Influence of base on the release of antibiotics from officinal ointments

Backgraund. Officinal basis for the antibiotic ointments according to the 4th Yugoslav Pharmacopoeia is a hydrophobic base containing only aliphatic hydrocarbons. The fact that antibiotics are predominantly not lipophylic raises the question about the suitability of that particular type of the base for the manufacturing of antibiotic ointments. Recent studies of the lipid analysis of the skin corneal layer indicated that lipids had shown the bilamellar organization in the skin intercorneal space. Such structural organization could be seen in the ambiphylic bases whose structure was based on carefully selected emulsifier couple, consisting of the lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals. The aim of this study was to test the velocity of antibiotics (klindamycin hydrochloride, erythromycin base and chloramphenicol) release from the hydrophobic ointment-type bases, and from ambiphylic bases of anionic and non-ionic types. Methods. Membrane-free agar diffusion test as the basic method for testing the release velocity in vitro and Staphylococcus aureus as the strain highly susceptible to the chosen antibiotics were used. All the analyzed samples were manufactured as the suspension-type ointments. Results. The highest growth inhibition zone of the Staphylococcus aureus strain for all three analyzed antibiotics was achieved from the non-ionogenic ambiphylic base; the clear growth inhibition zone area for Staphylococcus aureus strain in the preparations containing anionic ambiphylic base was smaller by 10-31.28%, and in the preparations containing aliphatic hydrocarbon-type base, the decrease was 11.46-31.28%, compared to the results achieved with the non-ionogenic ambiphylic base. Conclusion. The optimal release velocity for the analyzed antibiotics was achieved from the non-ionic ambiphylic base.

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PERBEDAAN ZONA HAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI REBUSAN DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum) SECARA IN VITRO

Meditory : The Journal of Medical Laboratory ◽

10.33992/m.v5i2.138 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nyoman Mastra

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractBackground Staphylococcus aureus is one of causes infection and this bacteria have been resistence for many antibiotic. Bay leaf have antibacterials substance, which stew leaves can be treat infection caused Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of water stew of bay leaf.Method The method of this study is true experiment with posstest only control design, and used Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method with various concentrations of water stewed of bay leaf (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,100%), positive control (chloramfenicol 30 μg) and negative control (sterile distilled water). Result The result showed that the average diameter of inhibition zone in concentration 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% is 7 mm, 8,4 mm, 9,6 mm, 10,5 mm and 11,5 mm. Based on statistical analysis using oneway ANOVA available the value of p (0,000) α (0,05), so the inhibition zone is significant difference of growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of stewed water bay leaf. Conclusion Water stew of bay leaf can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, and there are differences in growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of water stew of bay leaf. Keywords: stew of bay leaf; Staphylococcus aureus; inhibition zone

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PERBEDAAN ZONA HAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BIDURI SECARA IN VITRO

Meditory : The Journal of Medical Laboratory ◽

10.33992/m.v6i1.227 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nyoman Mastra

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacteria that can cause infection. Biduri leaf has antibacterial compound such as tannin, flavonoid, saponin, and polyphenol.Objective This study aimed to know the difference of growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at the various concentration of ethanol extract of biduri leaf and to determine an effective concentration.Methods This study was the true experiment with posttest only control design, used Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with five concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,100%), positive control (chloramphenicol 30 µg) and negative control (ethanol 96%).Result The result of this study showed the average of inhibition zone diameter of each concentration consecutively 26,2 mm, 28,3 mm, 29,7 mm, 31 mm and 31,5 mm. One Way Anova statistic analysis showed that the value of p is 0.000 so there is the difference of growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of ethanol extract of a biduri leaf.Conclusion The conclusion of this study is there are differences in growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of ethanol extract of biduri leaf and an effective concentration that can inhibit of Staphylococcus aureus is concentration 20% with mean inhibition zone is 26,2 mm. Keywords: ethanol extract of biduri leaf; Staphylococcus aureus; inhibition zone

