scholarly journals Kinetics of drying and quality of the apple cultivars Granny Smith, Idared and Jonagold

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Paunovic ◽  
Branislav Zlatkovic ◽  
Dusica Mirkovic
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
World Market ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Apple Slices ◽  
Kinetics Of

Apple is nutritionally valuable and present as fresh fruit in human nutrition throughout the year. Also apple is a raw material in food processing, primarily in the production of juices, nectars, refreshing soft drinks, marmalades, jams, compotes, apple cider vinegar and dried fruits. In the last decade on the world market there is a great interest in dried apple products (commercially called apple chips). During preservation by drying the technological process aimed at the final product of optimal quality is required. The subject of this paper is the kinetics of the apple cv. Granny Smith, cv. Idared and cv. Jonagold drying in laboratory dehydrator for the purpose of pinpointing at which level of humidity the maximum speed of evaporation is achieved and at which level of humidity apple slices begin to change in colour and geometric shape. Parameters of the drying process were the same for all three cultivars, 3hrs at air temperature of 70oC and 5hrs at air temperature of 50o. The amount of evaporated water is expressed in relative and absolute units of measure. The purpose of this paper is to determine which one of the three tested cultivars provides the best properties for drying, i.e. in terms of oxidation of polyphenolic compounds to find the cultivar which will provide that the final product is technologically and organoleptically the most acceptable. The results showed that the sample cv. Granny Smith expressed the least oxidation of polyphenolic compounds (browning), curved edges and shrivelled apple slices. After that the sample cv. Jonagold followed. The sample cv. Idared showed the worst results. Following the drying kinetics of all three samples, it can be concluded that the cultivars Granny Smith and Jonagold were achieving the lower maximum speed of evaporation, unlike the cultivar Idared. The cultivars Granny Smith and Jonagold have attained consistent drying and in this way the technological process was finished with a smaller temperature stress for plant tissue, resulting in a much better quality of the final product.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Convective Drying and Quality of Pears Cultivars Conference, Lucas, Abate

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionuț VELEȘCU ◽  
Vasile DOBRE ◽  
Ioan ŢENU
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract. The objective of this study is the kinetics process of drying of the pears cv. Conference, cv. Abate and cv. Lucas with a laboratory dryer, in order to identify at which level of humidity the maximum speed of evaporation is achieved and at which level of temperature and humidity pears slices begin to change (colour and shape) and to determine which one of the three tested varieties offers the best properties for drying, which will ensure that the final product is technologically and organoleptically the most acceptable. Drying parameters were the same for all three varieties: 2 hours at air temperature 90oC, 2 hours at air temperature 80oC, 2 hours at air temperature 70 C and 2 hours at air temperature 60o C.  The results showed that the sample of the cv. Conference has undergone the least oxidation process, rounded edges and shriveled slices, and samples of the cv Lucas showed the worst results. Following the drying process of all three varieties, it can be concluded that the cultivars Abate and Conference achieved the lower evaporation speed, unlike the cv. Lucas. The cultivars Conference and Abate have attained consistent drying and in this way the technological process was finished with a smaller temperature, resulting in a better quality of the final product. o

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF POST-HARVEST PROCESSING OF PUMPKIN SEEDS IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
Oleh Tsurkan ◽  
Dmytro Prysiazhniuk ◽  
Ivan Didyk
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Minimal Energy ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds

