Matching under Transferable Utility: Theory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-André Chiappori
Keyword(s):  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Intrahousehold Allocation ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Hedonic Models ◽  
Transferable Utility ◽  
Property A ◽  
Hedonic Equilibrium ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Matching Models ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the theory of matching under transferable utility (TU). It first introduces a formal definition of the TU property: a group satisfies TU if there exists monotone transformations of individual utilities such that the Pareto frontier is a hyperplane. It then examines the cornerstone of the theory of nontransferable utility (NTU) matching, namely, the Gale-Shapley algorithm, before turning to a discussion of a crucial property of matching models under TU: their intrinsic relationship with optimal transportation. It also describes the notions of supermodularity and assortativeness, along with individual utilities and intrahousehold allocation. Finally, it looks at hedonic models, taking into account hedonic equilibrium and stable matching, and presents two examples that illustrate the relationship between matching and hedonic models: a competitive IO model and randomized matching.

scholarly journals Responsibility for Sacrilege in Russian Empire of 19th — early 20th Centuries (Law and Enforcement)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 463-478
Author(s):  
A. A. Solnyshkin ◽  
N. M. Korneva
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Property A ◽  
State And Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the history of relations between the Orthodox Church and the state and society. The importance of the religious component as a factor that played one of the key roles in the relationship between the state and society in Russia in the 19th — early 20th centuries is emphasized. The history of the development of responsibility for crimes against faith is traced. Particular attention is paid to this type of religious crime as sacrilege. The definition of “sacrilege” is given as a property encroachment directed at sacred or consecrated objects, as well as at church property. A detailed description of this type of crime is given and, using examples of judicial precedents of the law enforcement practice of the Russian Empire of the 19th century, its features are shown. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it traces the evolution of the concept of “sacrilege” in Russian legislation of the 19th — early 20th centuries and determines the main trends in the field of law enforcement in relation to these crimes. It is proved that, despite the all-Russian tendency to gradually mitigate punishments for committing many religious crimes at the beginning of the 20th century, mitigation of responsibility in relation to sacrilege did not happen.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-André Chiappori
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Family Economics ◽  
Transferable Utility ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Roe V Wade ◽  
Matching Models ◽  
The Relationship

This concluding chapter discusses the progress that has been made with matching models on both the theoretical and the empirical front. Regarding theory, the power and the limits of the transferable utility (TU) model are now better understood. The TU framework can (admittedly under specific assumptions on preferences) encompass most aspects of family economics, including fertility, domestic production, risk sharing, and the consumption of public commodities. On the empirical side, the econometrics of matching models have seen several major advances, with the Choo-Siow model as a prime example. The chapter also considers what matching models teach us about reality, such as the asymmetry between male and female demand for higher education, and the relationship between assortative matching and inequality. Furthermore, a host of social issues can only be analyzed from a general equilibrium perspective; this is evident in the case of Roe v. Wade.

Matching with Transfers: Basic Notions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-André Chiappori
Keyword(s):  
Metric Spaces ◽  
Transferable Utility ◽  
Equilibrium Concept ◽  
Matching Problem ◽  
Basic Equilibrium ◽  
One To One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Matching Models

This chapter describes the basic notions of matching with transfers. It first introduces the notations that will be used throughout the book, including two compact, separable metric spaces: the space of female characteristics and the space of male characteristics. In particular, it outlines a framework that is common to all (bipartite, one-to-one) matching models. It then considers how a matching problem is defined in the nontransferable utility, transferable utility, and imperfectly transferable utility cases. It also explains how the solution is defined in all three cases, noting that there are differences in the definition of an equilibrium. In all cases, the basic equilibrium concept is stability.

Implementing collection classes with monads

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERNIE G. MANES
Keyword(s):  
Category Theory ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Axiomatic Theory ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

