Influence of Texture Structure on the Perception of Color Composition

Abstract The authors explore the influence of the structure of a texture image on the perception of its color composition through a series of psychophysical studies. They estimate the color composition of a texture by extracting its dominant colors and the associated percentages. They then synthesize new textures with the same color composition but different geometric structural patterns. They conduct empirical studies in the form of two-alternative forced choice tests to determine the influence of two structural factors, pattern scale and shape, on the perceived amount of target color. The results of their studies indicate that (a) participants are able to consistently assess differences in color composition for textures of similar shape and scale, and (b) the perception of color composition is nonveridical. Pattern scale and shape have a strong influence on perceived color composition: the larger the scale, the higher the perceived amount of the target color, and the more elongated the shape, the lower the perceived amount of the target color. The authors also present a simple model that is consistent with the results of their empirical studies by accounting for the reduced visibility of the pixels near the color boundaries. In addition to a better understanding of human perception of color composition, their findings will contribute to the development of color texture similarity metrics.

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Home and Office: Some Trends of Modernization among the Kanya-Kubja Brahmans

Comparative Studies in Society and History ◽

10.1017/s0010417500006204 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 196-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. S. Khare

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Ideal Types ◽

Cultural Contexts ◽

Cultural Transformations ◽

The Social ◽

Deductive Method ◽

Deductive Theory ◽

Basic Beliefs

Recently Singer (1966: 497–505), while reviewing a book on economic development and Hinduism, underlined the necessity of recognizing the ‘deficiencies’ of the hypothetico-deductive method in studying social change in India. He alluded to Weber's thesis (ideal-typical relations of the Hindu ‘ethic’ to economic development) and its possible ‘distortions’ under this approach, especially if applied ‘as a basis for quick diagnoses of the ideological and structural factors impeding or facilitating economic development…’ (p. 498), or when applied to a general analysis of the social and cultural ‘transformations’ involved in modernization. He noted two major limitations: first, that under hypothetico-deductive use of ideal types one tries to deduce ‘realistic consequences from basic beliefs, values, motives postulated in isolation from concrete social and cultural contexts’ (p. 501), and second (which is perhaps a related consequence), that when deducing general tendencies, one fails ‘to specify conditions and magnitudes under which the conclusions are valid’ (p. 502). While Singer recognizes that this approach ‘will eventually complement’anthropologists’ narrative, descriptive, and inductive approaches, he stresses that the present need is to accumulate relevant empirical studies of the latter kind, against which we can check the conclusions of hypothetico-deductive theory.

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Still in the shadow of the wall? The case of the Berlin biotechnology cluster

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1177/0308518x20933904 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0308518X2093390

Author(s):

Milad Abbasiharofteh ◽

Tom Broekel

Keyword(s):

Empirical Studies ◽

Full Range ◽

Decisive Role ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Knowledge Networks ◽

West Germany ◽

Knowledge Network ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Exponential Random Graph Models ◽

Combining Data

The evolution of knowledge networks has recently received a lot of attention from researchers. Empirical studies have shown that different types of proximities and network structural properties play a decisive role in tie formation. The present paper contributes to this literature by arguing that while these are crucial, they do not capture the full range of localities’ influence on the evolution of knowledge networks. We support our argument with an empirical study on the development of the biotechnology knowledge network of Berlin from the early 1990s till 2016. The network was created by combining data on co-patenting, co-authorship and joint R&D projects. Forces driving the evolution of the network were identified with separable temporal exponential random graph models (STERGM). In addition to the ‘usual suspects’ (main proximity dimensions and structural factors), we found that the network is still developing in the ‘shadow of the wall’. The different social contexts in the different parts of the city of Berlin still hamper the establishment of collaborative ties between the former East and the former West Germany even 30 years after reunification.