One of the important stages of growing seeds of agricultural crops is its post-harvest processing, which includes the drying process, is the main and one of the most effective methods for storing and processing agricultural raw materials. The use of vibration drying equipment is especially effective in high-tech processes taking place in the seed industry, where product moisture is the most important condition for the implementation of technology. The object of research in this article was the technological process of post-harvest processing of high-moisture pumpkin seeds, in particular drying. The purpose of the work was to analyze the current state of post-harvest processing of high-moisture pumpkin seeds and to establish promising methods and means for intensifying this process with a simultaneous increase in the quality of the final raw material obtained. The task of the work was: to review research and publications on the state of post-harvest processing of pumpkin seeds in Ukraine, to establish the features of its post-harvest dues, in particular drying, to get acquainted with the technical means and technologies for performing the technological process of drying pumpkin seeds, to establish the main disadvantages of the existing drying equipment, to determine and to propose new promising technologies and technical solutions for intensifying the drying process of pumpkin seeds with a simultaneous increase in the quality of the final raw material with minimal energy consumption and translate them into a developed model of a vibration dryer, which sequentially implements filtration and convection stages of drying. The research methodology was based on a review analysis of existing studies and publications on the state of post-harvest treatment of pumpkin seeds in Ukraine and the search for ways to intensify this process with a simultaneous increase in the quality of the final raw material obtained. In scientific work, based on the results of the study, it was found that the existing grain drying equipment does not meet the requirements for drying high-moisture pumpkin seeds, therefore there is a need for the development, research and implementation of energy-efficient schemes and structures. The existing samples of domestic equipment for post-harvest processing of high-moisture pumpkin seeds are morally and physically obsolete, do not provide flexibility in the execution of the technological process, are energy- and metal-intensive and cannot be used in processing lots of seed material. The proposed design of a vibrating dryer, which sequentially implements filtration and convection stages of drying pumpkin seeds. The developed installation provides an intensification of this process with minimal energy consumption while increasing the quality of the final raw material obtained.

scholarly journals Characterization of Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Natural Iron Ore from Muko Deposits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham J. B. Muwanguzi ◽  
Andrey V. Karasev ◽  
Joseph K. Byaruhanga ◽  
Pär G. Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
World Market ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Natural Iron ◽  
Western Uganda

The study aimed at investigating the chemical composition and microstructure of raw iron ore from the deposits in Muko area (south-western Uganda). The quality of this iron ore was evaluated to establish its suitability to serve as a raw material for iron production. Samples were taken from the six hills of Muko ore deposits and tests carried out to establish their composition and properties. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed in the investigation and chemical analysis performed to determine the compounds constituting the ore. The quality of this ore was compared to generalized world market standards and ores from other nations. It was found that Muko ore is a rich hematite grade with Fe content above 65%. It has little gangue (<6% SiO2 and 3-4% Al2O3) and low contents of the deleterious elements (P~0.02% and S<0.006%), which correspond to acceptable levels for commercial iron ores.

scholarly journals ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ПШЕНИЦЫ В РОССИИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Zimnyakov ◽  
A.A. Kurochkin ◽  
S.V. Bogomazov ◽  
E.N. Varlamova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
World Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pricing System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Baking Industry ◽  
Farm Types

Отмечено значение пшеницы как основного сырья для хлебопекарной промышленности в России. Проанализированы посевные площади и валовый сбор пшеницы в РФ в 2008-2018 годах. Исследована динамика урожайности пшеницы по регионам и в целом по стране. Рассмотрена структура производства зерна в России по видам культур. Представлен валовый сбор и урожайность пшеницы в основных регионах-производителях в 2018 году. Проанализирован валовый сбор пшеницы по категориям хозяйств. Рассмотрены проблемы при уборке пшеницы, а также при её хранении. Отмечены причины низкого качества производимой пшеницы в стране. Предложено совершенствовать систему ценообразования на пшеницу, так как формирование цены на зерно происходит без учета оптимального отношения к качеству зерна, что не отражает объективности и соразмерности затрат. Отмечено, что оптимизация природных, экономических, организационных и технико-технологических факторов, влияющих на производство высококачественной пшеницы, позволит повысить её конкурентоспособность на мировом рынке и увеличить экспортный потенциал. Дан прогноз о том, что за счет повышения конкурентоспособности российского зерна на мировом рынке, путем снижения совокупных издержек, включая логистические, и улучшения качества зерна к 2030 году прогнозируется повышение доли Российской Федерации на рынках десяти ведущих стран-потребителей российской пшеницы до 43, что составит 32,5 млн. тонн.Wheat is a main important raw material for the baking industry in Russia. An analysis of crop areas and gross wheat output in the Russian Federation in 2008-2018 has been made. The dynamics of wheat productivity in the regions and in the whole country has been studied. The pattern of grain production by types of crops in Russia has been considered. The gross yield and wheat productivity in the main producing regions in 2018 are presented.The gross output of wheat according to farm types has been analyzed. The problems of wheat harvesting, as well as its storage are considered. The reasons for the low quality of wheat produced in the country are noted. It is proposed to improve the wheat pricing system, as the formation of grain prices does not take into account the optimal ratio to the quality of grain, which does not reflect the objectivity and proportionality of costs. It is noted that the optimization of natural, economic, organizational and technological factors, that affect the production of high-quality wheat, will increase its competitiveness in the world market and increase export potential. A forecast has been given, that through increase of the competitiveness of Russian grain in the world market, through reducing total costs, logistics included, and improving grain quality, by 2030 an increase is expected in the share of the Russian Federation in the markets of the ten leading countries consuming Russian wheat up to 43, which will amount to 32.5 million tons.