In object-oriented programming, there are many notions of ‘collection with members in X’. This paper offers an axiomatic theory of collections based on monads in the category of sets and total functions. Heuristically, the axioms defining a collection monad state that each collection has a finite set of members of X, that pure 1-element collections exist and that a collection of collections flattens to a single collection whose members are the union of the members of the constituent collections. The relationship between monads and universal algebra leads to a formal definition of collection implementation in terms of tree-processing. Ideas from elementary category theory underly the classification of collections. For example, collections can be zipped if and only if the monad's endofunctor preserves pullbacks. Or, a collection can be uniquely specified by its shape and list of data if the morphisms of the Kleisli category of the monad are all deterministic, and the converse holds for commutative monads. Again, a collection monad is ordered if the monad's functor preserves equalizers of monomorphisms (so, in particular, if collections can be zipped the monad is ordered). Every implementable monad is ordered. It is shown using the well-ordering principle that a collection monad is ordered if and only if its functor admits an appropriated list-valued natural transformation that lists the members of each collection.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CAPITAL OF UKRAINE - THE HERO CITY OF KYIV AS A GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF UKRAINE AND THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF THE CITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Chepov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Social ◽  
District Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The qualitative and clear definition of the legal regime of the capital of Ukraine, the hero city of Kyiv, is influenced by its legislative enshrinement, however, it should be noted that discussions are ongoing and one of the reasons for the unclear legal status of the capital is the ambiguity of current legislation in this area. Separation of the functions of the city of Kyiv, which are carried out to ensure the rights of citizens of Ukraine and the functions that guarantee the rights of the territorial community of the city of Kyiv. In the modern world, in legal doctrine and practice, the capital is understood as the capital of the country, which at the legislative level received this status and, accordingly, is the administrative and political center of the state, which houses the main state bodies and diplomatic missions of other states. It is the identification of the boundaries of the relationship between the competencies of state administrations and local self-government, in practice, often raises questions about their delimitation and ways of regulatory solution. Peculiarities of local self-government in Kyiv city districts are defined in the provisions of the Law on the Capital, which reveal the norms of the Constitution in these legal relations, according to which the issue of organizing district management in cities belongs to city councils. Likewise, it is unregulated by law to lose the particularity of the legal status of the territory of the city. It should be emphasized that the subject of administrative-legal relations is not a certain administrative-territorial entity, but the social group is designated - the territorial community of the city of Kiev, kiyani. Thus, the provisions on the city of Kyiv partially ignore the potential of the territorial community.

Compliance and Conflict of Value in Public Policy Implementation: Comparison between the New Order and the Reformation Era

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwiyanto Indiahono ◽  
Erwan Purwanto ◽  
Agus Pramusinto
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Public Policy Implementation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conflict Of Value ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to examine differences in the relationship of bureaucratic and political officials during the New Order (Soeharto’s era) and the Reformation (post-Soeharto) era within the arena of public policy implementation. This is a matter of importance given that there is a change in relations between the two from integration in the New Order to bureaucratic impartiality in the Reformation Era. This study attempts to answer the question: How were the relations of bureaucratic and political officials in the implementation of local level public policy during the New Order and the Reformation Era? A qualitative research has been conducted in Tegal Municipality using the following data collection techniques: interview, focus group discussion, documentation, and observation. Tegal Municipality was selected as the study location because of the unique relationship shown between the mayor and the bureaucracy. Its uniqueness lies in the emergence of bureaucratic officials who dare to oppose political officials, based on their convictions that bureaucratic/public values should be maintained even if it means having to be in direct conflict with political officials. This research indicates that the relationship between bureaucratic and political officials in the arena of local level policy implementation during the New Order was characterized as being full of pressure and compliance, whereas during the Reformation Era bureaucrats have the audacity to hinder policy implementation. Such audacity to thwart policies is considered to have developed from a stance that aims to protect public budget and values in policies. The occurring conflict of values here demonstrates a dichotomy of political and bureaucratic officials that is different from the prevailing definition of politics-administration dichotomy introduced at the onset of Public Administration studies.

The Concept of Europeanization and Possibilities of its Application to the Analysis of Ukraine-EU Relations

2017 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Natalia Popova
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Member States ◽  
External Governance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eu Studies ◽  
The Eu

The concept of Europeanization has become quite fashionable in EU studies in recent years. It is often used for the analysis of the relations between the EU and non-member states. The aim of the article is to examine the possibilities of its application in explaining the relationship between the EU and Ukraine. The structure of the article is as follows: firstly, the concept of Europeanization is defined considering such two disputable issues as distinguishing among concepts of Europeanization and European integration as well as Europeanization and EU-ization. Next, the evolution of the theoretical research of Europeanization and definition of this concept are analyzed. Two main mechanisms of Europeanization (conditionality and socialization) are examined. The author considers main approaches to the analysis of the "external" Europeanization emphasizing the concept of "external governance". Three groups of factors which influence the effectiveness of Europeanization are briefly analyzed. And finally, the peculiarities of application of the Europeanization concept to the Ukraine-EU relations are outlined. Keywords: EU, Ukraine, Europeanization, EU-ization, ‘external’ Europeanization, conditionality, socialization, concept of ‘external governance’

