scholarly journals The effectivity of used-oil as quenching medium of 42-CrMo4 steel for automotive materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Hariningsih Hariningsih ◽  
Sumpena Sumpena ◽  
Heribertus Sukarjo
Keyword(s):  
High Hardness ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Residual Carbon ◽  
Product Size ◽  
Cooling Medium ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Double Phase ◽  
Hardening Treatment ◽  
42Crmo4 Steel ◽  
Medium Hardness

The research aims to investigate the effect of the cooling medium on the hardness characteristic and microstructure of the 42CrMo4 steel due to hardening treatment at a temperature of 830°C and holding time of 30 minutes. Various oil such as SAE-10W40, SAE-20W50, SAE-40, and used oil was used in the cooling medium. The changes in product size, hardness, and microstructure have been carefully assessed. The results indicated that the viscosity of the coolant medium strongly influenced the cooling rate of the cooling medium, hardness, and microstructure. SAE-10W40 oil and SAE-20W50 oil only needed 2 hours to return within room temperatures before quenching, whereas SAE-40 oil and used oil took 3 hours. The sample size did not change after hardening-quenching. However, there was a residual carbon layer on the sample surfaces. Quenching caused the changes of microstructure from pearlite and ferrite to ultrafine double phase, consisting of martensite and austenite, which were unable to transform during rapid cooling. The highest hardness value was achieved by the treated product, which was quenched in SAE-10W40, which had 54.59 HRC. The high hardness was attributed to the content of 95% martensite. However, used-oil caused in similar hardness as SAE-20W50.

scholarly journals Microstructural Tuning of a Laser-Cladding Layer by Means of a Mix of Commercial Inconel 625 and AISI H13 Powders

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maider Muro ◽  
Josu Leunda ◽  
Garikoitz Artola ◽  
Carlos Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Laser Cladding ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
H13 Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inconel 625 Alloy ◽  
Aisi H13 ◽  
42Crmo4 Steel ◽  
Diode Pumped

The aim of this work is to evaluate the microstructural evolutions developed by mixing a corrosion-resistant and high-performance material with a high-hardness material in a coating obtained by laser-cladding technology. In this paper, five different mixtures of Inconel 625 alloy and AISI H13 steel powders have been deposited on a plate of 42CrMo4 steel using a 2.2 kW diode pumped Nd:YAG laser. The effect of adding tool steel to a Ni-based superalloy has been analyzed by the characterization of each cladded sample using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The precipitates observed in the samples have been analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS X-ray). SEM micrographs and EDS analysis indicate the existence of Laves phase. It has been observed that the presence of these precipitates is stabilized in a certain range of AISI H13 addition.

Study on the Surface Plasma Hardening Treatment and Anti-Penetration Mechanism of Armor Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2141-2144
Author(s):  
Kai Ping Yu ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Rong Gang Chen ◽  
Jun Jun Zong
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Surface Plasma ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Plasma Transferred Arc ◽  
Hardening Treatment ◽  
Penetration Ability ◽  
Penetration Mechanism ◽  
Armor Steel

Plasma surface hardening process was performed to improve the surface on the 22SiMn2TiB steel by plasma transferred arc. Experiments were carried out to characterize the hardening qualities. The anti-penetration ability and mechanism were analyzed, and hardness protective layer can improve greatly the ability of armor protection. The dual hardness armor steel composed of high hardness panel and basic backplane was developed based on the experimental results.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Media Pendingin Terhadap Kekerasan Baja Tahan Karat Martensitik Type 431 Pada Proses Hardening dan Tempering

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Suyanta Suyanta ◽  
Subagiyo Subagiyo ◽  
Syamsul Hadi ◽  
Zahratul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Cooling Medium ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Cooling Media

Stainless steels consist of several types such as Austenitic, Ferritic and Martensitic, Martensitic is one of the stainless steels that has a hardenability property, so it is suitable to be used as cutting tool components which require high hardness and corrosion resistance . The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the hardness of stainless steel martensitic type of hardening results with variations of cooling media. Methods of research used were experiments, ie hardening process by heating the material up to 1100oC temperature, held for 30 minutes, then cooled quickly on water, oil and the air, then heated back to 400oC temperature, cooled slowly, the results tested the hardness of Rockwell C method The results showed the type of stainless steel type martensitic 431 increased significantly after the Hardening process of 21.20 HRC before hardening, and after the hardening process to 47 , 6 HRC with water cooling, 47.9 HRC with oil cooling medium and 46.5 HRC for air cooling media, hardness after tempering down ranges from 6-7 HRC to 41.7 HRC for hardening with water cooling medium 41, 2HRC hardening results with oil cooling medium, and 40,4HRC un tuk hardening results with air conditioning medium.

