Addresses by Elihu Root on International Subjects

1918 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Charlemagne Tower
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Monroe Doctrine ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Impression ◽  
The Hague ◽  
International Thought

The first impression that we obtain upon opening this book is one rather of surprise at the extraordinarily wide range of subjects which Mr. Root has treated in the course of his addresses and speeches on international questions, to which the volume is confined, — a range that covers the ground and sets forth the essential facts as well as the arguments which have served to build up American public opinion and to direct the international thought of this country for almost a generation. The relations with Japan, the Panama Canal, the Conferences at The Hague, the rights and duties of nations, and the protection of citizens residing abroad, have filled a large part of public attention during the last quarter of a century; indeed, some of the questions included here, like the intercourse with Mexico and the Monroe Doctrine, have held the public interest since long before our own time.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance of Artificial Intelligence in the Public Interest

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Peter Cihon ◽  
Jonas Schuett ◽  
Seth D. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
The U.S

Corporations play a major role in artificial intelligence (AI) research, development, and deployment, with profound consequences for society. This paper surveys opportunities to improve how corporations govern their AI activities so as to better advance the public interest. The paper focuses on the roles of and opportunities for a wide range of actors inside the corporation—managers, workers, and investors—and outside the corporation—corporate partners and competitors, industry consortia, nonprofit organizations, the public, the media, and governments. Whereas prior work on multistakeholder AI governance has proposed dedicated institutions to bring together diverse actors and stakeholders, this paper explores the opportunities they have even in the absence of dedicated multistakeholder institutions. The paper illustrates these opportunities with many cases, including the participation of Google in the U.S. Department of Defense Project Maven; the publication of potentially harmful AI research by OpenAI, with input from the Partnership on AI; and the sale of facial recognition technology to law enforcement by corporations including Amazon, IBM, and Microsoft. These and other cases demonstrate the wide range of mechanisms to advance AI corporate governance in the public interest, especially when diverse actors work together.

Introduction: Patchwork Leviathans

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Erin Metz McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Weak State ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stereotypical Image ◽  
Internal Variation

This introductory chapter goes beyond the stereotypical image of dysfunctional public service to argue that many seemingly weak state “leviathans” are instead patchworked. What this means is that they are cobbled together from scarce available resources. They have a wide range of internal variation in organizational capacities sewn loosely together into the semblance of unity. The chapter thus reveals a striking empirical observation with theoretical implications for how to conceptualize states and state capacity: amid general organizational weakness and neopatrimonial politics, there are a few spectacularly effective state agencies dedicating their full working capacity to the routine satisfaction of organizational goals in the public interest. These are the subcultural niches of the bureaucratic ethos that manage to thrive against impressive odds.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-234
Author(s):  
Jon Elster
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
The Public ◽  
Group Interest ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Ancien Régime

This chapter emphasizes the incompleteness of knowledge on key economic variables, which is in part due to the reluctance of individuals, from all social classes, to comply with requests for information. It notes how individuals and institutions had an incentive to misreport, exaggerate, or understate their income and property. At a different level, statements by royal officials, venal magistrates, and elected deputies can rarely be taken at face value. The chapter analyzes the universal tendency of speakers or writers to disguise self-interest or group interest as the public interest. It also argues that by the end of the ancien régime, public opinion was considered a poor substitute for publicity as it is often based on rumors rather than on facts in the public domain.

scholarly journals Analysis of Public Opinion in Colleges and Universities Based on Wireless Web Crawler Technology in the Context of Artificial Intelligence

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
WenNing Wu ◽  
ZhengHong Deng
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Web Crawler ◽  
The Public ◽  
User Influence ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Web

Wi-Fi-enabled information terminals have become enormously faster and more powerful because of this technology’s rapid advancement. As a result of this, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) was born. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used in a wide range of societal contexts. It has had a significant impact on the realm of education. Using big data to support multistage views of every subject of opinion helps to recognize the unique characteristics of each aspect and improves social network governance’s suitability. As public opinion in colleges and universities becomes an increasingly important vehicle for expressing public opinion, this paper aims to explore the concepts of public opinion based on the web crawler and CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model. Web crawler methodology is utilised to gather the data given by students of college and universities and mention them in different dimensions. This CNN has robust data analysis capability; this proposed model uses the CNN to analyse the public opinion. Preprocessing of data is done using the oversampling method to maximize the effect of classification. Through the association of descriptions, comprehensive utilization of image information like user influence, stances of comments, topics, time of comments, etc., to suggest guidance phenomenon for various schemes, helps to enhance the effectiveness and targeted social governance of networks. The overall experimentation was carried out in python here in which the suggested methodology was predicting the positive and negative opinion of the students over the web crawler technology with a low rate of error when compared to other existing methodology.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine and Social Media in the U.S.: Exploring Emotions and Discussions on Twitter

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Amir Karami ◽  
Michael Zhu ◽  
Bailey Goldschmidt ◽  
Hannah R. Boyajieff ◽  
Mahdi M. Najafabadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Public Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Sentiment

The understanding of the public response to COVID-19 vaccines is the key success factor to control the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the public response, there is a need to explore public opinion. Traditional surveys are expensive and time-consuming, address limited health topics, and obtain small-scale data. Twitter can provide a great opportunity to understand public opinion regarding COVID-19 vaccines. The current study proposes an approach using computational and human coding methods to collect and analyze a large number of tweets to provide a wider perspective on the COVID-19 vaccine. This study identifies the sentiment of tweets using a machine learning rule-based approach, discovers major topics, explores temporal trend and compares topics of negative and non-negative tweets using statistical tests, and discloses top topics of tweets having negative and non-negative sentiment. Our findings show that the negative sentiment regarding the COVID-19 vaccine had a decreasing trend between November 2020 and February 2021. We found Twitter users have discussed a wide range of topics from vaccination sites to the 2020 U.S. election between November 2020 and February 2021. The findings show that there was a significant difference between tweets having negative and non-negative sentiment regarding the weight of most topics. Our results also indicate that the negative and non-negative tweets had different topic priorities and focuses. This research illustrates that Twitter data can be used to explore public opinion regarding the COVID-19 vaccine.

