Effective Reflection Suppression Method for Vehicle Detection in Complex Nighttime Traffic Scenes

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 40402-1-40402-9
Author(s):  
Wen-Kai Tsai ◽  
Hung-Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Embedded Platform ◽  
Complex Scenes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Headlight is the most explicit and stable image feature in nighttime scenes. This study proposes a headlight detection and pairing algorithm that adapts to numerous scenes to achieve accurate vehicle detection in the nighttime. This algorithm improved the conventional histogram equalization by using the difference before and after the equalization to suppress the ground reflection and noise. Then, headlight detection was completed based on this difference as a feature. In addition, the authors combined coordinate information, moving distance, symmetry, and stable time to implement headlight pairing, thus enabling vehicle detection in the nighttime. This study effectively overcame complex scenes such as high-speed movement, multi-headlight, and rains. Finally, the algorithm was verified by videos of highway scenes; the detection rate was as high as 96.67%. It can be implemented on the Raspberry Pi embedded platform, and its execution speed can reach 25 frames per second.

Evaluation of a Method for Removal and Determination of Thrombogenic Microparticles.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3626-3626
Author(s):  
Helga Vetr ◽  
Markus Graf ◽  
Sabine Geiter ◽  
Manfred Oberreither ◽  
Bernd R. Binder
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Fviii Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Circulating Microparticles ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Plasma Peak ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Free Plasma

Abstract It is now generally accepted that circulating cell-derived microparticles play a major role in thrombotic diseases. Currently available methods to analyse microparticles are not easy to standardize, need specialized technical equipment or detect only subpopulations of microparticles. In this study a new method for quantification of circulating thrombogenic microparticles (MP) is evaluated (Technothrombin® MP Microparticle and Ceveron ® MFU-500). The principle of this method is based on the differences in thrombin generation between platelet poor plasma (PPP) and microparticle free plasma (MPFP) obtained by a standardized filtration meethod. This difference in thrombin generation between PPP and MPFP plasma reflects the amount of microparticles contained in PPP and removed by filtration. To evaluate this method, PPP from normal blood donors was prepared by centrifugation for 15 min at 2,500xg. MPFP was generated by filtration (Ceveron® MFU-500; 0.2 μm). For comparison MPFP was also prepared by high speed centrifugation (15,000xg for 30 min). All samples were analysed for thrombin generation using the Technothrombin®TGA method. For calibration purposes, dilutions of purified MP from red blood cells were prepared in MPFP plasma and thrombin generation was measured before and after filtration of each dilution. Recovery of MP from the filter membrane was performed by rinsing the membrane with an equal volume of standard MP free plasma. In addition, filtered and non-filtered samples were analyzed in standard coagulation assays (PT, aPTT, Fibrinogen, FVIII activity, Lupus). Peak thrombin values from centrifuged (57nM±8) or filtered samples (79nM±11) were not significantly different from each other (p=0.14) but were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those from PPP (171nM±21) indicating that MP have a significant effect on thrombin generation. These data further indicate that centrifugation and filtration are equally effective in removing microparticles, a fact that was supported by data from FACS analysis of microparticles which reveal that on average, 86%±10 of MPs could be removed by the described filtration procedure. The analysis of purified MP diluted in MP free plasma showed that the difference in peak thrombin before and after filtration correlated to the number of microparticles and thus a calibration curve could be established. By rinsing the filters using standard MP free plasma, peak thrombin values of the starting sample could be recovered, further indicating that microparticles are responsible to a large extent for thrombin generating capacity in PPP. With respect to the effect of filtration of MP on standard clotting assays, significant differences between PPP and MPFP were found for aPTT tests only in one of three reagents tested (PPP 36.0 sec±3.5, MPFP 38.2sec ±3.4, p<0.05). The Lupus LCA Index for MPFP (34.8±6) was significantly lower than in PPP (47,4±7; p<0.05). For the other coagulation parameters tested (Fibrinogen, PT and FVIII activity) no significant differences were found between PPP and MPFP. Taken together, all these results show that circulating microparticles are a major determinant for thrombin generation and that thrombogenic microparticles can easily and quantitatively be analyzed from the difference in thrombin generation between PPP and MPFP obtained by filtration through Ceveron® MFU-500. Moreover, it is shown that microparticles have a significant effect not only on thrombin generation but also on some standard clotting assays.

