scholarly journals Genotypic variability of root and shoot traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at seedling stage

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-702
Author(s):  
Milica Blazic ◽  
Dejan Dodig ◽  
Vesna Kandic ◽  
Dragoslav Djokic ◽  
Tomislav Zivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Primary Root Length

The evaluation of the embryonic root and stem of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the early stage of development (seedling stage) can be a powerful tool in wheat breeding aimed at obtaining progenies with a greater early vigour. It is revealed that genotypes with faster early vigour have produced higher biomass and grain yield. In this study, the evaluation of traits of the embryonic root and the embryonic stem of 101 bread wheat genotypes was preformed at the 10-day old seedlings. The following eight morphological traits of roots and stems were analysed: primary root length, branching interval, the number of roots, total length of lateral roots, angle of seminal roots, stem length, root dry weight and the stem dry weight. Analysed lateral roots included seminal roots. The greatest, i.e. the smallest variability of observed traits was detected in the branching interval, i.e. the stem length, respectively. The highest positive correlation was determined between the primary root length and the total length of lateral roots. The cluster analysis, based on observed traits, shows that genotypes were clearly divided into two main clusters, A and B. The two clusters essentially differed from each other in the values of the following traits: primary root length, total length of lateral roots, root dry weight, stem dry weight and the stem length. Genotypes with shorter primary and lateral roots, lower root and stem dry weight and a shorter stem were grouped in the cluster B. On the other hand, the cluster A encompassed genotypes with values of these traits above or around the average. The values of the remaining analysed traits: the angle of seminal roots, the number of lateral roots and the branching interval varied greatly between obtained clusters. The cluster analysis showed the homogeneity of genotypes originating from Serbia and the region; their values of the root and stem length and weight were mostly around and below the average. However, the values of the angle of seminal roots, number of lateral roots and the branching interval were above average.

scholarly journals Effects of Aluminium Toxicity on Root and Shoot Growth Of Rice and Chickpea Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201
Author(s):  
Rifat Samad ◽  
Parveen Rashid ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Root Length Ratio ◽  
Primary Root Length

Increasing concentrations of aluminium progressively declined primary root length and number of lateral roots in rice and chickpea seedlings grown in rhizobox. It also inhibited the root and shoot length, dry weight of root and shoot of rice and chickpea seedlings grown in solution culture. On the other hand, it enhanced shoot/root length ratio and dry weight ratio for both the genera. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1195-1201, 2021 (December)

scholarly journals Priming and drying on the physiological quality of eggplant seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delineide P Gomes ◽  
Alexandre F da Silva ◽  
Denise Cunha FS Dias ◽  
Eveline M Alvarenga ◽  
Laércio J da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Three Sheets ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Primary Root Length

We evaluated the effect of the priming with polyethyleneglicol (PEG) 6000 followed or not of drying on two lots of eggplant seeds with medium and low vigor respectively. The seeds were submitted to the treatments of priming with PEG 6000 in the osmotic potentials of -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa during 48 or 96 hours of priming with and without subsequent drying. For the soaking of seeds in osmotic solutions, these were placed over three sheets of paper boxes such germitest gerbox conditioning moistened with each solution in a 3:1 ratio. The control group was represented by unprimed seeds. The priming for both lots provided higher values in relation to the vigor through the first counting of germination, seedlings and primary root length, germination and emergence rates, emergence and dry weight of seedlings when compared to the non-primed seeds. These results were not verified for germination; significant differences practically were not observed in relation to the controls. Improvements in relation to the vigour were not higher on lot 2 than those obtained on lot 1. The priming with PEG 6000 with subsequent drying increased the vigor of eggplant seeds of the cultivar Morro Grande in relation to those non-primed, however, without differences in the germination.

scholarly journals Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the root growth of lentil seedlings grown in rhizobox

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal Chandra Sarker ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Primary Root Length

Phosphorus deficiency resulted in an increase in the length of primary root, length and number of lateral roots, root hairs and root meristem volume of the seedlings of lentil grown in rhizobox. Key words: Phosphorus deficiency; Root length; Root growth; Rhizobox; Lentil DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5153 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 215-218, 2009 (December)  

scholarly journals Genome-wide association analysis unveils novel QTLs for seminal root system architecture traits in Ethiopian durum wheat

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Admas Alemu ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
Giuseppe Sciara ◽  
Roberto Tuberosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Seminal Roots

