scholarly journals Elena Ceauşescu’s personality cult and Romanian television

Balcanica ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 343-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Sorescu-Marinkovic

Elena Ceau?escu, spouse of the Romanian communist leader Nicolae Ceau?escu, generated in the 1980s a gigantic homage industry, as she was the object of a personality cult as strong as that of her husband?s. This paper briefly outlines the origin and elements of Nicolae Ceau?escu?s personality cult, to focus then on Elena Ceau?escu?s cult: how at first it was merged with the cult of her husband, her being a mere companion of the head of state, and then grew to the point of paralleling that of Nicolae Ceau?escu during the last years of communist rule in Romania. The second part focuses on the evolution of Romanian state television and its crucial role in the diffusion of her personality cult, showing how this state institution became completely subordinated to the presidential couple in the 1980s, and pointing to a paradox of the period: the shorter Romanian television?s daily broadcasting time, the larger the amount of programming on Ceau?escu. Finally, the paper shows how January was infused with anniversary dates meant to consolidate the personality cult of the presidential couple and to reinvent communist traditions.

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Malhan ◽  
Shivarama Rao

In the knowledge economy era, the library will play a very crucial role in the further extension and modification of knowledge. The growing need for knowledge management has influenced every component and operation of a library. Knowledge management requires more effective methods of information handling, speedy transfer of information and linking of information with individuals and their activities. It demands library patron centred development of information systems and services and customisation of information at the individual level. This opinion paper briefly outlines the nature and significance of conceptual changes involved in the practices of library management to their transition of knowledge management and discusses the competencies required for managing knowledge resources.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Adam Bosiacki

BETWEEN THE RULE OF LAW AND AUTHORITARIANISM.POLISH CONSIDERATIONS ON SEEKING THE OPTIMAL STATE SYSTEM AFTER REGAINING INDEPENDENCE IN THE THIRD REPUBLIC The article presents an analysis of selected considerations of Polish political discussions about the shortcomings of the parliamentary system and their antidote in the form of an authoritarian system. The point of departure is an analysis of the idea of a legal state Rechtsstaat, well known in Congress Kingdom even before Poland regained its independence in 1918. It is also worthwhile to research the attempt of the integration the head of state into the parliamentary system, which was successfully applied between 1918 and 1922 when the Head of State institution was personali­zed by Józef Pilsudski. The analysis of the authoritarian thinking of Piłsudskis movement between 1926–1939 did not turn out as it had been declared, the sanation of state, and ideologically — also experienced — numerous social failures. Piłsudski’s legacy is present to some extent in contempo­rary Poland, with few exceptions e.g. the concept of the common good, but one cannot speak of the legacy of authoritarianism. The idea of authoritarianism, however, remains less or more attrac­tive as the solution to the social pains of the Third Republic. As between 1918–1922 in Poland, it has now been possible to incorporate the president’s powers into the parliamentary system, where the head of state is not a purely decorative body to a certain extent as a moderator of the empire. The list of constitutional values is also important. The underserved party system before the war and now is undoubtedly a negative political tendency, although such a system is not a developed state legal system. Paradoxically, however, it fosters anti-authoritarian tendencies. 


