scholarly journals Pregnancy as a psychological event

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Bjelica ◽  
Petronila Kapor-Stanulovic
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Psychological Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Near Future

Introduction Apart from physiological and somatic changes, pregnancy is a complex phenomenon which also includes psychological and social changes. Pregnancy, especially the first one, represents a powerful psychological event. This paper deals with pregnancy as a psychological event, considering psychological changes in the course of pregnancy as a stressful event. Psychological changes during pregnancy Pregnancy is always associated with changes in psychological functioning of pregnant women. It is usually associated with ambivalence, frequent mood changes, varying from anxiety, fatigue, exhaustion, sleepiness, depressive reactions to excitement. During pregnancy, changes include body appearance, affectivity and sexuality, whereas the position and role of women attains a new quality. Even thoughts of pregnancy can bring about numerous worries about its course and outcome, and especially of the delivery itself, which may be so intense that they acquire a features of phobia (which may be the reason for avoiding pregnancy). Pregnancy as a stressful event Pregnancy is identified as a potent stressor that can seriously affect the psychic status of pregnant women, perinatal outcome, but also psychic functioning of the new-born individual. Appropriate relationship of partners and support of the society play an important role in overcoming stress during pregnancy. Conclusion Pregnancy is an event that involves numerous somatic and psychological changes. However, pregnancy can also be a potent stressor. Existence of prenatal maternal stress may lead to different perinatal complications that may have long-term consequences on the newborn. In prevention of maternal stress emphasis has to be put on partner?s emotional support, as well as empathy of the social environment. However, in certain cases, professional psychotherapeutic support is necessary, in form of short supportive treatment. Preventive measures should include adequate psychological support during pregnancy, especially the first one, provided for all pregnant women, but also for those women that plan to get pregnant in the near future.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE HEALTH STATUS OF NEWBORNS WITH THE LEVEL VITAMIN D DURING GESTATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Vasilieva E.N. ◽  
Zhamlikhanova S.S. ◽  
Okhotina T.N. ◽  
Levitskaya V.M. ◽  
Sidorova T.N.
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Epigenetic Programming ◽  
Relationship Of

Most of pregnant women have a low vitamin D content, which undoubtedly negatively affects the course of pregnancy and the quality of health of newborn children. Vitamin D is involved in the implantation process, placental function and epigenetic programming of the fetus. Low vitamin D supply affects fetal and newborn development and health in childhood and adulthood. Purpose of the study: comparative analysis of the health of newborns depending on the level of vitamin D during gestation. Research materials: venous blood of women and blood from the umbilical cord of newborns. The method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using BIOMEDICAGRUPPE (Germany) kits was used to determine the level of vitamin D. A comparative analysis of the quality of health of newborns was carried out depending on the level of vitamin D in the venous blood of pregnant women. The study revealed that the low content of vitamin D in the blood of the umbilical cord is due to the low supply of vitamin D in the mother's blood. An insufficient level of vitamin D was revealed in pregnant women who did not take vitamin D preparations. with a lower body weight and with a lower Apgar score, with a large number of perinatal complications - this confirms the important role of vitamin D supply in the functioning of the mother−placenta−fetus system.

scholarly journals INDICATORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS FOR MOTHERHOOD AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL MEASURES FOR ITS FORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
O.F. Lysenko ◽  
◽  
M.V. Safonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Specialized Education ◽  
Psychology Theory ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Perinatal Psychology ◽  
The Way

