Identification of Candida spp. in the oral cavity in patients with malignant diseases

Background/Aim. Oral candidiasis frequently causes discomfort in patients treated for malignant diseases, acting as well as a potential source of systemic infection. This disease may present itself through different clinical manifestations of both acute or chronic type. The aim of this study was to identify different Candida species from oral cavities of patients suffering from malignant diseases. Methods. Thirty patients admitted to the hospital for diagnostics/treatment of malignant diseases were included in this investigation. All subjects had visible changes of oral mucosa in the form of pseudomembranes and inflammation corresponding to oral candidiasis. Control group included 30 non-hospitalized patients diagnosed with candidiasis. Diagnosis of oral candidiasis was confirmed in all patients by microbiological analysis of tongue swabs. For microbiota identification, three different tests were used: germination test, fungal growth test on corn meal agar, and biochemical identification with commercially available ID 32 C kit (bio-Merieux, Marcy-l?Etoile, France). Results. Out of 30 isolates collected from hospitalized patients, 90% was related to Candida albicans, 7% was identified as Candida kefyr, and 3% as Candida famata. In samples collected from non-hospitalized controls, we isolated Candida albicans in 90% of the cases, in 7% Candida kefyr, while in 3% we identified Candida glabrata. Conclusion. Based on this investigation, oral candidiasis in patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is mainly caused by Candida albicans. It is to be expected that Candida albicans will remain the most significant causative agent of oral candidasis, although we must bear in mind the possibility of other pathogenic species.

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Treatment with Candida albicans biotherapic influences in vitro fungal adhesion to Ma-104 cells

International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 ◽

10.51910/ijhdr.v10i36.487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (36) ◽

pp. 152-154

Author(s):

Beatriz Guerreiro Basílio Costa ◽

Camila Monteiro Siqueira ◽

Gleyce Moreno Barbosa ◽

Venicio Feo Da Veiga ◽

Maristela Barbosa Portela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Host Cells ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Morphological Aspects

Background: Oral candidiasis is an opportunist fungal infection in humans, mainly caused by Candida albicans. It occurs when the host presents an imbalance in the immune system and Candida spp., normally found in human flora, become able to develop the infection [1]. This disease is very common in HIV patients, and in all individuals that present immunossupression, such as patients treated with chemotherapy. Considering this scenario, the development of new medicines to treat oral candidiasis is mandatory. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate citotoxicity, morphology and quantify the adhesion rates of C. albicans to biotherapic-treated Ma104 cells. Methodology: The biotherapic was prepared following the Roberto Costa technique and Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia protocol [2]. Briefly, biotherapic 1X was prepared with 1 mL of aqueous solution containing 108 yeasts of living Candida albicans plus 9 ml of sterile distilled water. This solution was submmited to 100 mechanical succussions. Biotherapic 2X was obtained after addition of 1 ml of 1X solution in 9 ml of sterile distilled water and it was also submitted to 100 mechanical succussions. This procedure was repeated until biotherapic 30X was obtained. As a control, sterile dynamized water (30X) was used. The inhibition of fungal growth induced by biotherapic was evaluated by MTT method after 24 hours of treatment. The morphological aspects of Ma104-biotherapic-treated cells were analyzed by Giemsa staining after 5, 10 and 60 days, and compared with control groups (water 30X and untreated cells). Additionally, Ma104 cells were treated during 5 and 30 days with biotherapic in parallel with respective controls, and the index adhesion of yeast cells was quantified. Results: The biotherapic was not able to reduce the viability of treated C. albicans when compared with controls. On the other hand, Ma104 treated cells presented important morphological alterations after 60 days, such as: cytoplasmic vacuoles, halos around the nucleolus and elongation of the plasmatic membrane. These changes were not observed in ,untreated cells nor in ones treated with water 30X. The adhesion index to Ma104 cells was reduced around 27% after 5 and 30 days of treatment when compared to controls. Conclusion: These results showed that the biotherapic did not present any citotoxicity, but was able to modify the morphological aspects of Ma-104 cells. Additionally, the interaction between host cells and ethilogic agent is directly influenced by biotherapic treatment, suggesting a promising antifungal potential of this medicine.

