scholarly journals Policy Initiatives and Agricultural Performance in Post-independent Ghana

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Samuel Asuming-Brempong
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Agricultural Performance ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Export Crops ◽  
Policy Incentives

The central role agriculture plays in the development of Ghana’s economy has been recognized by several authors, particularly because Ghana’s economy is basically agrarian. Nevertheless, the contributions agriculture can make to economic development depend on the policy environment within which agriculture thrives. Several policies, both general and specific to agriculture, which have been pursued under various governments have either promoted or mitigated against the performance of agriculture in Ghana. This paper reviews the various policies under which Ghana's agricultural sector has operated since independence, and provides a synthesis of the major existing policies and recent changes and how these have affected the agricultural sector. The analysis shows that the socialist model of the 1960s contrasted sharply with the liberalized market approach of the 1980s and 1990s, particularly under structural adjustment. These differing policy orientations have had significant effects on agricultural performance in Ghana, and the roles of agriculture at different periods. For instance, the policy effects of agricultural activities on the environment, such as the promotion of export commodities, the exploitation of timber and forest resources, mining, and indiscriminate sale and use of agro-chemicals in Ghana have been negative. On the other hand, promotion of cash and export crops through government policy incentives have improved rural incomes for farmers that cultivate such crops, and helped to reduce poverty among this group. In general, the policy effects on agriculture in Ghana have been mixed.

scholarly journals Does Agricultural Performance Contribute to Rural Poverty Reduction in Indonesia?

JEJAK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir Arham ◽  
Ahmad Fadhli ◽  
Sri Indriyani Dai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Agricultural Performance

Agriculture is the primary sector in many provinces in Indonesia. In fact, most of the rural communities work in the agricultural sector. Nevertheless, the poverty level in rural areas remains high. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the performance of the agricultural sector in reducing the rural poverty level in Indonesia, and to investigate factors that contribute as a determinant in reducing rural poverty level in Indonesia. This study was significant, considering that the result was to contribute to government policy evaluation in the agricultural sector, especially in reducing poverty in rural areas. This study used quantitative analysis through multiple regressions with data panel from 2014 to 2017 from 33 provinces in Indonesia. This study revealed that the increase of agricultural sector share and the widening of the income distribution had caused an increase in poor people in a rural area. This finding also revealed that the income distribution gap was a determinant to the severity of rural poverty. The growth in the agricultural sector to contribute toward the economy could reduce rural poverty level in Indonesia. Meanwhile, agricultural financing, economic growth, inflation, and the farmer exchange rate had not significantly contributed to reducing the poverty level.

IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS ON AGRICULTURAL SECTOR GROWTH IN KENYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Dr. Pauline Mbithe ◽  
Dr. Prof. Germano Mwabu ◽  
Mr. Maurice Awiti
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
Agricultural Performance ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Adjustment Programs

Purpose: The study was an examination of the impact of structural adjustment programs on agricultural growth in Kenya.Methodology: The study examined the short run and long run determinants of agricultural sector performance in Kenya. To achieve this, the study use time series regression modeling for data spanning from 1975 to 2010. Tests of normality, unit roots test and cointergration test was applied to determine the properties of the data.  Upon proof of cointergration, an error correction model was estimated to link the short run and the long run relationships.Results: The results indicated that structural adjustment programme (SAPs) had a negative and significant long run effect on per capita agriculture GDP.  The study concluded that Post Election Violence had a negative and significant long run effect on the per capital agriculture GDP. The study also concluded that the lagged per capital agricultural performance had a positive and significant effect on the per capita agricultural performance. The results also led to the conclusion that the long run per capita agricultural growth may be linked to the short run growth by an error correction term of -0.242583 which indicates that 0.242% of the disequilibria in short run per capita agricultural sector GDP achieved in one period are corrected in the subsequent period. The results also led to the conclusion that weather indicators (temperature and precipitation), and per capita infrastructure did not have a significant effect on the short run and long run per capita Agricultural GDP.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that some harmful policies need to be eliminated such as the removal of subsidies. Other policy recommendations are to enhance the adaptation of privatized agricultural institutions; encouragement of value addition in primary agricultural products; non price mechanisms such as infrastructure should be encouraged especially in the rural areas; and enhancement of the political stability of the country especially during electioneering years.

