Laboring on the Periphery: Managers and Workers at the A. M. Byers Company, 1900–1956

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
Administrative Control ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Simple Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Family Attitude

Although historians have thoroughly discussed the impact of transformations in the workplace and the corporate structure that accompanied the rise of modern business enterprises, Professor Santos argues that they have ignored the traditional firms that continued to exist amid these changes. Constituting a significant portion of companies operating in the industrial economy, firms like Byers employed simple systems of managerial control based on the entrepreneurs' personal authority and property interest in the business. While labor policy at modern corporations was shaped by the managers' need to establish administrative control over the production and distribution systems, Byers's labor policy was defined by family attitude and the company's history.

scholarly journals The impact of corporate governance legislation on the market for corporate ownership

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Joseph Canada ◽  
Tanya Benford ◽  
Vicky Arnold ◽  
Steve G. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Corporate Ownership ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
Corporate Scandals ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

Over the past few years, the number of corporate scandals and failures throughout the world has escalated, prompting new legislation designed to enhance corporate governance. While the efforts to legislate corporate governance policies are designed to protect the public interest, they have altered the relationship between shareholders and management (Canada et al. 2008). Rather than be subjected to new corporate governance requirements, many companies have indicated an interest in not being traded on the various stock exchanges and have chosen to alter their corporate structure. The purpose of this study is to examine how a company‟s decision to shift corporate ownership and/or corporate control in the face of new corporate governance legislation and regulatory requirements can alter the traditional markets for ownership and control. In order to examine this issue, the paper first develops a typology for predicting the type of organizational restructuring that might occur. This typology incorporates factors from prior research and disentangles the market for ownership from the market for corporate control. The typology is then used as a basis for an in-depth examination of an organization whose corporate structure changed in response to mandated changes in corporate governance. The results provide evidence that corporate governance legislation can potentially induce incumbent management to voluntarily compete in the market for ownership, notwithstanding the associated exposure in the market for managerial control

Extraintestinal Foodborne Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee W. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens ◽  
The Impact

In general, foodborne diseases present themselves with gastrointestinal symptoms caused by bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens well established to be foodborne. These pathogens are also associated with extraintestinal clinical manifestations. Recent studies have suggested that Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which both cause common extraintestinal infections such as urinary tract and bloodstream infections, may also be foodborne. The resolution and separation of these organisms into pathotypes versus commensals by modern genotyping methods have led to the identification of key lineages of these organisms causing outbreaks of extraintestinal infections. These epidemiologic observations suggested common- or point-source exposures, such as contaminated food. Here, we describe the spectrum of extraintestinal illnesses caused by recognized enteric pathogens and then review studies that demonstrate the potential role of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and K. pneumoniae as foodborne pathogens. The impact of global food production and distribution systems on the possible foodborne spread of these pathogens is discussed.

scholarly journals The impact of the Risks of the Input of Accounting Information Systems on Managerial Control, Accounting Control and Internal Control in Commercial Banks in Jordan

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Mohammed AL-Sharairi ◽  
Atallah Al-Hosban ◽  
Hussan Thnaibat
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Administrative Control ◽  
Accounting Control ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed at determining the impact of the risks of the input of the accounting information systems on the accounting control, administrative control, and internal control. The questionnaire was used to obtain the study data. The study community consisted of internal auditors in commercial banks. Statistical methods were used such as: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, , and Kronbach Alpha test. The most important results of the study: the impact of the risks of accounting information systems on administrative control and accounting control and internal control. One of the most important recommendations: the need to document all the data of the accounting system, and the need to train staff on how to reduce the risks of accounting information systems in general.