Statement of the problem. The article presents an analysis and discussion of the results of diagnostic assessment among pregnant women, allowing us to draw conclusions on indicators of psychological preparedness for motherhood. The purpose the article is to outline the necessary areas of work with women on the way to the formation of the maternal sphere in ontogenesis. Materials and Methods. The research methodology consists of the concept of the formation of the “maternal need-motivation sphere” by G.G. Filippova, the theory of E.V. Matveeva about psychological readiness for motherhood, as well as the analysis and synthesis of studies on motherhood, psychological readiness for motherhood, questions of perinatal psychology, theory of psychological readiness for activity. The study involved 156 married pregnant women aged 25 to 35 with higher or secondary specialized education, with a pregnancy period of no less than 24 weeks. The following psychodiagnostic methods were applied: the projective drawing test “I and my child” by G.G. Filippova, the modified Dembo-Rubinstein scale by G.G. Filippova, test of the relationship of pregnant I.V. Dobryakov’s test on relationships for pregnant women, and the authors’ questionnaire for pregnant women. Research results. The diagnostic results indicate that 79,3 % of women examined are conditionally ready for motherhood, 15 % are not ready, and only 5,7 % of respondents can be considered psychologically ready for motherhood. The last group of women is characterized by unconditional acceptance of a child, themselves as a mother, and the situation of motherhood in general. The correlation and factor analysis of the obtained data made it possible to distinguish four groups of the most informative indicators of psychological readiness for motherhood in pregnant women: the peculiarities of the current situation of the woman, the mother-and-child system, family relations and the social and domestic situation. There are also widely presented factors that make it difficult to form a psychological readiness for motherhood: unfavorable experience of relationships with their own parents, difficulties in establishing emotional contact, lack of knowledge and experience in caring for children. There is a need to work with these aspects before pregnancy. Conclusions are drawn on the importance of comprehensive psychological and pedagogical support of a woman on the way to the formation of the maternal sphere of her personality in relation to genesis, which contributes to the development of psychological preparedness for motherhood.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF RURAL TERRITORIES DEVELOPMENT UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Миршарип Газетдинов ◽  
Mirsharip Gazetdinov ◽  
Ольга Семичева ◽  
Ol'ga Semicheva ◽  
Шамиль Газетдинов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The article explores the impact of economic modernization on the social and economic situation of rural residents. It justifies the need to develop mechanisms to regulate the activities of business entities taking into account the fundamental interests of the rural population, such as improving and leveling the social and economic conditions of life in order to freely develop the personality of each resident of rural areas. It is alleged that rural areas have their own specifics, which is associated with traditions, culture and relatively low population density. The specificity is manifested in the fact that the rural economy can be simultaneously represented by agriculture and forestry, industrial production, tourism and recreation, and other industries. These areas of activity can become complementary to the main specialization of entrepreneurship in a particular rural area. Two features of the development of rural territories in the near future are distinguished: due to the effective use of the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress and the improvement of technological processes in modern agricultural units, the need for labor resources is reduced; a decrease in the demand for labor resources from agriculture leads to a deterioration in the social and economic situation, and, as a consequence, to an outflow of the population from rural areas. The need for the development of a special social-targeted block in any comprehensive modernization programs is argued. This block should contain requirements that ensure a well-defined character and sequence of social changes in work.

scholarly journals Spenner i en overgangstid. Sene småspenner i den turbulente overgangen mellom eldre og yngre jernalder

Viking ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elna Siv Kristoffersen ◽  
Ingunn Marit Røstad
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of

To understand the transition between the Early and the Late Scandinavian Iron Age, and the turbulent time around the year 536, we are dependent on our ability to recognize the changes in the artefacts. A chronology with well-defined criteria concerning the latest phase of the Migration Period as well as the beginning of the Merovingian Period is, therefore, required. The small square-headed brooches with spade-shaped feet is one of the types replacing cruciform brooches in the late Migration Period. Our paper discusses their typology and chronology in relation to other late types of brooches and pots as well as early Merovingian types of jewellery, aiming at a more easily accessible synthesis of a complex chronological discussion. Finally, we comment on the definition and relationship of the chronological phases on both sides of the period transition, touching upon the implications for the social changes and the bearers of the brooches.  

