Mekanisme Penuaan Kulit sebagai Dasar Pencegahan dan Pengobatan Kulit Menua

Seiring dengan meningkatnya populasi geriatri di Indonesia, masalah penuaan kulit juga turut meningkat. Pada populasi tersebut terjadi berbagai perubahan kulit sehingga kelainan yang ditimbulkan juga berbeda. Stres oksidatif merupakan mekanisme yang diduga kuat sebagai penyebab utama penuaan kulit. Penuaan kulit merupakan proses kompleks yang melibatkan faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Faktor intrinsik yang berperan adalah genetik, metabolisme sel, dan perubahan hormonal. Selain itu, terdapat faktor ekstrinsik seperti radiasi ultraviolet, inframerah, dan karsinogen lingkungan yang turut berperan pada penuaan kulit. Kedua faktor tersebut menyebabkan perubahan di seluruh lapisan kulit. Untuk mengatasi penuaan kulit, kini telah tersedia berbagai modalitas terapi, namun untuk menentukan terapi yang paling sesuai perlu diketahui fisiologi kulit menua, mekanisme penuaan kulit, dan manifestasi kelainan klinis kulit menua. Secara fisiologi terjadi perubahan permeabilitas, biokimia, vaskularisasi, termoregulasi, respons terhadap iritan, respons imunitas, kapasitas regenerasi, respons terhadap cedera, persepsi neurosensori dan pada tingkat genom. Jumlah sel epidermal dan laju pergantian epidermal menurun sedangkan di adneksa terjadi penurunan jumlah kelenjar sebasea yang mengakibatkan kulit kering dan mudah pecah. Penurunan jumlah melanosit menyebabkan warna rambut menjadi abu-abu keputihan dan muncul pigmentasi atipik di kulit. Folikel rambut kurang aktif sehingga meningkatkan kerontokan dan kebotakan. Di lapisan basal ukuran sel berkurang dan rerata ukuran sel bertambah. Sel keratinosit menjadi lebih pendek dan besar di kulit yang menua. Kata kunci: geriatri, mekanisme penuaan kulit, patofisiologi. Skin Aging Mechanism as A Basic Prevention and Treatment of Skin Aging Abstract Growing geriatric population generates a rise of aging issues. Process of aging develops multiple skin changes that further emerge other related skin problems. Oxidative stress is believed playing vital role related to aging. The aging process in the skin is complex and influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors can be in the form of genetics, cell metabolism, and hormonal changes. Meanwhile, for extrinsic factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet, infrared, and carcinogenic agent also have crucial part in aging process. These factors contribute to all layers of the skin. Nowadays, many treatment modalities available to reverse skin aging, however, better understanding on skin aging mechanism, the pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of aging skin is important to choose the appropriate treatment for patients. In aging, there are physiological changes in permeability, biochemical structures, vascularisation, thermoregulation, irritative response, immunity response, regenerative capability, inflammatory response, neurosensory perception and in genom level. The number of epidermal cells and epidermal overturn rate decline while there is also reduction of sebaseous glands at adnexa which both are accounted for skin xerosis. Decreasing melanocytes can caused gray hair and atypical pigmentation. Hair follicles also show less activity resulting in hair loss. Basal layer cells are downsizing and rise of average cells size are occured. Keratinocyte becomes shorter and bigger in aging skin. Keywords: geriatric, mechanism, skin aging, pathophysiology.

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PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO PENUAAN DINI DI KULIT PADA REMAJA WANITA USIA 18-21 TAHUN

Jurnal Profesi Medika Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ◽

10.33533/jpm.v10i1.10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marlina Dewiastuti ◽

Irma Fathul Hasanah

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Aging Process ◽

Influence Factor ◽

Uv Light ◽

Intrinsic Factor ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Late Adolescent ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional

Skin aging process is a dynamic process. Skin aging process causes histologic change in skin layer. There are 2 factors causing skin aging process, intrinsic factor (nutritional status) and extrinsic factor (UV light).Tis research was conducted in a population of medical students of UPN Veteran Jakarta. The objective of this study was to ascertain prevalence of skin aging process and whether there was a relationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic factors and skin aging process. The design in this study was a cross-sectional study of the 136 research subjects. The collected data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. The incidence of skin aging process is 57.35%. Chi-square test showed that there was a relationship between the application of sunscreen and skin aging process (p = 0.001). There was no signifcant relationship between nutritional status (p=0,246) and skin aging process. From that result, skin aging process has occurred in late adolescent and most inﬂuence factor is application of sunscreen.

