scholarly journals Mechanical properties of orthodontic wires covered with a polyether ether ketone tube

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobukazu Shirakawa ◽  
Toshio Iwata ◽  
Shinjiro Miyake ◽  
Takero Otuka ◽  
So Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frictional Force ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Orthodontic Wire ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Coated Wires ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the esthetics and frictional force of an orthodontic wire passed through a newly designed tube made of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) resin. Materials and Methods: Two types of standard PEEK tubes were prepared at 0.5 × 0.6ф and 0.8 × 0.9ф, and different archwires were passed through the tubes. Color values were determined according to brightness and hues. Friction was assessed with different bracket-wire combinations, and surface roughness was determined by stereomicroscopy before and after the application of friction. Results: The PEEK tube showed a color difference that was almost identical to that of coated wires conventionally used in clinical practice, indicating a sufficient esthetic property. The result of the friction test showed that the frictional force was greatly reduced by passing the archwire through the PEEK tube in almost all of the archwires tested. Conclusions: Use of the new PEEK tube demonstrated a good combination of esthetic and functional properties for use in orthodontic appliances.

scholarly journals Friction Between Metallic Brackets Before and After Clinical Use: A Comparative Study

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Anna Paula Costa Ponte Sousa ◽  
Rafael Ferreira Freire ◽  
Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes ◽  
Rogério Bentes Kato ◽  
Marcelo Azenha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Orthodontic Wire ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Before And After

The friction is a factor that can result on changes in efficacy of sliding orthodontic mechanics. Different factors can impact on the friction force: the composition and properties of orthodontic wires and brackets, the cleaning of orthodontic braces, and even saliva. This study aimed to evaluate the friction in two brands before and after use in the oral environment. Ten patients from the orthopedic clinic of the Master’s of Dentistry, with two premolars bonded of each patient. The patients were divided, according with total number of brackets (n= 40): 2 control groups - without exposure to the buccal medium - (G1 and G2) and 2 experimental groups - with exposure to the buccal medium - (G3 and G4). The brackets were testes on a friction machine and evaluated in a two-way ANOVA test. It was observed that the brand used in groups G2 and G4 presented greater friction with the orthodontic wire and the G2 group brackets presented similar frictional force to G3, which had already been exposed to clinical use. Brazilian brackets brands presented an increased friction after clinical use.

scholarly journals Characterization of the coatings covering esthetic orthodontic archwires and their influence on the bending and frictional properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Muguruma ◽  
Masahiro Iijima ◽  
Toshihiro Yuasa ◽  
Kyotaro Kawaguchi ◽  
Itaru Mizoguchi
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Core Diameter ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Coated Wires

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the coatings covering esthetic orthodontic wires and the influence of such coatings on bending and frictional properties. Materials and Methods: Four commercially available, coated esthetic archwires were evaluated for their cross-sectional dimensions, surface roughness (Ra), nanomechanical properties (nanohardness, nanoelastic modulus), three-point bending, and static frictional force. Matched, noncoated control wires were also assessed. Results: One of the coated wires had a similar inner core dimension and elasticity compared to the noncoated control wire, and no significant differences between their static frictional forces were observed. The other coated wires had significantly smaller inner cores and lower elasticity compared to the noncoated wires, and one of them showed less static frictional force than the noncoated wire, while the other two coated wires had greater static frictional force compared to their noncoated controls. The dimension and elastic modulus of the inner cores were positively correlated (r = 0.640), as were frictional force and total cross-sectional (r = 0.761) or inner core (r = 0.709) dimension, elastic modulus (r = 0.777), nanohardness (r = 0.802), and nanoelastic modulus (r = 0.926). The external surfaces of the coated wires were rougher than those of their matched controls, and the Ra and frictional force were negatively correlated (r = −0.333). Conclusions: Orthodontic coated wires with small inner alloy cores withstand less force than expected and may be unsuitable for establishing sufficient tooth movement. The frictional force of coated wires is influenced by total cross-section diameter, inner core diameter, nanohardness, nanoelastic modulus, and elastic modulus.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of frictional force of a novel elastic bendable orthodontic wire

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-610
Author(s):  
Megumi Takada ◽  
Akira Nakajima ◽  
Shingo Kuroda ◽  
Shinya Horiuchi ◽  
Noriyoshi Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frictional Force ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Alloy Wire ◽  
Orthodontic Wire ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Titanium Nickel ◽  
Elastic Modules