scholarly journals PENGARUH QUENCHING DENGAN MEDIA PENDINGIN AIR DAN OLI TERHADAP MECHANICAL PROPERTIS BAJA S45C

JTAM ROTARY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Deni Setiadi ◽  
Achmad Kusairi Samlawi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Cooling Medium ◽  
A Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cooling Media

The role of steel in the industrial world today is very important, especially in terms of making components related to violence such as gears, fly wheel, axe, and so forth.This steel has a high hardness for components that require hardness, to uletan and resistance to friction. get hardness and resistance to steel hence need heat treatment process using Quenching process. The material of this research is S45C carbon steel with specimen number 1 for hardness test before treatment and after treatment with rockwell test, this process is done in Central Laboratory of FMIPA UM, unfortunate. In this process heat treatment is carried out at temperatures of 800⁰C and 900⁰C with water and oil cooling medium, from the results of comparative analysis on S45C steel before and after the treatment obtained increased hardness. This can be seen from the test analysis in which 93 kgf of hardness n is for the untreated specimens. At a temperature of 800⁰C with a water cooling medium at a crude value of 94.6 kgf, and on oil cooling medium at a hardness value of 92.5 kgf. At a temperature of 900⁰C with a water cooling medium at a hardness value of 93.5 kgf and on the oil cooling medium at a value of 93 kgf. Can be concluded from all the cooling media is the highest media water with value of violence 94.6 kgf.Keywords: S45C Steel, Quenching, Cooling

Boriding Temperature Effect on Micro-Abrasion Wear Resistance of Borided Tool Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmi Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Double Phase ◽  
Load Volume ◽  
Micro Grooving

Abstract Microstructure, hardness, and micro-abrasion behavior of borided H13 tool steel (borided at 1073, 1173, and 1273 K with nanoboron powder for 6 h) were studied. A single-phase boride layer was observed on the borided sample at 1073 K, while a double-phase boride layer was observed on the borided samples at high temperatures. FeB–Fe2B phases as well as CrB–MnB phases were determined in the XRD analysis of the samples. The hardness of the borided samples increased up to values above 2000 HV0.1. The thicker boride layer obtained due to the boriding process at high temperatures provided the retention of high hardness in the inner regions. The highest micro-abrasion resistance was obtained with the borided sample at 1273 K. Depending on the increasing load, volume losses increased on all samples under all conditions. Higher wear losses were determined in the tests performed with high-dimensional SiC. In the tests conducted with SiC F800, the dominant wear mechanism was micro-grooving wear mechanism, while in SiC F1200 tests the wear mechanism was micro-rolling and micro-scratching mechanisms. The abrasion resistance of the untreated sample was attributed to the abrasive particles sinking onto the surface.

Ductile-brittle transition temperature shift controlled by grain boundary decohesion and thermally activated energy in Ni-Cr steels

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-458
Author(s):  
Jun Kameda ◽  
Martin L. Jokl
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Temper Embrittlement ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Brittle Transition ◽  
Ductile Brittle Transition Temperature ◽  
Brittle Transition Temperature ◽  
Grain Boundary Decohesion ◽  
Medium Hardness

AbstractTemper embrittlement induced by segregation of metalloid solutes to grain boundary (GB) was evaluated by a shift of the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). DBTT was found to be linearly correlated with the amount of metalloid on the GB (Xgb) for both dynamic and static displacement rates (dδ/dt) in high and medium hardness steels. Recent first-principles calculations have determined the GB embrittling potency (Δep) of segregated Sb, Sn and P. In both high and medium hardness steels, the slope (α) of DBTT vs. Xgb was found to be linearly dependent on Δep regardless of the segregated solutes. In high hardness steels, the slope is independent of dδ/dt, while in medium hardness steels the α is dependent on dδ/dt. An Arrhenius plot of dδ/dt vs. the reciprocal DBTT was used to drive the thermal activation energy (Eact), which represents a barrier to plasticity. It was found that Eact correlates to a reduction in the GB fracture surface energy. The Eact depends strongly on GB decohesion in high hardness steels but only weakly depends on it in medium hardness steels.