scholarly journals CURRENT TRENDS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN MODEL OF ENSURING THE QUALITY OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Kyryliuk ◽  
Yevhenii Kyryliuk ◽  
Alina Proshchalykina ◽  
Volodymyr Hunia
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Voluntary Certification ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The most important task of the modern agrarian policy for the development of the meat products sub-complex is to maintain and increase the level of meat production, stimulate the expansion of its range and degree of processing, as well as to improve the quality. The country's transition to market relations necessitates further improvement of the economic mechanism of management in the meat products sub-complex, their reorientation to stimulate the production of competitive products, considering consumer demand. The article aims to reveal modern approaches to guaranteeing the quality and safety of livestock products in the EU and substantiate the possibilities of their application in Ukraine. This work reveals modern approaches to guarantee the quality and safety of animal products in the EU and justify their possible use in Ukraine. The key elements of the new food safety concept in the EU, rooted in the early 2000s are discovered. The specific legislation governing food safeties in the EU is shoved up. The features of the system of quality certification and livestock products produced with food are discovered. Directions for the formation of an effective system for ensuring the quality and safety of organic livestock products are proposed. The experience of product quality management in the meat sub-complex of the EU countries is revealed. The trends of the European system of compulsory labelling of animal welfare in the manufacture of certain types of livestock production and distribution systems of the voluntary certification program for the protection of animals are revealed. The problems in quality due to the intensification of livestock are noted. The trends and modern approaches to improving knowledge about the impact of a number of substances and ingredients contained in animal products, on human health are analysed

scholarly journals Less than half of the European dietary recommendations for fish consumption are satisfied by national seafood supplies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Lofstedt ◽  
Baukje de Roos ◽  
Paul G. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Purpose To review the seafood dietary recommendations of European countries and compare them to national seafood supplies. Methods Current seafood dietary recommendations were collated from national health authorities across Europe. Food balance sheets were downloaded from the FAO, and appropriate conversion factors were applied to each seafood commodity. Average net per capita seafood supplies from 2007 to 2017 were derived from data on imports and production for food from both capture fisheries and aquaculture, accounting for exports. Results Both national dietary recommendations and seafood supplies varied considerably throughout Europe. At a national level, on a per capita basis, only 13 out of the 31 of European dietary recommendations for fish consumption were satisfied by national seafood supplies. Most of the countries with coastal access, as well as those with traditional fish-eating cultures, such as France and countries in Northern Europe, had adequate seafood supplies to meet their recommendations. The landlocked countries of Central and Eastern Europe did not have enough seafood supplies to satisfy their recommendations. Conclusions Our findings emphasise the need to not only consider consumer health outcomes when developing and advocating dietary recommendations, but also the sustainability of food production systems. As many foods are not necessarily locally sourced but traded as part of global production and distribution systems, it is important to consider greater consistency between national dietary recommendations to facilitate more sustainable marine food systems.

scholarly journals The Impact of Energy Storage along with the Allocation of RES on the Reduction of Energy Costs Using MILP

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3783
Author(s):  
Mateusz Andrychowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Power Exchange ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The paper shows a method of optimizing local initiatives in the energy sector, such as energy cooperatives and energy clusters. The aim of optimization is to determine the structure of generation sources and energy storage in order to minimize energy costs. The analysis is carried out for the time horizon of one year, with an hourly increment, taking into account various RES (wind turbines (WT), photovoltaic installations (PV), and biogas power plant (BG)) and loads (residential, commercial, and industrial). Generation sources and loads are characterized by generation/demand profiles in order to take into account their variability. The optimization was carried out taking into account the technical aspects of the operation of distribution systems, such as power flows and losses, voltage levels in nodes, and power exchange with the transmission system, and economic aspects, such as capital and fixed and variable operating costs. The method was calculated by sixteen simulation scenarios using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP).

scholarly journals Modeling Bacterial Regrowth and Trihalomethane Formation in Water Distribution Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Gopinathan R. Abhijith ◽  
Leonid Kadinski ◽  
Avi Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Growth Rate Constant ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Regrowth ◽  
The Impact