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KEEFEKTIFAN EKSTRAK MENGKUDU PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI TERHADAP PENGHAMBATAN PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI RALSTONIA SP. SECARA IN VITRO

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.2483-88 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

Efri Efri ◽

Titik Nur Aeny

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

In Vitro Growth ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone ◽

Medicinal Properties

Effectivity of Morinda citrifolia extract on in-vitro growth inhibition of Ralstonia sp. Morinda citrifolia has been known as one of plants having numerous medicinal properties. Extract of the fruits shows antibacterial activity against several bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The purpose of this study was to observe inhibitor effect of M. citrifolia fruit extract, and to investigate the effect of different concentrations of M. citrifolia fruit extract on in-vitro growth of Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) sp., the causal agent of banana bacterial wilt disease in Lampung. Inhibition effect of M. citrifolia was determined by the presence of inhibition zone, and concentration effect was determined by the diameter of inhibition zone . The study consisted of two experiments. The treatments of the first experiment were three different kinds of fruit extract, namely the whole fruit, the seeds, and the fleshy parts, and the second one consisted of six different levels of extract concentrations. The results showed that the whole fruit extract was the most effective as an in-vitro growth inhibitor, and the higher the concentration level the higher the growth inhibition zone formed.

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Infestation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with Neotyphodium coenophialum and its influence on growth of chosen microorganisms in vitro

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2005.063 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 369-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dariusz Pańka

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽

Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽

Neotyphodium Coenophialum ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone

Occurrence of Neotyphodium coenophialum in tall fescue cultivars cultivated in Poland and determination an endophyte inhibition effect on mycelium growth of chosen microorganisms in vitro were investigated. Seventeen seed lots of 11 cultivars of tall fescue were examined. The endophyte mycelium was dyed with bengal rose and microscopically examined to detect N. coenophialum. Occurrence of endophyte was checked with PCR method. Influence of endophyte on growth of 15 microorganisms was established in the laboratory conditions on Petri dishes with PDA medium at 10, 20 and 30°C. Neotyphodium coenophialum occurred only in two seed lots, 'Barrocco' - 42% and Terros - 2%. Living mycelium of endophyte was isolated only from 'Barrocco'. The highest mycelium growth inhibition of Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium avenaceum, F. equiseti, Microdochium nivale and Gaeumannomyces graminis by endophyte at 30°C was recorded. The highest width of growth inhibition zone (4mm) was detected for the last pathogen. Mycelium growth of B. sorokiniana and M. nivale was not inhibited at 10°C, and for F. avenaceum at 10 and 20°C.

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Antimicrobial activity of selected aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone eye drops against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the conjunctiva of a bacterial conjunctivitis patient

International Journal of Science and Research Archive ◽

10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.2.0072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 151-157

Author(s):

Chigozie John Ekenze ◽

Oyinyechi Lilian Umunnakwe ◽

Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko ◽

Chioma Lilian Owunna ◽

Florence Akuchi Mbatuegwu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Aureus Strain ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

A comparative in vitro study was conducted to ascertain the efficacy of 4 selected antibiotic eye drops against Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from the conjunctiva of a patient diagnosed of bacterial conjunctivitis, and were assayed on the basis of the zone of inhibition. One and two drops volume of the test drugs were inoculated (administered). Results for average inhibition zone for 1 and 2 drops volume was Levofloxacin (26.88 mm), Ciprofloxacin (25.0 mm), Tobramycin (12.5 mm), Gentamicin (7.5 mm) and Levofloxacin (33.12 mm), Ciprofloxacin (30.6 mm), Tobramycin (19.3 mm) and Gentamicin (17.5 mm) respectively with two drops having higher effect than one for Levofloxacin˃ Ciprofloxacin˃ Tobramycin˃ Gentamicin by way of order of susceptibility. The difference in the average zones of inhibition produced by equal volumes of gentamicin and tobramycin and that between ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin both not statistically significant (p˃0.05). Fluoroquinolones showed greater zones of inhibition than the aminoglycosides significantly with levofloxacin more efficacious than ciprofloxacin. One drop prescription is thus recommended. However, if two drops must be prescribed perhaps due to severity of symptoms as the clinician may deem necessary, the drugs should be administered in divided doses. Antimicrobial sensitivity test should be conducted in cases of ocular bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus while treatment with fluoroquinolone especially levofloxacin eye drops as the first line treatment is also suggested.