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Structural and Functional Changes and Possible Molecular Mechanisms in Aged Skin

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222212489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (22) ◽

pp. 12489

Author(s):

Hyunji Lee ◽

Yongjun Hong ◽

Miri Kim

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Complex Process ◽

Wide Range ◽

Aged Skin ◽

And Function ◽

Epidermal Atrophy ◽

Aging Skin

Skin aging is a complex process influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Together, these factors affect the structure and function of the epidermis and dermis. Histologically, aging skin typically shows epidermal atrophy due to decreased cell numbers. The dermis of aged skin shows decreased numbers of mast cells and fibroblasts. Fibroblast senescence contributes to skin aging by secreting a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which decreases proliferation by impairing the release of essential growth factors and enhancing degradation of the extracellular matrix through activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Several molecular mechanisms affect skin aging including telomere shortening, oxidative stress and MMP, cytokines, autophagic control, microRNAs, and the microbiome. Accumulating evidence on the molecular mechanisms of skin aging has provided clinicians with a wide range of therapeutic targets for treating aging skin.

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Skin Rejuvenation Profile in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

Health Notions ◽

10.33846/hn31204 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

pp. 475-479

Author(s):

Lutfia Ariska Ramadhani ◽

Trisniartami Setyaningrum ◽

Etty Hary Kusumastuti

Keyword(s):

General Hospital ◽

Aging Process ◽

Uv Light ◽

Intrinsic Factor ◽

Skin Aging ◽

The Body ◽

Skin Rejuvenation ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Tissue Changes ◽

Poor Nutrition

Skin aging is a condition in which cell and tissue changes occur due to mechanism abnormalities and a decrease in function of a tissue which can be triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factor is an aging process which originates from the body of an individual itself while extrinsic factor is an aging process caused by factors from the outside, such as excessive exposure to the UV light, smoking, or poor nutrition. Skin rejuvenation therapy, hopefully, would be able to restore or even slow down the aging process itself. This research was a descriptive observational using retrospective approach based on patients’ medical record in the Outpatient Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology Department in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya in January to December 2017. This study obtained 203 samples (198 women/females and 5 men/males) with the most age group ranging from 45-

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Vitiligo: An Updated Narrative Review

Current Pediatric Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573396316666201210125858 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander K. C. Leung ◽

Joseph M. Lam ◽

Kin Fon Leong ◽

Kam Lun Hon

Keyword(s):

Present Article ◽

English Literature ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Topical Corticosteroids ◽

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors

Background: Vitiligo is a relatively common acquired pigmentation disorder that can cause significant psychological stress and stigmatism. Objective: This article aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of vitiligo. Methods: A Pubmed search was conducted in Clinical Queries using the key term "vitiligo". The search included metaanalyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to the English literature. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. Results: Approximately one quarter of patients with vitiligo have the onset before 10 years of age. Genetic, immunological, neurogenic and environmental factors may have a role to play in the pathogenesis. Vitiligo typically presents as acquired depigmented, well-demarcated macules/patches that appear milk- or chalk-white in color. Lesions tend to increase in number and enlarge centrifugally in size with time. Sites of predilection include the face, followed by the neck, lower limbs, trunk, and upper limbs. The clinical course is generally unpredictable. In children with fair skin, no active treatment is usually necessary other than the use of sunscreens and camouflage cosmetics. If treatment is preferred for cosmesis, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy are the mainstays of treatment. Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of all the treatment modalities varies considerably from individual to individual. As such, treatment must be individualized. In general, the best treatment response is seen in younger patients, recent disease onset, darker skin types, and head and neck lesions. Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors are the treatment of choice for those with localized disease. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are generally preferred for lesions on genitalia, intertriginous areas, face, and neck. Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy should be considered in patients who have widespread vitiligo or those with localized vitiligo associated with a significant impact on the quality of life who do not respond to treatment with topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors.

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How Small Molecules Affect the Thermo-Oxidative Aging Mechanism of Polypropylene: A Reactive Molecular Dynamics Study

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13081243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1243

Author(s):

Fan Zhang ◽

Yufei Cao ◽

Xuan Liu ◽

Huan Xu ◽

Diannan Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Aging Process ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Oxidative Aging ◽

Reactive Molecular Dynamics ◽

Aging Mechanism ◽

Effects Of Temperature

Understanding the aging mechanism of polypropylene (PP) is fundamental for the fabrication and application of PP-based materials. In this paper, we present our study in which we first used reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations to explore the thermo-oxidative aging of PP in the presence of acetic acid or acetone. We studied the effects of temperature and oxygen on the aging process and discussed the formation pathways of typical small molecule products (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, and C2H6). The effect of two infection agents, acetic acid and acetone, on the aging reaction was analyzed emphatically. The simulation results showed that acetone has a weak impact on accelerating the aging process, while acetic acid has a significant effect, consistent with previous experimental studies. By tracking the simulation trajectories, both acetic acid and acetone produced small active free radicals to further react with other fragment products, thus accelerating the aging process. The first reaction step of acetic acid is often the shedding of the H atom on the hydroxyl group, while the reaction of acetone is often the shedding of the H atom or the methyl. The latter requires higher energy at lower temperatures. This is why the acceleration effect of acetone for the thermo-oxidative aging of PP was not so significant compared to acetic acid in the experimental temperature (383.15 K).