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Efek Proteksi Ekstrak Etanol Stichopus hermanii Terhadap Jumlah Limfosit pada Tikus yang Terpapar Asap Rokok dan Diinduksi Candida albicans

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v9i2.12 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Auliasari Yunanda ◽

Syamsulina Revianti ◽

Isidora Karsini

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Test

Latar Belakang: Merokok berhubungan dengan jamur rongga mulut yang dapat mengakibatkan oral candidiasis. Stichopus hermanii mengandung efek antioksidan, antifungi dan immunostimulator. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efek proteksi ekstrak Stichopus hermanii terhadap jumlah limfosit pada tikus Wistar yang terpapar asap rokok dan diinduksi C.albicans. Bahan dan Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah post test-only control group design. 42 ekor tikus Wistar jantan, dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok, Kelompok1 (saline 0,1mL, udara segar, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok2 (saline 0,1mL, asap rokok, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok3 (C.albicans 0,1mL, udara segar, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok4 (C.albicans 0,1mL, asap rokok, CMC-Na 0,2%), Kelompok5 (saline 0,1mL, asap rokok, ekstrak Stichopus hermanii 0,02mg/kgBB), Kelompok6 (C.albicans 0,1mL, udara segar, ekstrak Stichopus hermanii 0,02mg/kgBB), Kelompok7 (C.albicans 0,1 mL, asap rokok, ekstrak Stichopus hermanii 0,02mg/kgBB). Tikus Wistar diinduksi C.albicans 1 minggu, terpapar asap rokok 8 minggu, dan diberi ekstrak Stichopus hermanii 8 minggu. Selanjutnya, tikus Wistar dikorbankan setelah 2 bulan perlakuan. Jumlah limfosit dihitung melalui metode hapusan darah dengan different counting dibawah mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 1000x. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Kelompok yang terpapar asap rokok dan diinduksi C.albicans memiliki dapat menurunkan jumlah limfosit, kelompok suplementasi menggunakan ekstrak ethanol Stichopus hermanii dapat meningkatkan jumlah limfosit. Simpulan: Suplementasi ekstrak Stichopus hermanii memiliki efek protektif untuk memicu proliferasi limfosit pada tikus Wistar setelah paparan asap rokok dan induksi C.albicans.

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Orodispersible Film Loaded with Enterococcus faecium CRL183 Presents Anti-Candida albicans Biofilm Activity In Vitro

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13070998 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 998

Author(s):

Virgínia Barreto Lordello ◽

Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin ◽

Sarah Raquel de Annunzio ◽

Maria Pía Taranto ◽

Marlus Chorilli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Enterococcus Faecium ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Sem Images ◽

Control Film ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: Probiotic bacteria have been emerging as a trustworthy choice for the prevention and treatment of Candida spp. infections. This study aimed to develop and characterize an orodispersible film (ODF) for delivering the potentially probiotic Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 into the oral cavity, evaluating its in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Methods and Results: The ODF was composed by carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, and potato starch, and its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were studied. The probiotic resistance and viability during processing and storage were evaluated as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against C. albicans. The ODFs were thin, resistant, and flexible, with neutral pH and microbiologically safe. The probiotic resisted the ODF obtaining process, demonstrating high viability (>9 log10 CFU·g−1), up to 90 days of storage at room temperature. The Probiotic Film promoted 68.9% of reduction in fungal early biofilm and 91.2% in its mature biofilm compared to the group stimulated with the control film. Those results were confirmed through SEM images. Conclusion: The probiotic ODF developed is a promising strategy to prevent oral candidiasis, since it permits the local probiotic delivery, which in turn was able to reduce C. albicans biofilm formation.