scholarly journals KINETICS OF GRINDING OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS DURING ELECTRIC DISCHARGE EXTRACTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Valery T. Kazub ◽  
Maria K. Kosheleva ◽  
Stanislav P. Rudobashta
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Perforated Plate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
Extraction Chamber ◽  
Kinetics Of

The influence of the degree of grinding of the particles of growing raw materials during electric discharge extraction on the quality of the obtained extracts was studied. Each discharge during electro-discharge extraction contributes to the grinding of a part of the raw material, which is confirmed by granulometric analysis. The particle size of the raw material should be controlled, since excessive grinding of the extracts results in cloudy, difficult to clarify and poorly filtered. The design of the extraction chamber is proposed, in which the grounded electrode is made in the form of a perforated plate, called a false bottom, with the optimal size of the holes and their density, which eliminates the over-grinding of the raw material particles, which leads to the production of turbid and difficult-to-filter extracts. Since the extraction of raw materials is carried out at a certain ratio of solid-liquid phases, the volume of the chamber from the sieve to the bottom does not significantly affect the kinetics of the extraction process itself, since it is intended for collecting the smallest particles of processed raw materials, the mass of which does not exceed 15-16% of the loaded mass of raw materials. The device of the extraction chamber, due to the high turbulence and intensive mixing of the suspension under the action of cavitation and shock waves initiated by the discharge in the liquid, allows you to remove small particles of raw materials less than 1 mm in size from the working area of the chamber. The results of the study show that the extraction of target components from various raw materials using a chamber with a false bottom can significantly reduce the content of the smallest particles of raw materials in the extract. It facilitates the filtration of the extract, reduces the filtration time, significantly reduces the likelihood of turbidity of the solution due to suspension, which improves the quality of the extract. Experimental studies of the developed electric discharge chamber with a false bottom, conducted with various types of plant raw materials, confirm the effectiveness of extraction in the chamber of the proposed design.

scholarly journals Studying the effect the physicochemical properties of fine size raw coal organic and mineral composition have on beneficiation efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Kamoza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Fine Coal ◽  
Thermal Coal ◽  
Three Samples

Introduction. This work presents the results of the research on the effect the petrographic characteristics, elemental and mineral composition have on the Kedrovsko-Krohalevskoe fine coal beneficiation efficiency. The data has been analyzed of raw coal physochemical properties at the stage of mining and dressing mill raw material base formation. Research objective is to study thermal coal by physicochemical methods of analysis to identify the main parameters affecting the quality of beneficiation products. Based on the data obtained, the research aims to develop the method of assessing the indicators affecting the beneficiation process and further forecasting during the development of new areas and coal seams. Methods of research. The structural features of raw KCN (coking low-caking low-metamorphosed) coal were determined by comparative analysis of three samples according to the following parameters: laboratory flotation results, general technical parameters, maceral composition, organic matter elemental composition, and ash mineral composition. Results. It has been established that coals of a similar nature of origin and stage of metamorphism, can have different indicators in vaarious parameters: particle size, number and morphology of microcomponents according to quantitative petrographic analysis, as well as the presence of hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of coals. Conclusions. The results of the studies made it possible to identify a number of dependencies that can be used in a preliminary assessment of the quality of raw coal sent to a coal processing enterprise.

