scholarly journals Optimum Conditions for Extraction of Antibacterial Compounds from Citrus Aurantifolia Fruit Peel Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Rima Munawaroh
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Assay ◽  
Fruit Processing

Citrus fruit peel is a major waste in citrus fruit processing industry. The research on extraction activecompounds of Citrus aurantifolia (lime) fruit peel waste and antibacterial activity assay has been done. Theaim of research was to get optimum condition to extract their active compounds which have antibacterialactivity. The dried lime fruit peel was extracted by maceration method using ethanol 48%, 72%, and 96%.The dried and fresh lime fruit peel were also extracted using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial assay was done bydiffusion agar against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The resultshowed that optimal condition to extract antibacterial compound using fresh sample with ethyl acetate assolvent. The ethyl acetate extract of fresh sample was more active against S. aureus than E. coli.

scholarly journals Kandungan Fitokimia, Potensi Antibakteri dan Antioksidan Hasil Ekstraksi Caulerpa racemosa dengan Pelarut Berbeda

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endar Marraskuranto ◽  
Muhammad Nursid ◽  
Swestri Utami ◽  
Iriani Setyaningsih ◽  
Kustiariyah Tarman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Assay ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Caulerpa racemosa merupakan rumput laut hijau yang mengandung senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Perbedaan profil fitokimia dan bioaktivitas suatu ekstrak dipengaruhi oleh kepolaran pelarut ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari profil fitokimia, aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan ekstrak C. racemosa. Ekstrak diperoleh dari sampel segar C. racemosa yang dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode Resazurin Microtitter Assay (REMA) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji menggunakan metode 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Hasil penapisan fitokimia memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana mengandung alkaloid dan triterpenoid, sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, fenol, dan steroid. Aktivitas antibakteri terbaik ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etil asetat dengan nilai Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) terhadap E. coli sebesar 250 mg/mL. Ekstrak etil asetat C. racemosa juga memperlihatkan aktivitas antioksidan terbaik dengan nilai IC50 DPPH sebesar 110,7 mg/mL dan nilai FRAP sebesar 96,68 mmol Fe (II)/g. ABSTRACTCaulerpa racemosa is a green seaweed that contains active compounds that are potential for antibacterial and antioxidant. The phytochemical constituents and bioactivity of an extract depend on the extraction solvent polarity. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profiles, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of C. racemosa extracts. Extracts were obtained from the fresh C. racemosa samples that were macerated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Antibacterial assay was tested by Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA) method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant activity was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method. Phytochemical screening showed that n-hexane extract contained alkaloid and triterpenoid, while ethyl acetate and methanol extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and steroids. The most active extract in the antibacterial assay was ethyl acetate extract with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 250 mg/mL against E. coli. Ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa also showed the best antioxidant activity where the IC50 of DPPH value was 110.7 mg/mL and the FRAP value was 96.68 mmol Fe(II)/g.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of endosymbiotic fungi isolated from marine sponges collected from Kotok Kecil Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012069
Author(s):  
R Trifani ◽  
Noverita ◽  
T A Hadi ◽  
E Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stylissa Carteri ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Endosymbiont fungi from marine sponges are a rich source of medicinally active compounds. Indonesia has a huge number of marine sponges. This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial potential of endosymbiont fungi isolated from marine sponges collected from Kotok Kecil Island, Seribu Islands. The screening was conducted with two methods, the modified GIBEX and disc diffusion. Species of marine sponges were isolated, namely Petrosia sp., Stylissa carteri, Cinachyrella australiensis, Callyspongia sp., Petrosia nigrians, and Stylissa massa, and obtained 9 isolates of endosymbiont fungi. The GIBEX test against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans showed that ethyl acetate extract had strongest antibacterial activity. Disc diffusion test of ethyl acetate extract, five isolates had antibacterial activity against S. mutans and four against E. coli. The isolate that showed the strongest antibacterial activity was from Petrosia sp. Which has an inhibition zone of 8.4 mm against E. coli and 7.45 mm against S. mutans. The main active compounds from the isolate of Petrosia sp. are butylhydroxytoluene and phthalic acid di-(2-propylpentyl) esters. Based on this study, we concluded that the endosymbiont fungi of marine sponges are potential to be developed for further development as source of antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Liverworts of Dumortiera hirsute (Sw.) Nees Ethyl Acetate Extract Against Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Luthfiah Luthfiah ◽  
Dwi Setyati ◽  
Sattya Arimurti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Dumortiera hirsuta is one of the liverworts that can be used as a medicinal to prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria. The content of secondary metabolites of D. hirsuta has potential as antibacterial properties includes flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids. This research is to analyze the antibacterial activity of moss D. hirsuta against pathogenic bacteria that will be beneficial to humans. Liverworts of D. hirsuta were extracted using ethyl acetate solvent and tested against three types of pathogenic bacteria using the agar well-diffusion method. The results of this study indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of D. hirsuta at 100% concentration could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The range of antibacterial activity categories of the ethyl acetate extract of D. hirsuta to E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhi between weak to moderate.