Abstract Background Genetic improvement of root system architecture is essential to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of crops or to boost their productivity under stress or non-optimal soil conditions. One hundred ninety-two Ethiopian durum wheat accessions comprising 167 historical landraces and 25 modern cultivars were assembled for GWAS analysis to identify QTLs for root system architecture (RSA) traits and genotyped with a high-density 90 K wheat SNP array by Illumina. Results Using a non-roll, paper-based root phenotyping platform, a total of 2880 seedlings and 14,947 seminal roots were measured at the three-leaf stage to collect data for total root length (TRL), total root number (TRN), root growth angle (RGA), average root length (ARL), bulk root dry weight (RDW), individual root dry weight (IRW), bulk shoot dry weight (SDW), presence of six seminal roots per seedling (RT6) and root shoot ratio (RSR). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between accessions for all RSA traits. Four major (− log10P ≥ 4) and 34 nominal (− log10P ≥ 3) QTLs were identified and grouped in 16 RSA QTL clusters across chromosomes. A higher number of significant RSA QTL were identified on chromosome 4B particularly for root vigor traits (root length, number and/or weight). Conclusions After projecting the identified QTLs on to a high-density tetraploid consensus map along with previously reported RSA QTL in both durum and bread wheat, fourteen nominal QTLs were found to be novel and could potentially be used to tailor RSA in elite lines. The major RGA QTLs on chromosome 6AL detected in the current study and reported in previous studies is a good candidate for cloning the causative underlining sequence and identifying the beneficial haplotypes able to positively affect yield under water- or nutrient-limited conditions.

scholarly journals Non-TZF Protein AtC3H59/ZFWD3 Is Involved in Seed Germination, Seedling Development, and Seed Development, Interacting with PPPDE Family Protein Desi1 in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4738
Author(s):  
Hye-Yeon Seok ◽  
Hyungjoon Bae ◽  
Taehyoung Kim ◽  
Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi ◽  
Linh Vu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Ccch Zinc Finger ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Wd40 Domain ◽  
Primary Root Length

Despite increasing reports on the function of CCCH zinc finger proteins in plant development and stress response, the functions and molecular aspects of many non-tandem CCCH zinc finger (non-TZF) proteins remain uncharacterized. AtC3H59/ZFWD3 is an Arabidopsis non-TZF protein and belongs to the ZFWD subfamily harboring a CCCH zinc finger motif and a WD40 domain. In this study, we characterized the biological and molecular functions of AtC3H59, which is subcellularly localized in the nucleus. The seeds of AtC3H59-overexpressing transgenic plants (OXs) germinated faster than those of wild type (WT), whereas atc3h59 mutant seeds germinated slower than WT seeds. AtC3H59 OX seedlings were larger and heavier than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings were smaller and lighter than WT seedlings. Moreover, AtC3H59 OX seedlings had longer primary root length than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings had shorter primary root length than WT seedlings, owing to altered cell division activity in the root meristem. During seed development, AtC3H59 OXs formed larger and heavier seeds than WT. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated Desi1, a PPPDE family protein, as an interacting partner of AtC3H59. AtC3H59 and Desi1 interacted via their WD40 domain and C-terminal region, respectively, in the nucleus. Taken together, our results indicate that AtC3H59 has pleiotropic effects on seed germination, seedling development, and seed development, and interacts with Desi1 in the nucleus via its entire WD40 domain. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the biological functions of the ZFWD protein and Desi1 in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Growth of mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstocks as influenced by pre-sowing treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 582-586
Author(s):  
R. J. Patel ◽  
T. R. Ahlawat ◽  
A. I. Patel ◽  
J. J. Amarcholi ◽  
B. B. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Total Dry Weight

An experiment was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2014 to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing treatments on survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks. Mango stones were soaked in aqueous solutions of GA3 (100 and 200 ppm), Beejamruth (2 % and 3 %) and Thiourea (1 % and 2 %) for 12 and 24 hours. The trial was evaluated in Completely Randomized Design based on factorial concept and the treatments were replicated thrice. Imposition of treatments led to significant differences at 5 % level of significance for all parameters chosen in this study. Mango stones when treated with Thiourea at 1 % had the maximum shoot length (49.93 cm), root length (34.38 cm), shoot dry weight (21.08 g) and total dry weight (26.36 g). The highest number of lateral roots (10.90) and survival percentage (64.17) was observed in mango stones dipped in 100 ppm GA3. Between the two soaking duration, soaking mango stones for 24 hours recorded higher values for shoot length (45.03 cm), root length (32.79 cm), number of lateral roots (9.83), survival percentage (62.72), shoot root fresh weight ratio (4.30), shoot dry weight (21.33 g), total dry weight (26.28 g) and shoot root dry weight ratio (4.32). Thus, survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks can be substantially improved by soaking mango stones in aqueous solutions of 100 ppm GA3 or Thiourea at 1 % for 24 hours before sowing.

scholarly journals Karakter Perakaran Sejumlah Varietas Kopi Arabika pada Fase Bibit di Pesemaian

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Ari Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Roots represent the fundamental structure and material transport systems in plants. These important organs are used to study the adaptation processes in the environment. During the nursery stage, root evaluation serves as determining the seedling quality before transplant. This research aims to ascertain the root characteristics of several Arabica coffee varieties for a suitably vigorous root nursery system. Kaliwining Experimental Garden, Jember, Indonesia, served as the research location. The method used was a completely randomized design with a single factor, including arabica coffee varieties (Abesinia-3, Andungsari-1, BLP-4, Gayo-1, K-08, K-29, K-34, K-79, K-130, Kartika-1, Kayumas and Sigararutang). The result showed that the differences in the various sample factors significantly influenced the root properties. In addition, the entire observation parameters demonstrated a positive correlation except for the root and shoot ratio. Furthermore, BLP-4 v obtained the maximum values for plant height, stem diameter, fresh dry weight of taproot, and root biomass, while Gayo-1 variety observed the greatest number of leaves. Also, the Sigararutang variety indicated the highest value of the fresh and dry weight of shoot, fresh weight of lateral roots, and root length, while Kayumas and K-34 varieties acquired the lowest values of plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, as well as root length. Therefore, BLP-4, Gayo-1, and Sigararutang varieties exhibited the potentials of broader adaptability.