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Denture Stomatitis: Report of a Case with Rarely Used Treatment Modality and Review of Literature

International Healthcare Research Journal ◽

10.26440/ihrj/0405.08029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 116-119

Author(s):

Parul Uppal Malhotra ◽

Neera Ohri ◽

Yagyeshwar Malhotra ◽

Anindita Mallik

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Candida Species ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Dimorphic Fungus ◽

Denture Stomatitis ◽

Microbial Invasion

Candida albicans is the most common Candida species isolated from the oral cavity both in healthy and diseased. Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus existing both in blastopore phase (yeast phase) and the hyphal or mycelial phase. Although these organisms typically colonize mucocutaneous surfaces, the latter can be portals of entry into deeper tissues when host defences are compromised. Denture stomatitis is a common form of oral candidiasis that manifests as a diffuse inflammation of the maxillary denture bearing areas & is associated with angular cheilitis. At least 70% of individuals with clinical signs of denture stomatitis exhibit fungal growth & these conditions most likely result from yeast colonization of the oral mucosa combined with Bacterial colonization. Candida species act as an endogenous infecting agent on tissue predisposed by chronic trauma to microbial invasion. At one time, oral fungal infections were rare findings in general dentist's office. They were more commonly seen in hospitalized and severely debilitated patients. However with enhanced medical and pharmaceutical technology, increasing numbers of ambulatory immunosuppressed individuals with oral fungal infections are seeking out general dentists for diagnosis and treatment of these lesions.

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Application of Hydro-ethanol Extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) in the Treatment of Experimental Murine Oral Candidiasis

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jocamr/2019/v7i230098 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Oluwole Moses David ◽

Margaret Olutayo Alese ◽

Tobi Oyewole ◽

Oluwole Ojo Alese ◽

Adekunle Adegbuyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Tithonia Diversifolia ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Oral Infections

Background: Oral infection caused by Candida spp. is a major healthcare problem in dental and oral care. Treatment failure has been reported in cases of oral candidiasis as a result of resistance to common antifungals. Aim and Objective: In this study, the in vitro and in vivo activities of extract of Tithonia diversifolia against virulence factor-borne and antifungal resistant-Candida albicans were investigated. Candida albicans was isolated from the saliva of patients attending a tertiary hospital in Ekiti State. Methodology: Standard methods were used to determine the presence of virulence factors in the isolates. In vitro and in vivo anti-candidal activities of the hydro-ethanolic extract of T. diversifolia were also tested on the test fungus. Results: The virulence factors have varying percentage of occurrence in all the isolates with catalase having the highest. Itraconazole and nystatin were not effective against the isolates. Out of the six isolates selected (based on antifungal resistance) only three produced strong biofilm. The reduction in the population of the test organisms by the extract was time and concentration dependent. At the end of candidal challenge and treatment assays, extract of T. diversifolia has lower anti-candidal property compared to nystatin. Conclusion: This study has shown that C. albicans associated with the mouth carries virulence factors and are resistant to common antifungals. In this work, we noticed antifungal effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of T. diversifolia on C. albicans associated with oral infections.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK METHANOL DAUN Acanthus ilicifolius TOPIKAL TERHADAP JUMLAH MAKROFAG PADA PENYEMBUHAN MODEL ORAL CANDIDIASIS DENGAN KONDISI IMUNOSUPRESI

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v13i1.182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dwi Andriani ◽