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the frictional force (FF) of the novel, elastic, bendable titanium-niobium (Ti-Nb) alloy orthodontic wire in stainless steel (SS) brackets and to compare it with those of titanium-nickel (Ti-Ni) and titanium-molybdenum (Ti-Mo) alloy wires. Materials and Methods: Three sizes of Ti-Nb, Ti-Ni, and Ti-Mo alloy wires were ligated with elastic modules to 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch SS brackets. The dynamic FFs between the orthodontic wires and SS brackets were measured at three bracket-wire angles (0°, 5°, and 10°) with an Instron 5567 loading apparatus (Canton, Mass). Results: FFs increased gradually with the angle and wire size. In the 0.018-inch-slot bracket, the dynamic FFs of Ti-Nb and Ti-Ni alloy wires were almost the same, and those of the Ti-Mo alloy wire were significantly greater (P<0.05). FF values were 1.5–2 times greater in the 0.022-inch-slot bracket than in the 0.018-inch-slot bracket, regardless of alloy wire type, and the Ti-Mo alloy wire showed the greatest FF. Scanning electric microscopic images showed that the surface of the Ti-Mo alloy wire was much rougher than that of the Ti-Ni and Ti-Nb alloy wires. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the Ti-Nb alloy wire has almost the same frictional resistance as the Ti-Ni alloy wire, although it has a higher elastic modulus.

scholarly journals Titanium Nitride Plating Reduces Nickel Ion Release from Orthodontic Wire

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9745
Author(s):  
Arata Ito ◽  
Hideki Kitaura ◽  
Haruki Sugisawa ◽  
Takahiro Noguchi ◽  
Fumitoshi Ohori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Orthodontic Wire ◽  
The Wire

The leaching of metal ions from orthodontic appliances is a problem for their use in patients with metal allergies. Despite the development of a number of non-metal orthodontic appliances, including brackets, non-metal wires are not yet available. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the surfaces of orthodontic wires to prevent the leaching of metal ions into the oral environment for use in such patients. This study was performed to examine whether plating of orthodontic wire with titanium nitride (TiN), which does not impair its mechanical properties, could prevent the leaching of metal ions from the wire on immersion in acid. To investigate the acid corrosion resistance of the wire, the amount of metal ions eluted from the wire immersed in acid was measured by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test, the properties of the wire surface were examined by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the surface roughness was measured using a surface roughness tester. The results indicated that TiN plating of orthodontic wire significantly suppressed the elution of metal ions on immersion in acid.

Friction reduction and wear resistance of electro-co-deposited inorganic fullerene-like WS2 coating for improved stainless steel orthodontic wires

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2909-2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Redlich ◽  
Alex Gorodnev ◽  
Yishay Feldman ◽  
Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri ◽  
Reshef Tenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Force ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Tungsten Disulphide ◽  
Inorganic Fullerene ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Type ◽  
Coated Wires ◽  
Coated Surfaces

A new type of composite metal–nanoparticle coating that significantly reduces the friction force of various surfaces, particularly archwires in orthodontic applications, is demonstrated. The coating is based on electrodeposited Ni film impregnated with inorganic fullerene-like nanospheres of tungsten disulphide. The first encouraging tests have shown reduction of up to 60% of the friction force between coated rectangular archwires and self-ligating brackets in comparison with uncoated archwires. The coating not only significantly reduces friction of commercial archwires but also maintains this low value of friction for the duration of the tests in comparison to archwires coated with nickel film without the nanoparticles. The coated surfaces of the wires were examined by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive analyzer and by x-ray powder diffraction methods before and after the friction tests. Using these analyses, it was possible to qualitatively estimate the state of the Ni+IF-WS2 coating before and after the friction test compared to Ni coated wires without IF-WS2.

Corrosion Behaviour and Surface Modification of Intra-orally Engaged Orthodontic Ni-Ti Wires

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1080
Author(s):  
Krisztina Martha ◽  
Alexandru Ogodescu ◽  
Cristina Ioana Bica ◽  
Cristina Molnar Varlam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Surface Corrosion ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Method ◽  
Surface Changes

Almost all orthodontic wires suffer from corrosion as they are intra-orally engaged. This chemical structure alteration appears on the surface of these wires, surface topography can be easily visualised with scanning electron microscope method. The aim of our study was to assess the intraoral corrosion of the retrieved orthodontic Ni-Ti archwires. Archwire retrieval procedure yielded approximately 30 retrieved wires, placed intra-orally for 1-5 months. SEM analysis was performed and surface changes were interpreted. Our SEM results showed, that surface corrosion and pitting can be seen on the surface of retrieved Ni-Ti wires, the depth of corrosion depends on the time wires have been engaged in the oral cavity. With regards of metal liberation consequently surface corrosion, practitioners should be avare of these chemical changes which can affect the resistence of the orthodontic appliance and patient health.