The ‘Modernisation’ of Scotland and its Impact on Glasgow, 1955–1979: ‘Unwanted Side Effects’ and Vulnerabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chik Collins ◽  
Ian Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

This article reports findings of research into the far-reaching plan to ‘modernise’ the Scottish economy, which emerged from the mid-late 1950s and was formally adopted by government in the early 1960s. It shows the growing awareness amongst policy-makers from the mid-1960s as to the profoundly deleterious effects the implementation of the plan was having on Glasgow. By 1971 these effects were understood to be substantial with likely severe consequences for the future. Nonetheless, there was no proportionate adjustment to the regional policy which was creating these understood ‘unwanted’ outcomes, even when such was proposed by the Secretary of State for Scotland. After presenting these findings, the paper offers some consideration as to their relevance to the task of accounting for Glasgow's ‘excess mortality’. It is suggested that regional policy can be seen to have contributed to the accumulation of ‘vulnerabilities’, particularly in Glasgow but also more widely in Scotland, during the 1960s and 1970s, and that the impact of the post-1979 UK government policy agenda on these vulnerabilities is likely to have been salient in the increase in ‘excess mortality’ evident in subsequent years.

Reclamation park as a tool to improve the efficiency of managing the agricultural sector (on the example of the Rostov region)

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
I.P. Abramenko ◽  
L.A. Novoselskaya ◽  
R.V. Revunov ◽  
Yanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The article considers the reclamation park, which is an instrument of state stimulation of the development of economic entities of the agro-industrial complex on irrigated lands. On the example of the Rostov region, the authors analyzed the organizational, economic and regulatory mechanisms for the functioning of reclamation parks, as well as the socio-economic effects that arise in connection with the implementation of the specified tools. The results obtained can be used by state authorities of the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation when drawing up plans for socio-economic development, developing strategies and programs, as well as by economic entities in managing agricultural activities.

Pajanan Pestisida Sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Amanda Luky Ernawati ◽  
Tri Joko ◽  
Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Female Farmers

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the causes of infants death. One of the factors that is proven to be associated with  LBW incidence is pesticide exposure to pregnant women. The high number of female farmers in the agricultural sector will increase the risk of pesticide exposure in pregnant women. Objectives: This study aims to describe how pesticide exposure can be a risk factor for the incidence of LBW. Research method: This study is a systematic study that used meta-synthesis aggregation approach. The search for articles focused on articles that examined the risk factors for pesticide exposure on the incidence of LBW in pregnant women which was conducted on the online databases of Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Springer, Google Scholar, and Garuda Portal. The criteria for the articles used were national observational journals indexed at least 4 and indexed international journals published in 2010-2020. Result: There were 8 articles that match to the criteria and research topic. Factors that were proven to increase the risk of LBW incidence in pregnant women were agricultural activities related to pesticide, participation in agricultural activities, completeness of PPE, storage of pesticide, duration of exposure to pesticide, frequency of exposure to pesticide, amount of pesticide mixture, and types of pesticide used. Conclusion: Pesticide exposure to pregnant women causes the accumulation of pesticide residues in the body, thus reducing the formation of thyroid hormones and IGF-1 which can cause LBW.   Keywords: low birth weight; pesticide exposure; pregnant women

scholarly journals PERSEPSI GENERASI MUDA TERHADAP KEGIATAN PERTANIAN DI KELURAHAN BUHA KECAMATAN MAPANGET KOTA MANADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Sofya Werembinan ◽  
Caroline B. D. Pakasi ◽  
Lyndon R. J. Pangemanan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Parental Work

This study aims to determine the perceptions of the younger generation of agricultural activities in the Buha Sub-District of Mapanget District. This research was carried out from August 2017 to May 2018. Primary data was collected through interviews of 15 generations of young people with the help of filling out questionnaires. Secondary data was obtained from the Buha Village Office, Mapanget District. This analysis uses descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the perception of the younger generation of agricultural activities in the Buha Sub-District is overall negative for agricultural activities. Viewed from internal factors include education, employment, gender and age. The higher the level of education, the wider the insight of the younger generation so that the lack of interest in the younger generation in agricultural activities is getting bigger. The younger generation who already have permanent jobs in the non-agricultural sector look down on agricultural activities because they assume that agricultural activities have a low social level. Women have a low interest in agricultural activities because they assume that agricultural activities are not suitable for women because it will damage their appearance. Respondents aged 21-30 years have a low interest in agricultural activities, in addition to reduced agricultural land. External factors include socialization, parental work status and land ownership status. The younger generation with a low level of socialization results in a lack of interest in the younger generation in agricultural activities. Parents of respondents who work in agriculture or non-agriculture do not want their children to make agricultural activities the main job. The young generation whose parents still own agricultural land is still doing agricultural activities to help their parents work on their farms.