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The Impact of Moving through the Built Environment on Emotional and Neurophysiological State - A Systematic Literature Review

10.26686/wgtn.13019549 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marc Aurel Schnabel ◽

Mitra Homolja ◽

Sayyed Maghool

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Human Perception ◽

Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

Sensory Stimuli ◽

Controlled Environments ◽

Theoretical Evidence ◽

Theories Of Emotions ◽

The Impact

Despite theoretical evidence about the capabilities of visual properties of space for manipulating inhabitants' emotions, a gap in knowledge exists for empirical studies in controlled environments. Interdisciplinary studies at the intersection of architecture, psychology, and neuroscience can provide robust guidelines and criteria for designers to engineer emotions. Due to the novelty of the field, the theoretical framework for such studies is not well established. Consequently, this paper presents a systematic literature review to find and synthesize recent relevant studies at this intersection. Based on these findings, we will investigate the impact of other visuo-spatial stimuli on emotions in a rigorous way. According to the theories of emotions, manipulation of emotions is linked to oscillations in physiological responses caused by exposure to sensory stimuli. Moreover, there is a consensus that human perception is action-oriented. Therefore, our review focuses on studies that employ biosensors as subjects move in physical or virtual environments.

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Situating the evidence for impact of outreach strategies: A systematic review for improving access to higher education

Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning ◽

10.5456/wpll.22.1.25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 25-54

Author(s):

Vanessa Heaslip ◽

Maggie Hutchings ◽

Bethan Collins ◽

Emma Crowley ◽

Sue Eccles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Widening Participation ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Access To Higher Education ◽

Structural Barriers ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

Efforts to widen participation into higher education (HE) are having an impact with increasing numbers of diverse students accessing HE. Outreach is a key strategy within widening participation (WP), yet there has been little peer reviewed, published evidence regarding how outreach is identified, situated and understood. This paper addresses this gap, presenting a systematic review of published research examining how the impact of WP outreach is identified and understood in UK research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was used to frame the review and empirical studies focusing upon outreach (2005 – 15) were included. Papers excluded were focused on international, part-time students or those not focused upon WP outreach. Twenty-six papers were identified for inclusion and these were analysed thematically. The analysis identified themes of person-centred impact, raising aspirations, and social capital, addressing 'how and why' questions rather than the 'what works' question judged by the impact of outreach on student numbers. Doing so can enable improvements in the design of outreach activities addressing individual experiences alongside structural barriers. Ultimately, this analysis suggests there is insufficient systematic evidence regarding the impact of outreach on the underlying structural factors shaping access to higher education.

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What happened with the homeless during economical crisis? Evolution of the prevalence of homelessness in north-Catalonia (2006–2015)

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1166 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S676-S677

Author(s):

F. Calvo ◽

C. Giralt ◽

X. Carbonell

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Absolute Number ◽

Structural Factors ◽

The People ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Intervention Team ◽

Socially Excluded ◽

The City ◽

Official Records

IntroductionThere exists a great number of empirical studies which refer as causes of homelessness not only individual factors such as mental disorders or addictions, but also structural factors such as poverty rates or unemployment.ObjectiveTo describe the evolution of the prevalence of homelessness in Girona from 2006 to 2015, and compare it with the evolution of unemployment in the same region.MethodsThe absolute number of homelessness is obtained from the official records in the city of Girona, which include the data of the open medium intervention team, the local police, and the specific municipal hostel. The rates are calculated on the annual totals of population. Correlations are used to compare quantitative variables.ResultsThe yearly homelessness rates increased progressively from 2006 to 2014, the year in which they began to decrease. Similarly, unemployment both in Spain and in the city of Girona in particular evolves in a similar way, with the burden of the worldwide economic crisis. There exists a positive correlation between the evolution of homelessness in Girona and unemployment both in Spain (r = 9.4, P < .001) and in Girona (r = 9.5, P < .001).ConclusionThe effect of the economic crisis affects the people who are socially excluded in a direct way. These results prompt the investigation of the causes of homelessness, which in many cases are attributed to the responsibility of the individuals.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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The Relationship of Musical and Color Preferences of a Person in Computer Graphics

10.20948/graphicon-2021-3027-781-785 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anastasia Tonkoglaz ◽

Evgeniya Vekhter ◽

Aleksey Shklyar

Keyword(s):

Computer Graphics ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Human Perception ◽

Musical Composition ◽

Color Spaces ◽

Color Preferences ◽

Environmental Objects ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Selection Of

User-oriented design allows to develop design solutions based on user’s needs and desires. In order to meet user’s needs better, designers work on understanding and adaptation of human perception principles. Later this data would be used in design processes. The article is relevant due to the problem of interrelation of perceived information about environmental objects through different channels. The existence of this relation is confirmed by empirical studies, but its features and nature are not fully clarified. This article is devoted to the search and analysis of the relationship of information, which was received from different perception channels. This information allows to get input data about client's color and musical preferences. The article considers the comparability of colors and sound, which were obtained by testing a group of respondents. The work includes selection of associative color series for a fragment of a musical composition, which allows to analyze results and to make conclusions about its coincidence and discrepancy. Obtained results show connection of music and color based on artistic and figurative basis. Coincidences can be used in computer graphics while color spaces composing and in design at the stage of coloristic selection.