scholarly journals NEW HISTORIES OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1390-1400
Author(s):  
TOM ARNOLD-FORSTER
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Professional Attitude ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
American Capitalism ◽  
Yellow Journalism

Will Irwin worked as a reporter and muckraker for ten years before he wrote The American newspaper (1911). Published by Collier's magazine over fifteen issues, it was a pioneering study of ‘journalism in its relation to the public’, and it has been much cited by historians. Irwin argued that American newspapers in the early twentieth century had come to possess enormous power; indeed, ‘no other extrajudicial force, except religion, is half so powerful’. Newspapers had been significant influences on public opinion since the early nineteenth century and had become even more important and popular with the rise of ‘yellow journalism’ in the 1890s. But Irwin worried about conflicts between ‘the business attitude’, which insisted that newspapers were commercial products above all, and ‘the professional attitude’, which identified journalism with civic education and the public interest. He was especially anxious about ‘the advertising influence’, on which newspapers depended for economic survival, and which necessarily damaged their journalism. For when advertisers wanted stories spiked or editorials altered, they generally had their way. And when publishers courted businessmen over drinks and dinner, they grew fat and corrupt. So ‘the perplexity of free journalism’ was that ‘so long as our American capitalism retains its insolence and its ruthlessness of method, commercial publishers of million-dollar newspapers must recognize this [advertising] influence whether they like it or no. And many of them do like it.’ Irwin's sense that newspapers claimed to be the people's tribunes but often served their owner's interests made him think that ‘the system is dishonest to its marrow’. Thus his study raised some enduring questions for historians: why were newspapers so powerful? How important were their publishers? Is free journalism ever possible?

scholarly journals Truth Distancing? Whistleblowing as Remedy to Censorship during COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
Vigjilenca ABAZI
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

In the COVID-19 pandemic, whistleblowers have become the essential watchdogs disrupting suppression and control of information. Many governments have intentionally not disclosed information or failed to do so in a timely manner, misled the public or even promoted false beliefs. Fierce public interest defenders are pushing back against this censorship. Dr Fen and Dr Wenliang were the first whistleblowers in China to report that a new pandemic was possibly underway, and ever since, numerous other whistleblowers around the world have been reporting on the spread of the virus, the lack of medical equipment and other information of public interest. This paper maps the relevant whistleblowing cases in China, the USA and Europe and shows that many whistleblowers are initially censored and face disciplinary measures or even dismissals. At the same time, whistleblowing during the COVID-19 pandemic has drawn public attention to the shortcomings of institutional reporting systems and a wider appreciation of whistleblowers as uniquely placed to expose risk at early stages. Ultimately, whistleblowing as a means of transparency is not only becoming ever less controversial, but during COVID-19 it has become the “remedy” to censorship.

The policy battle over information and digital policy regulation: a canadian perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Geist
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Development Process ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
Consumer Perspectives ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMany countries find their information and digital policies still dominated by traditional stakeholders, particularly the content industry, major telecom companies, and marketing groups, yet Canada has experienced a notable shift in perspective with a strong and influential public interest voice. This shift toward public interest and participation in the development of Canadian information and digital policies has led to legislation, regulation, and policy outcomes that once seemed highly unlikely. This Article seeks to better understand the changing role of the public in Canadian information and digital policymaking by framing the developments as an ongoing policy development process featuring a series of closely linked changes and responses. The emergence of public participation on information and digital policy issues occurred across a spectrum of issues, yet the traits were strikingly similar: grassroots efforts reliant on social media and the Internet to capture media and public attention and focus it on consumer perspectives, minimal interest from government and regulators; and initial dismissal giving way to hostility from incumbent stakeholders. The Article identifies some of the reasons behind the shift, including the growing importance of information and digital policies, the impact of digital advocacy tools, and the shifting policy pyramid in which users have now largely leapfrogged corporate interests as policy influencers. While the shift does not mean the public interest wins on every issue, it does suggest an important change in influence with long-term ramifications for the development of information and digital policy in Canada that others may seek to emulate.

scholarly journals Assessing ‘good governance’:‘scientific’ measurement and political discourse

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Authority

The idea of governance – as distinct from government – has become intellectually fashionable in academic circles over the past decade or so, constituting a new conceptual paradigm that embodies ideas about the dispersal and fragmentation of formerly centralised state authority, the increasing involvement of civil society in the delivery of public goods and services, and the networked collaboration of a wide range of governmental and nongovernmental bodies in the pursuit of public purposes and the public interest.

scholarly journals Public attitudes toward child sexual abuse in Serbia

Temida ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Nikola Petkovic ◽  
Mirjana Djordjevic ◽  
Vasilije Balos
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sexual Harrassment

Bringing public attention to the topic of sexual harrassment of children in Serbia during 2010 as well as the series of arrests of persons suspected of ?peadophilia?, encouraged authors to conduct a study which will analyze the public opinion about sexual child abuse. The study is conducted using a sample of 804 people in three comparative categories, laymans, professionals who work with potential victims and sexual abusers, and students of the Belgrade university. Besides assessing how well the persons in question are informed and assessing their concrete knowledge, the authors will evaluate standpoints in five dimensions questioning the perception of the term child, the term abuser and cause often abusing, stands regarding punative measures for sexual delinquents, stands regarding victimization of children with developmental disorders and finally the perception of the child regarding the abuse.

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