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Evaluating the Effects of Peracetic Acid and Chlorine Dioxide Disinfectants on Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Surfaces of NICU

Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development ◽

10.18502/jehsd.v4i2.1058 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mina Usefi ◽

Hengameh Zandi ◽

Sara Jambarsang ◽

Mehdi Mokhtari ◽

Mahmood Noori Shadkam

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Chlorine Dioxide ◽

Peracetic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone

Introduction: Today, disinfection of surfaces by using antimicrobial agents is critical for the prevention and control of pathogens and reduction of infection in hospital. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of two disinfectants against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the NICU of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd in 2017. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study, bacterial culture of samples collected from different surfaces of the NICU and S. aureus isolates were identified using conventional biochemical tests. Peracetic acid and chlorine dioxide various concentrations were used as disinfectants. Their effects against Staphylococcus aureus were determined by Standard disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models in SPSS version 23. Results: 39.39% of samples were found to be S. aureus infected. The mean diameter of growth inhibition zone for peracetic acid 0.1% was significantly lower than that for peracetic acid 0.2%, and peracetic acid 0.1% was significantly higher than that for chlorine dioxide (P < 0.001). The comparison of growth inhibition zone diameters for peracetic acid 0.1% and chlorine dioxide disinfectants showed that the average diameter of the inhibition zone created by peracetic acid 0.1% was significantly higher than that created by chlorine dioxide. The most effective disinfectant on S. aureus strains isolated was peracetic acid 0.2% and the least effective disinfectant was chlorine dioxide. Conclusion: In health care facilities with S. aureus infection, peracetic acid 0.2% can be used effectively to reduce nosocomial infection rate.

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Antibacterial Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract ofPunica granatumLinn. Petal on Common Oral Microorganisms

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2016/8098943 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Farnaz Hajifattahi ◽

Elham Moravej-Salehi ◽

Maryam Taheri ◽

Arash Mahboubi ◽

Mohammad Kamalinejad

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone

Objectives. This study aimed to assess the effect of hydroalcoholic extract ofPunica granatumLinn. (P. granatum) petal onStreptococcus sanguinis,Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus salivarius,Streptococcus sobrinus,andEnterococcus faecalis.Materials and Methods. In this in vitro study,P. granatumextract was prepared using powdered petals and water-ethanol solvent. Antibacterial effect of the extract, chlorhexidine (CHX), and ampicillin was evaluated on brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) using the cup-plate method. By assessing the diameter of the growth inhibition zone, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined for the above-mentioned bacteria.Results. Hydroalcoholic extract ofP. granatumpetal had inhibitory effects on the proliferation of all five bacterial strains with maximum effect onS. mutanswith MIC and MBC of 3.9 mg/mL. The largest growth inhibition zone diameter belonged toS. sanguinisand the smallest toE. faecalis. Ampicillin and CHX had the greatest inhibitory effect onS. sanguinis.Conclusions. Hydroalcoholic extract ofP. granatumhad a significant antibacterial effect on common oral bacterial pathogens with maximum effect onS. mutans, which is the main microorganism responsible for dental plaque and caries.