scholarly journals Government Policy and Corporate Interests: Search for the Development of Agricultural Engineering in Russia in the Late XIX – early XX centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-262
Author(s):  
Andrey E. Makushev
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Corporate Organization ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Government

Introduction. Against the backdrop of increased government participation in the economic development of the country, support for agricultural engineering was seen as one of the tools for transformation in the agricultural sector, as well as a way to increase public welfare. In addition, the government was interested in the growth of agricultural production and exports, which became one of the most important sources of foreign exchange funds. This article will attempt to explore the position of the state and the forms of its participation in the development of agricultural engineering in Russia. Special attention will be paid to the process of folding the corporate organization of manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements, against the backdrop of the strengthening of monopolistic trends in the Russian economy in the late XIX – early XX centuries. Materials and Methods. In solving the research problems, archival materials, published data of official statistics, and also scientific literature were used. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and system approach. The need to process quantitative data necessitated the use of a statistical method. The use of modernization theory made it possible to include the development processes of the production of agricultural machinery and implements in the trend of industrial modernization. Results. Based on a study of archival and published sources, as well as available scientific literature, the main development problems were identified, and the evolution of government policy in the field of agricultural engineering in the late XIX – early XX centuries was examined. Against the backdrop of increased government participation, the processes of capital self-organization are shown, the forms and results of interaction between government structures and corporate-monopoly organizations in the development of this industry are studied. Discussion and Conclusion. At the end of the XIX and beginning of the XX centuries, state participation in the development of the industry took place in two directions. Firstly, the customs regulation of imports of agricultural machinery, which was protectionist in nature. Secondly, direct support to manufacturers of machinery and complex technical devices for agriculture (bonuses and soft loans to owners of specialized enterprises, assistance in the transportation and marketing of products, etc.). In parallel, there was a consolidation of domestic manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements in order to exchange experience, jointly solve the most pressing problems and lobby their interests in government circles. Since 1907, congresses of Russian manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements began to be regularly held. In fact, this corporate organization has transformed into a monopolistic type of association. The study showed that the interaction of government structures and corporate-monopoly associations of manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements, despite some differences, was generally cooperative in nature and had a very positive effect on the development of the industry.

ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP INCOME OF RICE FARMERS (Oryza Sativa) IN AGRICULTURAL AND NON-AGRICULTURAL SECTORS IN VARIOUS LAND AREA IN SUB-DISTRICT AIKMEL KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Edy Hermawan ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Relationship Analysis

Rice commodity in Aikmel sub-district is one of the main commodities with an area of ​​9,392 Ha of lowland rice farming and geographically. Non-agricultural activities in rural areas began to develop in response to insufficient income from the agricultural sector. Many rural residents engage in non-agricultural activities when the agricultural sector is free. This is what causes a large number of residents to work from the non-agricultural sector, related to employment and income opportunities. Seeing this condition, it is felt that research needs to be done. This study aims to look at the income of paddy rice farming, non-farming and the relationship between lowland rice farming income and non-farming income on various land areas. The method in this study, namely descriptive, data collection by survey technique, determining the number of samples were 30 people was carried out by quota sampling and taking farmers in each village was carried out by proportional random sampling and determination of villages as samples was carried out by purposive sampling. The Results of the study explain: 1) the average total income of lowland rice farming farmers is Rp. 1.207.412/LLG or equivalent to Rp. 5.219.359/Ha. 2) In this study, farmers receive an average non-farming income of rice farmers of Rp. 8,000,000.- planting season 3). Relationship analysis relationship obtained correlation coefficient value of 0,3786 Because it has a positive result with a correlation coefficient value of 0,3786, the larger the land area, the greater the contribution of agricultural sector income to total non-agricultural income.

Risk Factor in Agricultural Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
Suchismita Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Time Of Harvest ◽  
Heavy Rains

Occupational safety is a big issue of discussion for agricultural workers. The methods of working in the field in extreme climate totally depends on the environmental factor. Due to change in weather conditions, prices at the time of harvest could drop, hired labour may not be available at peak times, machinery and equipment could break down when most needed, animals might die, and government policy can change overnight. All of these changes are examples of the risks that farmers face in managing their farm as a business. All of these risks affect their farm profitability. Heavy rains and drought could also damage or even wipe out crops. Another source of production risk is equipment. The most common sources of risk factor are weather, climate, diseases, natural disasters, and market and environmental factor shocks. Agricultural workers need sufficient precaution and safety measures at the time of field and machine work to minimize risk factor. So, in this chapter, an effort is taken to prioritize safety majors by MAUT method.

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