration, secondary attack rate and COVID-19 appropriate behaviour for prevention and control of infection. The aim was to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms, secondary attack rate and COVID-19 appropriate behaviour of infected person.Methods: Present cross sectional study was done among patients who recovered from COVID-19 in Meerut district. After obtaining mobile numbers of patients, they were asked about their experience about pre-COVID, COVID and post-COVID period. Total 100 patients were contacted using simple random sampling and information was collected on predesigned Google form.Results: Out of total respondents 98% developed one or more symptoms. Fever was reported to be most common problem (72%) followed by body ache (62%). Most classified their symptoms as mild and moderate (36% and 43% respectively). There was no statistically significant difference for duration and severity of illness based on gender. While 21% categorized their symptoms as severe and very severe. All 100% patients followed COVID-19 appropriate behaviour post infection frequent hand washing and use of sanitizer being the most common behaviour (79%). Other commonly followed COVID-19 appropriate behaviours were use of face mask (68%), maintaining distance of more than 6 feet (65%).Conclusions: COVID-19 symptoms are common among patients but are usually less severe. Most of the patients are following COVID-19 appropriate behaviour to lessen burden of infection to others. Results also highlight the need of early testing to reduce infection in family members.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Dengue among Kuantan Medical Campus Students of International Islamic University of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Zubaidah Binti Mohamad Zamri ◽  
Nor Azlina A Rahman ◽  
Mainul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Dengue has become an important public health problem in the world. It is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquito. The understanding the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the general community on dengue prevention are helpful to give information for good strategic planning and engaged the community with dengue control. The knowledge on preventive measures in dengue is important to decrease the mortality rate, but the implementation of knowledge among individuals to reduce dengue is still an issue. Study Objectives: This study aims to examine the KAP regarding dengue among IIUM Kuantan students. Besides that, this study also aims to find the factors associated with KAP of dengue and to assess the relationship between KAPs regarding dengue among IIUM Kuantan students. Methods: This study used cross-sectional study, and 135 respondents were selected by using convenience sampling method. The questionnaire consists of 67 questions which were divided into four parts (socio-demographic characteristic, knowledge regarding dengue, the attitude of dengue and practice on prevention of dengue). In this study, to evaluate the KAP of dengue among students in IIUM Kuantan. Independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson test were used to find all related factors influencing KAP of dengue. Results: This study shows that the level of KAP of dengue among students in IIUM Kuantan was relatively high. All the respondents have very good level of KAP towards dengue prevention, symptoms and transmission. There was a significant difference in attitude among marital statuses (p=0.004). The students from FOM had better knowledge (p=<0.001) as compared to FOD and better attitude scores than KOP (p=0.001). This study also depicted that dengue knowledge-attitude towards dengue prevention was significantly correlated (p=0.005). Conclusion: the KAP regarding dengue among IIUM Kuantan students was good. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(2) 2020 p.245-253

scholarly journals Influence of Sedation Level and Ventilation Status on the Diagnostic Validity of Delirium Screening Tools in the ICU—An International, Prospective, Bi-Center Observational Study (IDeAS)

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Flavio E. Nacul ◽  
Nicolas Paul ◽  
Claudia D. Spies ◽  
Henriette Sechting ◽  
Thomas Hecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and objectives: The use of delirium screening instruments (DSIs) is recommended in critical care practice for a timely detection of delirium. We hypothesize that the patient-related factors “level of sedation” and “mechanical ventilation” impact test validity of DSIs. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, bi-center observational study (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01720914). Critically ill patients were screened for delirium daily for up to seven days after enrollment using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC), Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC), and Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Reference standard for delirium diagnosis was the neuropsychiatric examination using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Immediately before delirium assessment, ventilation status and sedation levels were documented. Results: 160 patients were enrolled and 151 patients went into final analysis. Delirium incidence was 23.2%. Nu-DESC showed a sensitivity and specificity of 88.5%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 71.9%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.8%. ICDSC had a sensitivity of 62.5%, a specificity of 92.4%, a PPV of 71.4%, and a NPV of 89.0%. CAM-ICU showed a sensitivity of 75.0%, a specificity of 94.7%, a PPV of 85.7%, and a NPV of 90.0%. For Nu-DESC and ICDSC, test validity was significantly better for non-sedated patients (Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) 0/−1), whereas test validity for CAM-ICU in a severity scale version showed no significant differences for different sedation levels. No DSI showed a significant difference in test validity between noninvasively and invasively ventilated patients. Conclusions: Test validities of DSIs were comparable to previous studies. The observational scores ICDSC and Nu-DESC showed a significantly better performance in awake and drowsy patients (RASS 0/−1) when compared with other sedation levels. Physicians should refrain from sedation whenever possible to avoid suboptimal performance of DSIs.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Levels of University Students About Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Murat Dicle ◽  
Suleyman Gorpelioglu ◽  
Cenk Aypak
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
University Students ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
And Behaviors

Aim: The aim of this study is to reveal the knowledge, attitude and behaviors of the university students about Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Methods: This study was done among 1048 students from different faculties of five different universities in Ankara, was carried out between October 2012 and July 2013. A questionnaire was prepared by the authors by rewieving the literature and the participants were asked to fill this questionnaire. Knowledge level of participants was scored from 1 to 5 out of 100 according to the answers given about Hepatitis A, B and C. Results: When the average points of knowledge about hepatitis A, B and C is considered, it is seen that the knowledge points of males according to females and the knowledge points of the students who study in medical faculties according to the other faculties are higher. Participants were found to have a risky attitude with respect to the spread of Hepatitis A, B and C infections. While males had more risky behaviors, it was seen that there was no significant difference between the students of medical faculties according to other faculties. Conclusion: Despite advances in technology and health, Hepatitis A, B and C infections continue to be an important public health problem today. This study showed that even university students, whose education and intellectual levels are considered to be high according to society, have low level of knowledge about viral hepatitis and exhibit risky attitudes and behaviors, necessity of individual and social education. The most effective way to protect against these diseases is to increase the knowledge and awareness levels of the society and prevent the transmission of these diseases. Keywords: hepatitis, knowledge, attitude, behavior, vaccines

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