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PENGARUH METODE EKSTRAKSI KENCUR (Kaempferia galanga L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus

Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.33394/bjib.v7i2.2377 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

Sri Nopita Primawati ◽

Husnul Jannah

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Clear Zone ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone ◽

Kaempferia Galanga ◽

The Press ◽

Infusion Method ◽

Press Method

Kaempferia galanga L. or known as Kencur is an herbal plant that is widely used by people with various benefits such as influenza in infants, headaches, sprains, relieving fatigue, inflammation of the stomach, coughing, improving menstruation, inflammation of children's ears, dirty blood, eyes aches, diarrhea, and colds. However, studies that have used Kencur as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus have never been done. Therefore, scientific research is needed to determine the ability of Kencur extract as an antibacterial that inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 3 extraction methods were used, with the aim of determining the right method for obtaining Kencur bioactive compounds as antibacterial. The three extraction methods used were the press method, the infusion method, and the maceration method using methanol as a solvent. Each extract obtained from various extraction methods will be tested for antibacterial by observing the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. It was found that with the press method there were no clear zones or growth inhibition zones of Staphylococcus aureus. Using the extract from the infusion method, the same thing is obtained, namely there is no clear zone or growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus. However, it is different when given an extract from the maceration method using methanol solvent, a 17 mm clear zone is formed but there is no inhibition zone. This can indicate that, methanol extract from Kencur can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (17 mm).

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Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Mixed with Fluorohydroxyapatite against E. faecalis In Vitro

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/6318690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Behnam Bolhari ◽

Aidin Sooratgar ◽

Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽

Nazanin Chitsaz ◽

Iman Hamraz

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone

Enterococcus faecalis is the dominant microorganism in chronic apical periodontitis. It is more resistant to local antiseptic agents than other endodontic microorganisms. Currently, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is considered as an ideal material in many endodontic procedures. Some studies have shown that MTA has good antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. However, some studies have investigated the effect of incorporating some materials into MTA on its antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. No study has evaluated the effect of incorporating fluorohydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-FHA) on the antimicrobial activity of MTA. Therefore, the present study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of MTA mixed with nano-FHA on E. faecalis in vitro. The study was carried out on 18 samples in three groups: pure MTA, MTA mixed with 10 wt% of nano-FHA, and MTA mixed with 15 wt% of nan-FHA. The effect of nano-FHA on the antibacterial activity of MTA on E. faecalis was evaluated by evaluating the growth inhibition zone around each sample. The antimicrobial effect of samples on inhibiting E. faecalis biofilm formation and inhibiting microbial growth of E. faecalis in the planktonic phase was evaluated by disk agar diffusion (DAD), biofilm inhibition assay (BIA), and direct contact assay (DCA) tests, respectively. All the above tests were analyzed after 24 and 72 hours. Factorial designs were used for statistical analyses. Tukey tests were used for two-by-two comparisons. All the statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS 26. DAD results showed no formation of the growth inhibition zone in all the samples after 24 and 72 hours. The microbial colony counts in the BIA and DCA tests in the groups modified with FHA nanoparticles were significantly lower than the pure MTA group ( P < 0.05 ). The microbial colony counts increased in all the groups over time ( P < 0.05 ). Incorporating nano-FHA into MTA improved the antimicrobial activity of MTA against E. faecalis compared to pure MTA. The highest antimicrobial activity was achieved after incorporating 15 wt% of nano-FHA into MTA at the 72-hour interval.

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EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.) DAN DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) TERHADAP ZONA HAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus

STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa ◽

10.36456/stigma.vol10.no1.a635 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

Author(s):

F.E Afiff ◽

Susie Amilah

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone ◽

Large Growth ◽

Method Paper

Has conducted research on the effectiveness of various concentrations of noni leaf extract (Morinda citrifolia L.) And red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) the growth inhibition zone of staphylococcus aureus. Inhibition test using paper disc diffusion method. Paper discs soaked in noni leaf extract and red betel leaf for 30 minutes and placed on media that has been spread bacteria staphylococcus aureus and then incubated for 24 hours. The results showed that noni leaf extract and red betel leaves with a concentration of 40%, 60% and 80% affecting large growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus.

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