Diana Soesilo ◽

Ghora Setyawan

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Corticosteroid Drugs ◽

Anti Fungal

Background: Corticosteroid has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, unfortunately long-term usege of corticosteroid drugs can suppressed immune system. This condition makes Candida albicans as an opportunistic phatogen caused Oral Candidiasis. Macrophages have an important role in the first defense against infection. Methanol extract of A.ilicifolius leaf has anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory compounds to fight the growth of Candida albicans. Purpose: To determine the effect of methanol extract of A.ilicifolius leaf theraphy to the amount of macrophages in the healing pricess of oral candidiasis models with immunosuppressed conditions. Method: This study was true experimental with post test only control group design. Thirty-six strain wistar, 3 months old, and 250 grams of weight which were given dexamethason 0.5 mg and tetracycline 0.5mg for 7days, after Candida albican(ATCC10231) was induced for 2 weeks (3 times/week). Rats were divided into 6 groups: untreated(K-), nystatin(K+), A.ilicifolius 8%(P1), A.ilicifolius 12%(P2), A.ilicifolius 16%(P3), A.ilicifolius 20%(P4 ) all groups were treated for 2 weeks. After being treated, the rats tongue biopsied to examine the macrophages with Haematoxylin-eosin staining and observed with microscope (400x magnification). Data analyzed statistically by One-way ANOVA. Results: the amount of macrophages at K+(47.60±4.16), P4(40.20±3.56), P3(36.20±1.92), P2(17.00±2.45) were greater than K-(15.60±4.56), P1(14.60±2.70). there are no significant difference between group K- with P1 and P2, P3 with P4. There are significant difference between group K- with K+, K- with P3 and P4. K+ with P1, P2, P3 and P4. Group P1 with P3 and P4. Group P2 with P3 and P4. Conclusion: A.ilicifolius extract can increase the amount of macrophages in oral candidiasis immunosuppression models

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Evaluation of the frequency of Candida spp. in hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.169623 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 644-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. N. Vieira ◽

A. M. Feijó ◽

M. E. Bueno ◽

C. L. Gonçalves ◽

R. G. Lund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Candida Species ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

The Other ◽

Medical Clinic ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar ◽

Peptone Water

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of Candida species between a non-hospitalized and a hospitalized population. For this purpose, samples of saliva were sampled through sterile swabs, moistened in peptone water and rubbed in the oral cavity of 140 individuals, from which, 70 were hospitalized patients from the Medical Clinic of a Teaching Hospital and the other 70 were non-hospitalized subjects. All saliva samples were plated in Sabouraud Dextrose agar added with Chloramphenicol and incubated at 36 °C for 48 hours. The morphology identification was performed through macroscopic and microscopic characterization, the CHROMagar Candida medium and the VITEK® system Yeast Biochemical Card (bio Mérieux SA, France). The results showed a colonization of Candida spp. in 85.7% the hospitalized individuals, where the species found were C. albicans (60%), C. tropicalis (23.4%), C. krusei (3.3%) and Candida spp. (13.3%). In the non-hospitalized individuals the colonization by Candida spp was 47.1%, and the species found were: C. albicans (45.5%), C.krusei (9.1%), C. guilliermondii (9.1% %), C. tropicalis (3.0%), C. famata (3.0%) and Candida spp. (30.3%). In spite of their presence in oral cavity in both groups, Candida spp. was more frequently isolated in hospitalized individuals, who were 6.73 times more likely to have this fungus in the oral cavity and were 3.88 times more likely to have Candida albicans.

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Candida albicans—The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7020079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Jasminka Talapko ◽

Martina Juzbašić ◽

Tatjana Matijević ◽

Emina Pustijanac ◽

Sanja Bekić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

The Body ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Normal Flora ◽

Virulence Traits ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Wide Range

Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that colonizes the oropharyngeal cavity, gastrointestinal and vaginal tract, and healthy individuals’ skin. In 50% of the population, C. albicans is part of the normal flora of the microbiota. The various clinical manifestations of Candida species range from localized, superficial mucocutaneous disorders to invasive diseases that involve multiple organ systems and are life-threatening. From systemic and local to hereditary and environmental, diverse factors lead to disturbances in Candida’s normal homeostasis, resulting in a transition from normal flora to pathogenic and opportunistic infections. The transition in the pathophysiology of the onset and progression of infection is also influenced by Candida’s virulence traits that lead to the development of candidiasis. Oral candidiasis has a wide range of clinical manifestations, divided into primary and secondary candidiasis. The main supply of C. albicans in the body is located in the gastrointestinal tract, and the development of infections occurs due to dysbiosis of the residential microbiota, immune dysfunction, and damage to the muco-intestinal barrier. The presence of C. albicans in the blood is associated with candidemia–invasive Candida infections. The commensal relationship exists as long as there is a balance between the host immune system and the virulence factors of C. albicans. This paper presents the virulence traits of Candida albicans and clinical manifestations of specific candidiasis.