The Dispersion of Carbon Black in Rubber Part I. Rapid Method for Assessing Quality of Dispersion

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 973-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Coran ◽  
J-B. Donnet
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rubber Part ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Carbon Black Dispersion

Abstract Carbon black is the most important reinforcing filler for rubbers. The incorporation of carbon black into rubber vulcanizates generally gives improved strength, extensibility, fatigue resistance, abrasion resistance, etc. In order to exert its beneficial influence on the properties of rubber vulcanizates, the carbon black must be sufficiently dispersed therein. Indeed, poor dispersion can, in itself, give rise to detrimental effects (e.g. reduced product life, poor performance in service, poor product appearance, poor processing characteristics, poor product uniformity, raw-material waste, high finished-product rejection rates, and excessive energy usage). These inadequacies are generally the result of the presence of rather large, undispersed agglomerates. The present work was initiated in order to develop an improved understanding of the carbon-black dispersion process including the understanding of factors which affect the kinetics of dispersion. The work described here is focused on methodology for reproducibly mixing carbon black with rubber in the laboratory, and reproducibility, but rapidly and easily estimating the degree of dispersion of the carbon black into the rubber as a function of mixing time. Procedures were developed for introducing rubber, filler, and other ingredients into a small, laboratory internal mixer and for mixing the batches for various periods of time. Also, an improved, simple-to-use, reproducible method for determining the degree of carbon black dispersion in rubber has been adapted. The extent of dispersion was correlated with various measures of tensile strength and with other performance-related properties.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF COTON-CONTAINING FABRIC DECOCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Oksana TKACHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Tissue Samples

Flax is a very valuable raw material for making fabric. The processes of preparation of flax-containing textile material are multi-stage and energy-intensive. Therefore, the development of effective methods of preparation of flax-containing textile material is relevant. In this work, the method of mathematical planning of the experiment conducted a study of the dependence of the breaking load, capillarity and the degree of whiteness of cotton-containing textile material on the concentration of components of the boiling bath. The research was carried out on a mixed polyester-cotton-linen fabric TPK-11 produced by the private joint-stock company “Edelvika” (Lutsk). Technological process of boiling was carried out periodic method on a painting- roller machine. After boiling, the tissue samples were bleached according to the recipe based on hydrogen peroxide under the same conditions. Evaluation of the quality of boiled fabric was performed on such indicators as capillarity, breaking load and degree of whiteness. Processing of research results was carried out in the program “MathCAD 15”. At the result regression equations and response surfaces was received. The analysis of the obtained results shows that the quality of preparation of mixed flax-containing fabric depends on the concentration of the components of the boiling bath, and these models allow to establish the optimal recipe regimes of the boiling process. The obtained data can be used to justify further research.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF MEAT SLAUGHTERED ANIMALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Ihor Strashynskyi ◽  
Vasil Pasichnyi ◽  
Tatiana Shevchenko ◽  
Anton Karapalov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The Impact

The actual tasks facing the meat industry are the rational use of meat raw materials with different technological characteristics and improving the quality of products that are produced. Today, in the world market of meat raw materials widely distributed meat with impaired progress autolysis. The results of monitoring the quality indicators of pork, which are processed at LLC "Ternopil meat processing plant", and the study of the impact of pre-slaughter and technological factors on the quality of meat raw material obtained from slaughtering pigs from different farms, are presented in the article.

scholarly journals Opportunities for the use of fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium L.): a review of researches

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Lasinskas ◽  
Elvyra Jarienė
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Chamerion Angustifolium ◽  
Oenothein B ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Collection Methods

The plant fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium L.) is widely used for the treatment of various disorders and illnesses in all the world (Vitalone et al., 2001; Vitalone et al., 2003a; Vitalone et al., 2003b). Experimental studies show that Chamerion angustifolium L. extracts have many pharmacological and treatment effects: antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-aging. Fireweed is rich in polyphenolic compounds. Oenothein B is the main polyphenol in fireweed (14–23%), while it has flavonoids less than 2%. Fireweed also has essential oils (mostly linoleinic acid, 1-docosene, hexadecanoic acid, linolenic acid) and acts as an antibacterial agent. Fireweed accumulates a lot of phenols and can be used as a natural antioxidative source. Oenothein B is the most contributing factor of the antioxidative fireweed effect. After studying of scientific works about fireweed, we can affirm that there are not enough comprehensive studies, which will answer very relevant questions: how active substances are distributed in the fireweed plant, how the quantity and quality of active substances depend on growing factors during changes of climate, raw material collection methods, etc. It is necessary to do more research works, associated with an analysis of fireweed cultivation conditions.

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