The formation of bacterial regrowth and disinfection by-products is ubiquitous in chlorinated water distribution systems (WDSs) operated with organic loads. A generic, easy-to-use mechanistic model describing the fundamental processes governing the interrelationship between chlorine, total organic carbon (TOC), and bacteria to analyze the spatiotemporal water quality variations in WDSs was developed using EPANET-MSX. The representation of multispecies reactions was simplified to minimize the interdependent model parameters. The physicochemical/biological processes that cannot be experimentally determined were neglected. The effects of source water characteristics and water residence time on controlling bacterial regrowth and Trihalomethane (THM) formation in two well-tested systems under chlorinated and non-chlorinated conditions were analyzed by applying the model. The results established that a 100% increase in the free chlorine concentration and a 50% reduction in the TOC at the source effectuated a 5.87 log scale decrement in the bacteriological activity at the expense of a 60% increase in THM formation. The sensitivity study showed the impact of the operating conditions and the network characteristics in determining parameter sensitivities to model outputs. The maximum specific growth rate constant for bulk phase bacteria was found to be the most sensitive parameter to the predicted bacterial regrowth.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicles in Jordan: Challenges and Limitations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3199
Author(s):  
Laith Shalalfeh ◽  
Ashraf AlShalalfeh ◽  
Khaled Alkaradsheh ◽  
Mahmoud Alhamarneh ◽  
Ahmad Bashaireh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Stability Margins ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Node Distribution ◽  
The Impact

An increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) are replacing gasoline vehicles in the automobile market due to the economic and environmental benefits. The high penetration of EVs is one of the main challenges in the future smart grid. As a result of EV charging, an excessive overloading is expected in different elements of the power system, especially at the distribution level. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of EVs on the distribution system under three loading conditions (light, intermediate, and full). For each case, we estimate the maximum number of EVs that can be charged simultaneously before reaching different system limitations, including the undervoltage, overcurrent, and transformer capacity limit. Finally, we use the 19-node distribution system to study these limitations under different loading conditions. The 19-node system is one of the typical distribution systems in Jordan. Our work estimates the upper limit of the possible EV penetration before reaching the system stability margins.

scholarly journals A new meta-heuristic pathfinder algorithm for solving optimal allocation of solar photovoltaic system in multi-lateral distribution system for improving resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varaprasad Janamala
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA new meta-heuristic Pathfinder Algorithm (PFA) is adopted in this paper for optimal allocation and simultaneous integration of a solar photovoltaic system among multi-laterals, called interline-photovoltaic (I-PV) system. At first, the performance of PFA is evaluated by solving the optimal allocation of distribution generation problem in IEEE 33- and 69-bus systems for loss minimization. The obtained results show that the performance of proposed PFA is superior to PSO, TLBO, CSA, and GOA and other approaches cited in literature. The comparison of different performance measures of 50 independent trail runs predominantly shows the effectiveness of PFA and its efficiency for global optima. Subsequently, PFA is implemented for determining the optimal I-PV configuration considering the resilience without compromising the various operational and radiality constraints. Different case studies are simulated and the impact of the I-PV system is analyzed in terms of voltage profile and voltage stability. The proposed optimal I-PV configuration resulted in loss reduction of 77.87% and 98.33% in IEEE 33- and 69-bus systems, respectively. Further, the reduced average voltage deviation index and increased voltage stability index result in an improved voltage profile and enhanced voltage stability margin in radial distribution systems and its suitability for practical applications.

scholarly journals Optimal feedback control of stock prices under credit risk dynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghai Shao ◽  
Sovan Mitra ◽  
Andreas Karathanasopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Optimal Feedback Control ◽  
Dynamic Programming Principle ◽  
Price Model ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Optimal Feedback ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this paper we provide a stock price model that explicitly incorporates credit risk, under a stochastic optimal control system. The stock price model also incorporates the managerial control of credit risk through a control policy in the stochastic system. We provide explicit conditions on the existence of optimal feedback controls for the stock price model with credit risk. We prove the continuity of the value function, and then prove the dynamic programming principle for our system. Finally, we prove the Viscosity Solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. This paper is particularly relevant to industry, as the impact of credit risk upon stock prices has been prominent since the commencement of the Global Financial Crisis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document