OPTIMAL HARDENING TREATMENT OF CAST PARTS OF MACHINES WITH A HARD-ALLOY WEAR-RESISTANT COATING

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Bahodir Kurbanovich Tilabov ◽  
◽  
Zulkhumor Latipovna Alimbabayeva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Hard Alloy ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Phase Recrystallization ◽  
Double Phase ◽  
Hardening Treatment ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Cast Parts

The article presents research materials on thestructure and properties of hard-alloy coatings obtained in the process of casting products using gasified models. The composition and properties of steel were studied, as well as the hardness and microhardness of the surface and subsurface layers of castparts. The relative wear resistance of tests performed in laboratory and field conditions is analyzed. The final modes of heat treatment with double phase recrystallization for cast parts are carried out. It is shown that heat treatment with double phase recrystallization increases the wear resistance of hard-alloy coatings and finished products by 3-4 times.Keywords: gasified model Casting, hard-alloy coating, high-carbon steel, hardness and microhardness, microstructure, heat treatment with double phase recrystallization, abrasive wear resistance and durability

scholarly journals Comparison of Wear Performance of Austempered and Quench-Tempered Gray Cast Irons Enhanced by Laser Hardening Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3049
Author(s):  
Bingxu Wang ◽  
Gary C. Barber ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yuming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Laser Surface Hardening ◽  
Hardening Treatment

The current research studied the effects of laser surface hardening treatment on the phase transformation and wear properties of gray cast irons heat treated by austempering or quench-tempering, respectively. Three austempering temperatures of 232 °C, 288 °C, and 343 °C with a constant holding duration of 120 min and three tempering temperatures of 316 °C, 399 °C, and 482 °C with a constant holding duration of 60 min were utilized to prepare austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens with equivalent macro-hardness values. A ball-on-flat reciprocating wear test configuration was used to investigate the wear resistance of austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens before and after applying laser surface-hardening treatment. The phase transformation, hardness, mass loss, and worn surfaces were evaluated. There were four zones in the matrix of the laser-hardened austempered gray cast iron. Zone 1 contained ledeburite without the presence of graphite flakes. Zone 2 contained martensite and had a high hardness, which was greater than 67 HRC. Zone 4 was the substrate containing the acicular ferrite and carbon-saturated austenite with a hardness of 41–27 HRC. In Zone 3, the substrate was tempered by the low thermal radiation. For the laser-hardened quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens, three zones were observed beneath the laser-hardened surface. Zone 1 also contained ledeburite, and Zone 2 was full martensite. Zone 3 was the substrate containing the tempered martensite. The tempered martensite became coarse with increasing tempering temperature due to the decomposition of the as-quenched martensite and precipitation of cementite particles. In the wear tests, the gray cast iron specimens without heat treatment had the highest wear loss. The wear performance was improved by applying quench-tempering heat treatment and further enhanced by applying austempering heat treatment. Austempered gray cast iron specimens had lower mass loss than the quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens, which was attributed to the high fracture toughness of acicular ferrite and stable austenite. After utilizing the laser surface hardening treatment, both austempered and quench-tempered gray cast iron specimens had decreased wear loss due to the high surface protection provided by the ledeburitic and martensitic structures with high hardness. In the worn surfaces, it was found that cracks were the dominant wear mechanism. The results of this work have significant value in the future applications of gray cast iron engineering components and provide valuable references for future studies on laser-hardened gray cast iron.

Fabrication and Hardening Treatment for SiC/AlN Ceramic Composites

2009 ◽  
Vol 620-622 ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
Hai Yun Jin ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Xiang Ya Jia ◽  
Guan Jun Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
New Method ◽  
Composite Ceramics ◽  
Hardening Treatment ◽  
Sic Ceramic ◽  
Machinable Ceramic ◽  
Plasma Activated Sintering

In order to obtain machinable ceramic with high hardness and strong mechanical properties, the SiC/Al/h-BN Composite Ceramics were fabricated by a new method which prepared the machinable pre-sintered body by Plasma Activated Sintering (PAS) and increased it's mechanical properties after hardening treatment. The results showed that the machinability and density of the pre-sintered h-BN/Al/SiC ceramic composites were excellent, and after hardening treatment, the mechanical properties (hardness, bending strength and density) increased obviously.

THYROPLAST 2083 and THYROPLAST 2083 SUPRA ESR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Vacuum Degassing ◽  
Hardening Treatment

Abstract Thyroplast 2083 and 2083 SUPRA ESR steels are double tempered after a vacuum hardening treatment to develop a high hardness with excellent toughness. Vacuum degassing and ESR remelting assure superior cleanliness. High strength to 300 KSI is attainable. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and hardness as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-515. Producer or source: Thyssen Specialty Steels Inc.

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