scholarly journals A Study of Automatic Judgment of Food Color and Cooking Conditions with Artificial Intelligence Technology

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Chern-Sheng Lin ◽  
Yu-Ching Pan ◽  
Yu-Xin Kuo ◽  
Ching-Kun Chen ◽  
Chuen-Lin Tien
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Color Space Conversion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Algorithm ◽  
Time Image ◽  
Cooking Conditions

In this study, the machine vision and artificial intelligence algorithms were used to rapidly check the degree of cooking of foods and avoid the over-cooking of foods. Using a smart induction cooker for heating, the image processing program automatically recognizes the color of the food before and after cooking. The new cooking parameters were used to identify the cooking conditions of the food when it is undercooked, cooked, and overcooked. In the research, the camera was used in combination with the software for development, and the real-time image processing technology was used to obtain the information of the color of the food, and through calculation parameters, the cooking status of the food was monitored. In the second year, using the color space conversion, a novel algorithm, and artificial intelligence, the foreground segmentation was used to separate the vegetables from the background, and the cooking ripeness, cooking unevenness, oil glossiness, and sauce absorption were calculated. The image color difference and the distribution were used to judge the cooking conditions of the food, so that the cooking system can identify whether or not to adopt partial tumbling, or to end a cooking operation. A novel artificial intelligence algorithm is used in the relative field, and the error rate can be reduced to 3%. This work will significantly help researchers working in the advanced cooking devices.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) for the Acoustic Communication between Medical Implants

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Jorge Oevermann ◽  
Peter Weber ◽  
Steffen H. Tretbar
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Ether Ketone

The aim of this work was to extend conventional medical implants by the possibility of communication between them. For reasons of data security and transmitting distances, this communication should be realized using ultrasound, which is generated and detected by capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). These offer the advantage of an inherent high bandwidth and a high integration capability. To protect the surrounding tissue, it has to be encapsulated. In contrast to previous results of other research groups dealing with the encapsulation of CMUTs, the goal here is to integrate the CMUT into the housing of a medical implant. In this work, CMUTs were designed and fabricated for a center frequency of 2 MHz in water and experimentally tested on their characteristics for operation behind layers of Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and titanium, two typical materials for the housings of medical implants. It could be shown that with silicone as a coupling layer it is possible to operate a CMUT behind the housing of an implant. Although it changes the characteristics of the CMUT, the setup is found to be well suited for communication between two transducers over a distance of at least 8 cm.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Exercise in Physical Education Class on Health-Related Fitness in Female Children

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Marijana Sinđić ◽  
Draženka Mačak ◽  
Nikola Todorović ◽  
Bianka Purda ◽  
Maja Batez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance ◽  
Health Related Fitness

Integrated neuromuscular training (INT) showed benefits for improving fundamental movement skills (FMS). However, the INT health-related fitness (HRF) effects are lacking. The current study aimed to determine the effects of INT implemented during physical education (PE) in a primary school in the Republic of Serbia on HRF in female children. The sample consisted of 72 healthy girls who were divided into the intervention (EG: n = 37; mean ± SD: age = 8.17 ± 0.31) and control (CG: n = 35; age = 8.11 ± 0.31) groups. The EG and CG performed the INT program and traditional PE activities two times per week within the first ~15 min of PE class, respectively. The Fitnessgram battery tests assessed the HRF (body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular fitness, and flexibility) before and after the program. After eight weeks, the EG significantly reduced all fat measures, while the CG decreased only triceps skinfold but to a smaller extent (F = 5.92, p < 0.02, ŋ2 = 0.09). Both groups significantly improved the performance of almost all muscular fitness tests (curl-ups, trunk lift, push-ups); however, the EG increased the push-ups more than the CG (F = 9.01, p < 0.01, ŋ2 = 0.14). The EG additionally improved the modified pull-ups (F = 14.09, p < 0.01, ŋ2 = 0.19) and flexed arm hang (F = 28.82, p < 0.01, ŋ2 = 0.33) tests. The flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance of both groups did not significantly change after eight weeks. This approach of exercise showed positive acceptance and relatively good results after only eight weeks.

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