scholarly journals A New Antibacterial Tetrahydronaphthalene Lignanamide, Foveolatamide, from the Stems of Ficus Foveolata

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Wirod Meerungrueang ◽  
Parkphoom Panichayupakaranant
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
First Report ◽  
Antibacterial Assay

An antibacterial assay-guided isolation of the crude ethyl acetate extract from Ficus foveolata stems afforded four compounds, including a tetrahydronaphthalene lignanamide, foveolatamide (1), together with two known lignanamides, flavifloramide B (2) and N-trans-grossamide (3), and a known phenolic amide, N-trans-feruloyltyramine (4). The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and MS techniques. Among the isolated compounds, only 1 showed satisfactory antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pyogenes, with an MIC and MBC value of 45 μM. This is the first report of these four compounds from the stems of F. foveolata.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and antifungal activity of crude extracts of Plumeria rubra L.

2013 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Laila Jarin ◽  
Md Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
MN Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts ◽  
Plumeria Rubra

Petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Plumeria rubra leaves were studied for their antimicrobial activities against eleven human pathogenic bacteria, viz., Shigella dysenteriae, S. sonnei, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae and four human pathogenic fungi, viz., Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. ustus and Candida albicans using disc diffusion and poisoned food method, respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extract exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the pathogens tested. The ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (25 mm in diameter with 2000 mg/disc extract) against E. coli. The highest inhibition of fungal radial mycelial growth (62.00% with 100 mg extract/ml medium) was recorded against A. ustus with ethyl acetate extract. The MICs were determined by broth macrodilution technique. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the lowest MIC (750 mg/ml) against E. coli. However, for fungi the lowest MIC was 500 mg/ml against A. ustus with the same extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v3i1.13409 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 3(1&2):87-94, 2008

scholarly journals STANDARDISATION OF PIPALIASAVA-A POLYHERBAL FORMULATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Ashiyana Mansuri ◽  
Sonal Desai
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Permissible Levels

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pipaliasava is a commercially available traditionally fermented biomedicine containing self-generated alcohol. Pipaliasava was standardised for various physicochemical and toxicological parameters using relevant modern techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pipaliasava was evaluated for organoleptic and various physicochemical properties. Alcohol content was determined by gas chromatography. The formulation was analysed for the presence of microbial contamination by microbial tests and for heavy metals by atomic emission spectroscopy. HPTLC studies were carried out for quantitative determination of gallic acid in ethyl acetate extract of the formulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The formulation was found to be mild acidic. The refractive index was found to be 1.37. The viscosity was found to be 29.2 cp. The solid content was found to be 22.05 % w/v. Water-soluble extractive value and alcohol-soluble extractive value were evaluated to be 31.664 % w/v and 30.424 % w/v. Reducing and non-reducing sugars were found to be 20.08 % w/v and 0.38 % w/v. The content of ethanol was found to be 8.29 % using GC technique. Different extracts of pipaliasava were evaluated for the presence of various phytoconstituents using respective chemical tests. The formulation showed the absence of lead and mercury and permissible levels of arsenic and cadmium. The formulation showed no presence of <em>E. coli, P. </em><em>aerugenosa</em> and<em> S. aureus</em> in the microbiological examination<em>.</em> Gallic acid content in the ethyl acetate extract of pipaliasava was found to be 0.0061 % by HPTLC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Marketed pipaliasava formulation was successfully standardized as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and WHO guidelines.</p>