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Polysaccharide Extracted fromLaminaria japonicaDelays Intrinsic Skin Aging in Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/5137386 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Longyuan Hu ◽

Jia Tan ◽

Xiaomei Yang ◽

Haitao Tan ◽

Xiaozhen Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Aging ◽

Skin Tissue ◽

Dorsal Skin ◽

Young Control ◽

Dermal Thickness ◽

Skin Collagen ◽

Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Microscopy Analysis ◽

Skin Samples ◽

Aging Skin

This study aimed to determine the effect of topically appliedLaminariapolysaccharide (LP) on skin aging. We applied ointment containing LP (10, 25, and 50 μg/g) or vitamin E (10 μg/g) to the dorsal skin of aging mice for 12 months and young control mice for 4 weeks. Electron microscopy analysis of skin samples revealed that LP increased dermal thickness and skin collagen content. Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease- (TIMP-) 1 expression was upregulated while that of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1 was downregulated in skin tissue of LP-treated as compared to untreated aging mice. Additionally, phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 was higher in aging skin than in young skin, while LP treatment suppressed phospho-JNK expression. LP application also enhanced the expression of antioxidative enzymes in skin tissue, causing a decrease in malondialdehyde levels and increases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels relative to those in untreated aging mice. These results indicate that LP inhibits MMP-1 expression by preventing oxidative stress and JNK phosphorylation, thereby delaying skin collagen breakdown during aging.

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Tracing skin aging process: a mini- review of in vitro approaches

Biogerontology ◽

10.1007/s10522-021-09916-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sophia Letsiou

Keyword(s):

Aging Process ◽

Skin Aging

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Zosteriform Nevus Comedonicus

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4565 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 2609-2612

Author(s):

Babbita S ◽

Thillaikkarasi A ◽

Sathyanarayanana R ◽

Narasimhalu CRV ◽

Sulochana Sonti

Keyword(s):

Topical Therapy ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Neck Region ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Developmental Defect ◽

Linear Distribution ◽

Head And Neck Region ◽

Typical Morphology

Nevus comedonicus is an uncommon cutaneous developmental defect of follicular apparatus characterized by unilateral and linear distribution of bundles of dilated hair follicles filled with keratin plugs. It is usually seen on the head and neck region, trunk and upper arm. This condition may be present at birth or can occur later in life. The term nevus comedonicus is a misnomer as there are no true comedones and is better termed as follicular keratotic nevus. It is also known as nevus zoniforme or nevus acneiformis unilateralis. There are two types of nevus comedonicus, namely inflammatory and non-inflammatory (non-pyogenic). When nevus comedonicus is manifested with other extracutaneous symptoms, it is termed as nevus comedonicus syndrome. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on history and typical morphology. As the disease runs a benign course, no aggressive treatment is required. Patients seek treatment, especially for cosmetic purposes and inflammatory type of lesions. Various treatment modalities like topical therapy, surgical excision, lasers are available and treatment options are individualized based on the size and extent of the lesion. We herein present a case of unilateral nevus comedonicus with no systemic associations in a 30-year-old female on her lower limb which is not a common site of occurrence.

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De Novo Collapsing Glomerulopathy: An Unusual Cause of Early Graft Failure following Kidney Transplantation

Case Reports in Transplantation ◽

10.1155/2011/263970 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kalathil K. Sureshkumar ◽

Imran Dosani ◽

Katherine M. Jasnosz ◽

Swati Arora

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

De Novo ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Deceased Donor ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

High Dose ◽

Collapsing Glomerulopathy ◽

Early Graft ◽

Rapidly Progressive Renal Failure ◽

Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant

Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) characterized histologically by prominent glomerular capillary tuft collapse with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of podocytes and tubulointerstitial damage. Patients usually present with heavy proteinuria and rapidly progressive renal failure. We report a patient who developed de novo CG with severe clinical manifestations including worsening renal failure and nephrotic syndrome within six months of receiving deceased donor kidney transplant. Secondary work-up was negative, and despite therapy with high-dose steroids and plasmapheresis, allograft function rapidly deteriorated with the need for dialysis. Theories about the pathogenesis of this entity as well as treatment modalities are discussed.

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