Effectiveness of Automated Speed-Monitoring Cameras in Kuwait

1997 ◽  
Vol 1595 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Ali ◽  
O. Al-Saleh ◽  
P. A. Koushki
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Driver Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Difference

In 1994 the General Traffic Department installed automatic radar cameras to monitor traffic speed at a number of strategic roadway locations in Kuwait. The aim was to lower the number of high-speed violations and thus reduce road accidents. Recent traffic safety records point to an increase in both the number of violations and the occurrence of road accidents. It is argued in this paper that without live enforcement support and active follow-up of camera-recorded violations, the effectiveness of these cameras in improving road safety is insignificant at best, particularly in the undisciplined driving environment of the oil-rich nations in the Middle East. The speed of traffic was simultaneously measured via radar instruments both at the automatic camera site and at sections approximately 1 km before or after or before and after the cameras at eight camera locations. Measurements were recorded for six 1/2-hr periods at each site for a total of 72 hr over a period of 3 months, so that morning, afternoon, and after-dark hours, as well as different days of the week and roadway types, were covered. Analysis of the speed data showed that for the three daily periods and various roadway types, traffic speeds were consistently higher in sections before or after or before and after the automatic camera at the camera site. Statistical tests indicated that the difference in speed measured at and away from the cameras was at the 99 percent level. The findings demonstrate that in a traffic environment characterized by poor driving behavior, inconsistent and piecemeal driver education programs, and insufficient presence of law enforcement officials, reliance on automatic cameras alone to reduce traffic violations is doomed to fail.

scholarly journals A Multi-Dimensional Test of Social Effects of the Opening of High-Speed Rail in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Li ◽  
Xiang Xiao ◽  
Zhenghao Li
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optimization And Upgrading ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Based on previous studies, this paper innovatively summarizes the multi-dimensional social effects generated by the opening of high-speed rail, and interprets the social effects of high-speed rail from four aspects: accelerating population mobility and employment, improving land value in radiation areas, promoting regional balanced development, and optimizing industrial structure. And taking the panel data of 292 cities in China from 2007 to 2016 as samples, we constructed difference-in-difference model. Then by calculating the difference between the treatment group (cities with high-speed rail opening) and the control group (cities without high-speed rail opening) before and after the event, the net effect of the event was obtained. The study finds that: the opening of high-speed rail can accelerate population inflow and promote employment; increase the value of land in the radiation regions and increase the price of commercial housing; narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas along the route and promote balanced development among different regions; promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure of cities along the route.

Tem analysis of multiple-energy arsenic implanted and Rta'd silicon

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
R.A. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Device Fabrication ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
High Fluences ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Factor Type

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of ion-implanted Si is important for device fabrication. The defect structures of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 MeV As-implanted silicon irradiated to fluences of 2E14, 4E14, and 6E14, respectively, have been analyzed by electron diffraction both before and after RTA at 1100°C for 10 seconds. At such high fluences and energies the implanted As ions change the Si from crystalline to amorphous. Three distinct amorphous regions emerge due to the three implantation energies used (Fig. 1). The amorphous regions are separated from each other by crystalline Si (marked L1, L2, and L3 in Fig. 1) which contains a high concentration of small defect clusters. The small defect clusters were similar to what had been determined earlier as being amorphous zones since their contrast was principally of the structure-factor type that arises due to the difference in extinction distance between the matrix and damage regions.