High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Imazalil Residues in Gtrus Fruit

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1469-1474
Author(s):  
Shirley M Norman ◽  
David C Fouse
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A high pressure reverse phase liquid chromatographic method is described for determining the fungicide imazalil (1-[2,4-dichlorophenyl) -2- (2-propenyloxy)ethyl] -1H-imidazole) residues in whole citrus fruit, peel, and pulp. Imazalil is extracted from the fruit with ethyl acetate, partitioned into acid and back into ethyl acetate for cleanup, and detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 202 nm. Recovery from whole ground fruit of known amounts of imazalil applied to the surface of intact fruit averaged 84% 24 hr after application and 80% after the fruit had been stored 4 weeks at 15°C.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Secondary Metabolite from Marine Sponge Callyspongia sp. and its Antibacterial Potency

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 10082-10088
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography

Marine sponge Callyspongia sp. is one full of potency as a source for discovering and developing novel antibacterial. This study aims to isolate the Callypsongia sp. and assay their antibacterial activity. Callyspongia sp. were macerated with ethyl acetate (3x24 hrs), isolated with vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and RC (radial chromatography), and determined their structure with 1H and 13C-NMR. The antibacterial activity was assayed with the microdilution method. From ethyl acetate extract of Callyspongia sp. was successfully 2 isolated compounds, namely, isolate C1 (cholesterol) and isolate C2 (Unknown alkaloid with carbonyl from aldehyde group). The extract has MIC>512 µg/mL against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Salmonella enterica. While in both isolates provided MIC value >256 µg/mL against B. subtilis, E. coli, and S. mutans, yet in S. enterica provided 128 µg/mL for isolate C1 and 256 µg/mL for isolate C2. In conclusion, ethyl acetate extract of Callyspongia sp. contains cholesterol and Unknown alkaloid with carbonyl from the aldehyde group, and they both exhibited low antibacterial susceptibility.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Senyawa Kimia Fenolik Dalam Ekstrak Etil Asetat Kulit Buah Jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum (Benth.) I.C Nielsen)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sopian Pian
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Radical Reduction

Jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum (Benth.) I.C Nielsen) is a plant that is already familiar inIndonesia and is widely used as a processed food that is quite popular. One of the underutilized parts ofthe jengkol plant is the skin. Jengkol fruit peel contains alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, tannins,glycosides, sapoinin and steroids or triterpenoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the contentof chemical compounds in ethyl acetate extract of jengkol fruit peel, and to test antioxidant activity byDPPH free radical reduction method. The results of isolation, purification in ethyl acetate extract ofjengkol fruit skin does not provide activity as an antioxidant. The results of the analysis using FTIRspectrophotometry, Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceSpectroscopy ( 1 HNMR).

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik dan Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Tumbuhan Rengas (Gluta renghas L)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Sanusi Ibrahim ◽  
Suryati Suryati ◽  
Enda Desriansyah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Generally, Gluta renghas L. is known because of its very toxic latex which can cause hard irritations to skin. Although, rengas latex has efficacy as an antibacterial agent. Related to previous research, it has been reported that there are urisol, rengol, glutarengol, laccol, and thitsiol in rengas latex. The woody trunk was reported to contain flavonoid, benzenoid, lipid, and steroid compounds. The leaves, were reported shows that the leaves of G. renghas contain an anticholinesterase substance and can be reduced the rate of hydrolysis of acetylcholine. Extraction of rengas leaves has been carried out. It has been shown phenols, steroids, and coumarins compounds in methanol extract, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and alkaloids compounds in ethyl acetate extract, steroids and alkaloids compounds in hexane extract. In the present, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity have been tested. The results show that the great cytotoxicity activity by ethyl acetate extracts which have an LC50 value is 123,718 µg/mL (R2 0.9822), while the great antibacterial activity shown by methanol extract 1,000 µg/mL with a diameter of inhibition zone 19.02 mm (S. aureus) and 16.06 mm (E. coli). 

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