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Epidemiology of oral candidiasis: a household-based population survey in a medium-sized city in Amazonas

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18664 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e127101018664

Author(s):

Ellen Roberta Lima Bessa ◽

Luciane Dias de Oliveira ◽

Ana Bessa Muniz ◽

Giselle Diniz Guimarães da Silva ◽

Ormezinda Celeste Cristo Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Urban Area ◽

Elderly People ◽

Rural Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Elderly Person ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

The Elderly ◽

Species Differentiation

There was an increase in the number of elderly people in Brazil and, along with this fact, there was an increase in the incidence of oral candidiasis in this population, so the early identification of the disease and the etiologic agent for effective intervention is essential. The study aimed to describe the prevalence of oral candidiasis and its clinical manifestations, identifying Candida yeast species and their prevalence in the palatine mucosa and dentures in the palatine mucosa and dentures, comparing these factors in rural and urban elderly people in this city. The study was conducted in the city of Tefé, Amazonas, with elderly people aged 65 to 74 years old registered in primary health care services in urban and rural areas, where through sample calculation we had a total sample of 484 elderly people after losses and refusals. These elderly people were randomly selected from within the entire public service network, which enabled the samples to be collected in all municipal Basic Health Units. Data collection included clinical oral examinations (use, duration, and need for dental prosthesis) and collection of biological material with swabs, which were stored in CHROMAgar™ Candida medium, during home visits to determine the prevalence of the species through staining and colony morphology. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata MP software, using relative and absolute frequencies. The prevalence of oral candidiasis was found in 20.7% of the elderly in the different areas of residence studied. A greater number of cases and clinical manifestations of the disease were found in elderly people living in urban areas (p < 0.05). The odds ratios for developing the disease were higher in women, edentulous elderly, and users of dental prostheses. Candida albicans species were prevalent in infection and colonization of prostheses, while oral colonization showed similar percentages among Candida non-albicans (p = 0.657). As for the prevalence of species about the studied area of residence, Candida albicans prevailed in the urban area and Candida non-albicans in the rural area (p <0.05). In conclusion, this study identified a high prevalence of oral candidiasis in elderly participants in the research, who were mainly infected with Candida albicans species, but when comparing the living areas of the elderly, those living in the urban area had more prevalent colonization in the area. urban and Candida non-albicans in the rural area, therefore, species differentiation was found regarding the place where the elderly person lives.

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Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) Ekstrak Propolis Lawang terhadap Candida albicans

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v7i1.2017.37-42 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Alvita Wibowo ◽

Ira Widjiastuti ◽

Widya Saraswati

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Root Canal ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Active Components ◽

Propolis Extract ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

Background: Candida albicans is the most resistant fungi in root canals. The existence of Candida albicans after root canal treatment can cause the failure of root canal treatment. The prevalence of this case is 36,7%. Propolis is a resinous substance which has many pharmaceutical and biological effects such as antimicrobial activities. Its active components include flavonoid, saponin, and tannin, have an important role in antimicrobial activities. In this study, antifungal aspect of propolis extract was investigated. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of propolis extract againts Candida albicans. Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental study. Propolis extract produced by propolis farm from Lawang. The antifungal activity test was performed by colony counting fungi in sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) to determine the value of MFC of propolis extract againts Candida albicans. Result: At the concentration of 72,5%, 73,5%, 74,5%, 75,5%, 76,5%, and 77,5% there are decreases in the number of Candida albicans fungal colonies when compared with positive control group. There are significant differences in each study group (p<0,05). At the concentraion of 76,5% was not revealed any fungal growth of Candida albicans, it was because the antifungal effect of propolis extract has reached MFC. Conclusion: The minimum fungicidal concentration of propolis extract againts Candida albicans is 76,5%.

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