Changes in Platelet Aggregability after Ovariectomy

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1332-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Takeshi Motomiya ◽  
Minoru Sonoda ◽  
Noboru Miyagawa
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryChanges in platelets in 48 patients with uterine myoma before and after hysterectomy with and without ovariectomy were examined. Bilateral ovariectomy in 25 cases (ovariec-tomized group) and unilateral or non-ovariectomy in 23 cases (control group) were performed at the hysterectomy. Platelet count and an appearance rate of secondary aggregation decreased at one day after and increased at one week after the operation, similarly in both the ovariectomized and the control group. The appearance rate of secondary aggregation was reflected in an intensity of aggregation at 5 min after the addition of reagent to PRP. At one month after the operation, the appearance rate of secondary aggregation induced by 3 μM ADP showed a statistically significant decrease in comparison with the preoperation value (P <0.05) and the enhancement of 5-min aggregation was still observed in the control group, while ceased in the ovariectomized group. The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). There was almost no change in the speed and intensity of primary and secondary aggregation during the observation period. No significant differences in collagen-induced aggregation were noted between the two groups. The results suggest that ovarian hormones, mainly estrogen, facilitate platelet activation which is mediated by the so-called secondary aggregation.

PENGARUH TERAPI TERTAWA TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH LANSIA DI UPT PANTI WREDHA BUDHI DHARMA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Setyaningrum ◽  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Fachruddin Tri Fitrianta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases, because this disease is suffered byboth men and women, as well as adults and young people. Treatment of hypertension does not onlyrely on medications from the doctor or regulate diet alone, but it is also important to make our bodyalways relaxed. Laughter can help to control blood pressure by reducing endocrine stress andcreating a relaxed condition to deal with relaxation.Objective: The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of laughter therapy ondecreasing elderly blood pressure in UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta.Methods: The design used in this study is a pre-experimental design study with one group pre-posttestresearch design where there is no control group (comparison). The population in this study wereelderly aged over> 60 years at 55 UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. The method oftaking in this study uses total sampling. The sample in this study were 55 elderly. Data analysis wasused to determine the difference in blood pressure before and after laughing therapy with a ratio datascale that was using Pairs T-TestResult: There is an effect of laughing therapy on blood pressure in the elderly at UPT Panti WredhaBudhi Dharma Yogyakarta marked with a significant value of 0.000 (P <0.05)

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

Automatic Tread Gaging Machine

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. S. Ludwig ◽  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Automatic Machine ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Handling Device ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Straight Lines

Abstract An automatic tread gaging machine has been developed. It consists of three component systems: (1) a laser gaging head, (2) a tire handling device, and (3) a computer that controls the movement of the tire handling machine, processes the data, and computes the least-squares straight line from which a wear rate may be estimated. Experimental tests show that the machine has good repeatability. In comparisons with measurements obtained by a hand gage, the automatic machine gives smaller average groove depths. The difference before and after a period of wear for both methods of measurement are the same. Wear rates estimated from the slopes of straight lines fitted to both sets of data are not significantly different.

Case study: Prediction and field tests of railway noise and effects of a low-height noise barrier

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Yuna Park ◽  
Hyo-In Koh ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Railway Noise ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Noise Barrier ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
The Impact

Railway noise is calculated to predict the impact of new or reconstructed railway tracks on nearby residential areas. The results are used to prepare adequate counter- measures, and the calculation results are directly related to the cost of the action plans. The calculated values were used to produce noise maps for each area of inter- est. The Schall 03 2012 is one of the most frequently used methods for the production of noise maps. The latest version was released in 2012 and uses various input para- meters associated with the latest rail vehicles and track systems in Germany. This version has not been sufficiently used in South Korea, and there is a lack of standard guidelines and a precise manual for Korean railway systems. Thus, it is not clear what input parameters will match specific local cases. This study investigates the modeling procedure for Korean railway systems and the differences between calcu- lated railway sound levels and measured values obtained using the Schall 03 2012 model. Depending on the location of sound receivers, the difference between the cal- culated and measured values was within approximately 4 dB for various train types. In the case of high-speed trains, the value was approximately 7 dB. A noise-reducing measure was also modeled. The noise reduction effect of a low-height noise barrier system was predicted and evaluated for operating railway sites within the frame- work of a national research project in Korea. The comparison of calculated and measured values showed differences within 2.5 dB.

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