Effects of Growing Wheat in Hypoxic Nutrient Solutions and of Subsequent Transfer to Aerated Solutions. I. Growth and Carbohydrate Status of Shoots and Roots

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Barrett-Lennard ◽  
PD Leighton ◽  
F Buwalda ◽  
J Gibbs ◽  
W Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Crown Roots ◽  
Carbohydrate Status ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

This paper evaluates the effects of hypoxia (imposed by flushing N2 gas through the nutrient solution) on the growth and carbohydrate status of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and the reversibility of these effects once aeration is resumed. Plants were transferred to hypoxic nutrient solutions (containing 0.003 mol O2 m-3) at the early tillering stage, when they had 3-4 leaves, well developed seminal roots, and a few crown roots. Hypoxia for 10-14 days had little adverse effect on shoot growth, whereas the seminal roots stopped growing, i.e. elongating and increasing in dry weight; in contrast, the crown roots elongated to a maximum of 9 cm and continued to increase in dry weight. Hypoxia increased the porosity of crown roots 2-3-fold compared with those grown under aerated conditions; in contrast, the porosity of seminal roots was unaffected. Oxygen concentrations in the gas filled pores of hypoxic crown roots (65 mm or longer) were estimated from measurements of radial oxygen loss using cylindrical platinum electrodes. Oxygen concentrations in the root tips were substantially lower than the critical oxygen pressures required for maximum respiration. Further, both oxygen concentrations in root tips and rates of root elongation were higher in shorter than in longer roots. Plants grown in hypoxic nutrient solutions had substantially higher sugar concentrations in shoots and roots than plants grown in aerated solutions. Sugars were not deficient in hypoxic roots since concentrations over a diurnal cycle remained higher than in aerated roots in both the bulk of the seminal and crown roots, and in the tips of the crown roots. Furthermore, tips of seminal roots had similar sugar concentrations when exposed to either aerated or hypoxic solutions. Hypoxia presumably killed seminal root apices, since the seminal axes did not resume elongation once aeration was restored. In contrast, crown roots resumed elongation when aeration was resumed. Although seminal root tips were moribund, the bulk of the seminal root was still alive. Following the transfer to aerated solutions, there was a rapid increase in the dry weight of both crown and seminal roots, in the latter case due to the proliferation of laterals.

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphate Shortage on Root Growth and Hormone Content of Barley Depend on Capacity of the Roots to Accumulate ABA

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1722
Author(s):  
Lidiya Vysotskaya ◽  
Guzel Akhiyarova ◽  
Arina Feoktistova ◽  
Zarina Akhtyamova ◽  
Alla Korobova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Primary Root Length

Although changes in root architecture in response to the environment can optimize mineral and water nutrient uptake, mechanisms regulating these changes are not well-understood. We investigated whether P deprivation effects on root development are mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) and its interactions with other hormones. The ABA-deficient barley mutant Az34 and its wild-type (WT) were grown in P-deprived and P-replete conditions, and hormones were measured in whole roots and root tips. Although P deprivation decreased growth in shoot mass similarly in both genotypes, only the WT increased primary root length and number of lateral roots. The effect was accompanied by ABA accumulation in root tips, a response not seen in Az34. Increased ABA in P-deprived WT was accompanied by decreased concentrations of cytokinin, an inhibitor of root extension. Furthermore, P-deficiency in the WT increased auxin concentration in whole root systems in association with increased root branching. In the ABA-deficient mutant, P-starvation failed to stimulate root elongation or promote branching, and there was no decline in cytokinin and no increase in auxin. The results demonstrate ABA’s ability to mediate in root growth responses to P starvation in barley, an effect linked to its effects on cytokinin and auxin concentrations.

Method for Bioassaying Chlorsulfuron in Soil and Water

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Morishita ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Duane G. Flom ◽  
Tanaquil C. Campbell ◽  
Gary A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Bioassay Technique ◽  
Primary Root Length ◽  
Soil And Water

Bioassay techniques were evaluated for the determination of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} residues in soil and water. A linear response of corn (Zea maysL.) primary root length to chlorsulfuron concentrations (InX+1) of 0.0 to 16.0 μg/L was observed in the water bioassay. Several soil extraction bioassay methods were attempted and found to be highly variable. A Ca(OH)2soil extraction bioassay technique produced a linear response of primary corn root length to chlorsulfuron concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 64.0 μg/kg. The efficiency of the Ca(OH)2extraction bioassay was determined by the use of14C-chlorsulfuron. Recovery efficiency at 1.0 μg/kg was 74% and averaged 62% at all higher chlorsulfuron concentrations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document