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Giftedness, Gender Identities, and Self-Acceptance: A Retrospective Study on LGBTQ+ Postsecondary Students

Gifted Child Quarterly ◽

10.1177/00169862211029681 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001698622110296

Author(s):

C. Owen Lo ◽

Shun-Fu Hu ◽

Hasan Sungur ◽

Ching-Hui Lin

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Identity Development ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Position Statement ◽

Postsecondary Students ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Gender Identities ◽

Self Acceptance ◽

And Gender

In a recent position statement, the National Association of Gifted Children argued the importance of providing equitable treatment of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and other sexual and gender minority individuals (LGBTQ+) gifted youth to help them maximize their potential. However, there are very few empirical studies focusing on the intersection of giftedness and gender identities. Little is known regarding these students’ experience at, and outside of, school. Focusing on the individual process of gender identity development and self-acceptance, we interviewed nine LGBTQ+ postsecondary students in North America (aged between 19 and 29 years) who are graduates of an academically focused high school in Turkey. In particular, we studied their ways of thinking, stress coping strategies, and environmental factors that may have enabled their self-acceptance of LGBTQ+ identities. Findings of the study show that the mental health of LGBTQ+ is a function of individual factors (e.g., coping strategies), structural factors (e.g., a homophobic sociocultural environment), and the context. The findings also indicate the benefits of complexity and reflectiveness in thinking, metacognition and the ability to separate identity labels from identities, enabled by high school peer support, liberal curriculum and classroom discussions, and access to information during adolescence.

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Analyzing Migration Decisionmaking: Relationships between Residential Satisfaction, Mobility Intentions, and Moving Behavior

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a301473 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 1473-1495 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

M Lu

Keyword(s):

Planned Behavior ◽

Reasoned Action ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Residential Satisfaction ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Behavioral Theories ◽

Structural Variables ◽

Complex Relationships ◽

And Behavior

Research on migration decisionmaking has been centered on the notion that residential satisfaction and mobility intentions are intervening variables which fully mediate the effects of structural factors on moving behavior. Results from empirical studies, however, have rendered only modest support for this view. The author examines the role of residential satisfaction and mobility intentions vis-à-vis structural variables in migration decisionmaking with the aid of data drawn from the 1985–1989 waves of the American Housing Survey. A conceptual model is derived which is based on behavioral theories developed in social psychology, namely the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Several previously ignored links among structural variables, mobility predispositions, and moving behavior are incorporated. Empirical analyses show that, although satisfaction and intentions are important predictors of mobility, most of the structural variables that are commonly known to be related to migration also have direct effects on subsequent moving behavior, independent of satisfaction and intentions. The theories of reasoned action and planned behavior provide a theoretical framework for a better understanding of the complex relationships between structural variables, residential satisfaction, mobility intentions, and behavior.

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Empirical Study on Intra-Industry Trade and Domestic Income Gap

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.5194 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 687-691 ◽

pp. 5194-5198

Author(s):

Lei Xia ◽

Cui Cui Liu

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Income Gap ◽

Industry Trade ◽

Integration Test ◽

Urban Income ◽

Trade Competitiveness ◽

The Impact

A large number of empirical studies show that, trade will have an impact on the domestic income gap. In turn, the gap will affect the intra industry trade? This is a problem worth thinking and research.The optimization of the trade structure has important practical significance on promotion of foreign trade competitiveness in china. In view of our city typical characteristics of rural economic structure, and since twentieth Century 90 years, expanding speed of urban income gap degree has been more than rural areas, coupled with the proportion of the increasing urban population, the importance of the income gap between urban internal, become the structural factors of widening the income gap, this paper focuses on effects of urban income gap on intra industry trade. This article empirically tests the impact of Chinese urban income gap on the industrial finished product intra-industry trade level base on Johansen Co-integration Test, finding that the urban income gap improves the industrial finished product intra-industry trade level in the long term.

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