Author(s):  
Oleksandr Taldykin

The anti-democratic forms of the state and political regime are characterised by a lack of real participation of the population in the exercise of state power and a violation of the rights and freedoms of citizens and their associations. One of the characteristic features of anti-democratic regimes is that real power is concentrated in the hands of a group of people or one person who are not under the control of the people. The main types of anti-democratic regimes are authoritarian and totalitarian forms. History has shown that the formation of the personality cult of the head of state or the ruling totalitarian party is possible provided that there is a successful symbiosis between these anti-international varieties. At the same time, the formation of the personality cult of the head of state or the political leader of the ruling party is impossible without certain attributes, an integral part of which is the presence of their atypical titles, official and unofficial titles, which, in turn, are a clear indicator of the undemocratic set of methods, techniques and methods of exercising state power. The above issues are essential to understanding all the nuances of the supreme power of autocrats, which makes our research relevant. The aim of the study will be to analyze atypical official and unofficial titles, ranks, laudatory epithets of heads of state, as an integral part of the cult of personality, a sign of undemocratic political regime and leadership. The fact of the deification of the ruler's supreme power as a weighty argument in favor of the centralization of his supreme power is interpreted differently by researchers, depending on the characteristics of this or that civilizational component. In the period of modern history, the existence of atypical titles, official and unofficial titles for heads of state in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries is associated primarily with the policy of chiefdom. The formation of the personality cult of the Head of State or the political leader of the ruling party is impossible without certain attributes, an integral part of which is the presence of atypical titles, official and unofficial titles, which in turn are a clear indicator of the undemocratic set of methods, techniques and methods of exercising public power. The personality cult of the state leader is linked to the approval of the appropriate form of government and the form of state political regime. The process of establishing the personality cult is characteristic of some historical as well as some modern monarchical forms of state government, such as the Eastern Despoty, theocratic monarchy and the absolute monarchy. States with the above form of government had a special legal status as heads of state, which was envisaged: - the religious specificity of legitimising monarchical power; - a combination of secular and spiritual (religious) power, which, in turn, gave rise to the development of sacralisation of the personality of the supreme ruler. Such embodiment of despotic rulers of the East was practiced by authoritative anthropotheism in two ways: soft: monarch is the son of a god, and tough: monarch is a living deity. In the period of modern history, the emergence of atypical titles, official and unofficial titles of heads of state in the twentieth century is primarily connected with the policy of leadership. Leadership is the policy of an authoritarian or totalitarian party in a state that aims to concentrate power in a charismatic undisputed leader. The ideas and actions of such a leader are not subject to criticism and are perceived without appeal. The atypical title or title of leader can be enshrined in legislation. The atypical title or title of its leader may be officially disseminated through state ideology and propaganda through the media when the head of state retains one official traditional title, but unofficial honorary titles and epithets are allowed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhan Sofhian

Indonesia is a country that is still developing with principles on the four pillars of nationality, namely Pancasilan, the 1945 Constitution, Bhineka Tungga Ika and the Republic of Indonesia. In executing the government by using a presidential system, the president's duty is not only as head of state, but also as head of government. Also in organizing government institutions the state becomes a barometer in measuring the success of government governance. State apparatus consisting of MPR, DPR, DPD, President, BPK, MA, KY and MK are state institutions whose duties and authorities are regulated in the 1945 Constitution. This article discusses the roles, duties and functions of state institutions, sanctions imposed on deviant state institutions. In this paper deliberately the compilers bring up various supporting theories and examine and discuss the tasks, roles and functions, so that we know that the institutions of this state participate and play a role in advancing the survival of the nation and state.Keywords: Function, State Institution, Role, Presidential.


REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (330) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
A. B. Alibekova

Currently, the inter-budget relations plays a crucial role in the life of states. In this regard, this article addresses the issues of inter-budget relations in Kazakhstan. The topic of reform was considered, which was mentioned in the message of the Head of State Kasim-Zhomart Tokayev to the people of Kazakhstan of September 2, 2019. Approaches to the content and organization of the concept of "inter-budget relations" have been analysed. Consideration of the opinion of Kazakhstan and abroad scientists. Shown descriptions of the principles on which inter-budget relations are based, conclusions on approaches to the organization of inter-budget relations. Regulation of inter-budget relations is the main mechanism for their effectiveness. Financial alignment is the way to provide financial resources. The entire analysis on the topic is based on economic literature and financial practice.


2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR11) ◽  
pp. Pr11-47-Pr11-52
Author(s):  
V. M. Pan ◽  
V. S. Flis ◽  
V. A. Komashko ◽  
O. G. Plys ◽  
C. G. Tretiatchenko ◽  
...  

Pneumologie ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Hendriks ◽  
A KleinJan ◽  
M De Bruijn ◽  
M Van Nimwegen ◽  
I Bergen ◽  
...  

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