scholarly journals Perubahan Psikologis Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
R. Nety Rustikayanti ◽  
Ira Kartika ◽  
Yanti Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Changes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A woman on the gestation period will experience both physical and psychological changes. These changes have  an  impact on the  fulfillment of  basic needs, including sexuality. Changes in pregnant women’s perceived psychology can result in decreased sexual desire of the women. This study aimed to describe the relationship of psychological changes of pregnant women with the husband’s sexual satisfaction level. The study used cross sectional design with a population of third  trimester pregnant women who  did  checkups in  May 2015 as  many as  183 couples. Sampling technique used accidental sampling and sample size was 46 couples. The instrument used was a questionnaire and Psychological Changes Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS). Data analysis  used  Chi-square test.  The  results  showed  that  as  many  as  54.3%  of  respondents experienced a positive psychological change.  Conclusion of the study is that the more positive physiological  changes  in  pregnant  women  will  result  in  higher  sexual  satisfaction  of  her husband.

scholarly journals Relationship of suicide rates to social factors and availability of lethal methods

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Schapira ◽  
K. R. Linsley ◽  
J. A. Linsley ◽  
T. P. Kelly ◽  
D. W. K. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne ◽  
Dramatic Fall

BackgroundThe UK Government's White Paper Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation included among its targets a reduction in suicide.AimsTo study causes of change in suicide rate over a 30-year period in Newcastle upon Tyne.MethodSuicide rates and methods, based on coroners' inquest records, were compared over two periods (1961–1965 and 1985–1994) and differences were related to changes in exposure to poisons and prescribed drugs, and to socio-demographic changes.ResultsDemographic and social changes had taken place which would adversely affect suicide rates. However, a dramatic fall was found in the rate for women, and a modest decline in that for men. Reduced exposure to carbon monoxide and to barbiturates coincided with the fall in rates.ConclusionsReduced exposure to lethal methods was responsible for the fall in rate in both genders, while the gender difference in favour of women may be related to their preference for non-violent methods or to their being less affected by the social changes.

scholarly journals Concepts and approaches in the evaluation of health promotion

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Ivo Carvalho ◽  
Regina Cele Bodstein ◽  
Zulmira Hartz ◽  
Álvaro Hideyoshi Matida
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Collaborative Processes ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theories Of Change ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The demands and tensions surrounding evidence-based policy (EBP) as part of results-based management have frequently indicated a gap between these concepts and the complex nature of health promotion interventions. This article discusses the challenges associated with the conceptual field of Health Promotion and the requirements for "proof" of effectiveness and efficiency faced by managers, evaluators, and local agents in the development of inter-sector health programs. The authors identify the limitations of epidemiological trials for the evaluation of social policies and use arguments related to "theories of change" in order to discuss the relationship of the "constructs" in the social policy intervention model and provide the basis for the "analysis of the contribution" of its effects. Systematic reviews of the "realist synthesis" type are discussed, due to their capacity for highlighting the theoretical framework of a specific program and explaining the underlying action mechanisms common to different programs and/or contexts. The authors argue that the expression and maintenance of expected social changes require the construction of collaborative processes, considering the set of (bottom-up) stakeholders involved in all stages of the process of developing and evaluating interventions.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

Thèmes et variations Réflexions stylistiques sur l’itinéraire d’Égérie

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 611-621
Author(s):  
Sára Horváthy
Keyword(s):  
Social Changes ◽  
The South ◽  
Hidden Information ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Social

SummaryEgeria, a 4th century pious woman from the south of present-day Spain, retold, after visiting Palestine with the Bible in hand, her observations to her sisters. If the linguistic aspects of her letters are quite well-known, much less is known about its stylistic value, inappropriately called “simple”.What seems to be boringly the same again and again, is in fact a constantly renewed and perfectly mastered “variation on a theme”, just as in a well-composed piece of music. Her apparent objectivity is indeed a wish to focus on what she considers the most important, namely to tell her community, as closely to reality as possible, what she observed during her pilgrimage. However, Egeria’s latin is also a testimony of the christian lexicon in construction and of the social changes that were in progress by that time.Linguistics and stylistics work together here, the choice of a word or a grammatical formula reveals hidden information about the proper style of an author who, despite her supposed objectivity, had real personal purposes.

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