О вопросах фольклоризма в письменной литературе

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Суусар Искендерова
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Term ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Аннотация: Исследование проблемы фольклоризма является наиболее актуальной в современной науке о фольклоре. На разных этапах развития художественной литературы для формирования индивидуального творчества писателя особенно значимым становятся фольклорные жанры, сюжетные мотивы и художественные средства. В статье рассматривается связь письменной литературы и фольклора, особенно точка зрения проблеме фольклоризма в прошлом и их анализ. Термин «фольклоризм» начал использоваться советскими исследователями учеными как научный термин еще в 1930-х гг. Термин «фольклоризм» используется в различных сферах культуры, а в этой статье мы будем рассматривать в литературе. Несмотря на то, что на протяжении многих лет этот вопрос изучается литературоведами, фольклористами, все -таки нет единого теоретического определения понятия. Ключевые слова: фольклор, фольклоризм, литература, культура, письменная литература, художественная литература, оседлый народ, пословицы и поговорки, фольклорные песни. Аннотация: Көркөм адабияттын өнүгүүсүнүн ар кайсы баскычтарында сүрөткердин жеке чыгармачылыгынын калыптанышы үчүн фольклордук жанрлар, сюжеттер, мотивдер жана көркөм каражаттар айрыкча мааниге ээ. Макалада жазма адабият менен фольклордук карым-катышы, айрыкча фольклоризм маселеси жөнүндө мурдагы көз караштарга кайрылып, аларга талдоо жүргүзүү менен бирге автор өз байкоолорунда келтирет. “Фольклоризм” деген илимий термин 1930-жылы баштап колдонула баштаган. “Фольклоризм” термини маданияттын түрдүү сфераларында кеңири колдо- нулат, бул жерде адабияттагы колдонулушун каралат. Макалада адабий материал менен фольклордук байланышын терең түшүнүү үчүн адабий фольклоризм маселесинин талаштуу жактары каралат. Түйүндүү сөздөр: фольклор, фольклоризм, адабият, маданият, жазма адабият, көркөм адабият, көчмөн калк, макал-лакап, фольклордук ырлар. Annotation: The study of the problem of folklore is the most relevant in the modern science of folklore. At various stages in the development of fiction, folklore genres, plot motifs, and artistic means become especially significant for the formation of the writer's individual creativity. The article examines the relationship between written literature and folklore, especially the point of view of the problem of folklorism in the past and their analysis. The term "folklorism" began to be used by Soviet scholars as a scientific term back in the 1930s. The term "folklorism" is used in various fields of culture, and in this article we will consider in the literature. Despite the fact that for many years this issue has been studied by literary scholars, folklorists, all the same there is no single theoretical definition of the concept. Keywords: folklore, folklorism, literature, culture, written literature, fiction, settled people, proverbs and sayings, folk songs.

Sifat-sifat Submodul Prima dan Submodul Prima Lemah

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Hisyam Ihsan ◽  
Muhammad Abdy ◽  
Samsu Alam B
Keyword(s):  
Prime Ideal ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Prime Submodules ◽  
Unitary Module ◽  
Prime Submodule ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kajian pustaka yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat submodul prima dan submodul prima lemah serta hubungan antara keduanya. Kajian dimulai dari definisi submodul prima dan submodul prima lemah, selanjutnya dikaji mengenai sifat-sifat dari keduanya. Pada penelitian ini, semua ring yang diberikan adalah ring komutatif dengan unsur kesatuan dan modul yang diberikan adalah modul uniter. Sebagai hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh beberapa pernyataan yang ekuivalen, misalkan  suatu -modul ,  submodul sejati di  dan ideal di , maka ketiga pernyataan berikut ekuivalen, (1)  merupakan submodul prima, (2) Setiap submodul tak nol dari   -modul memiliki annihilator yang sama, (3) Untuk setiap submodul  di , subring  di , jika berlaku  maka  atau . Di lain hal, pada submodul prima lemah jika diberikan  suatu -modul,  submodul sejati di , maka pernyataan berikut ekuivalen, yaitu (1) Submodul  merupakan submodul prima lemah, (2) Untuk setiap , jika  maka . Selain itu, didapatkan pula hubungan antara keduanya, yaitu setiap submodul prima merupakan submodul prima lemah.Kata Kunci: Submodul Prima, Submodul Prima Lemah, Ideal Prima. This research is literature study that aims to examine the properties of prime submodules and weakly prime submodules and the relationship between  both of them. The study starts from the definition of prime submodules and weakly prime submodules, then reviewed about the properties both of them. Throughout this paper all rings are commutative with identity and all modules are unitary. As the result of this research, obtained several equivalent statements, let  be a -module,  be a proper submodule of  and  ideal of , then the following three statetments are equivalent, (1)  is a prime submodule, (2) Every nonzero submodule of   -module has the same annihilator, (3) For any submodule  of , subring  of , if  then  or . In other case, for weakly prime submodules, if given  is a unitary -module,  be a proper submodule of , then the following statements are equivalent, (1)  is a weakly prime submodule, (2) For any , if  then . In addition, also found the relationship between both of them, i.e. any prime submodule is weakly prime submodule.Keywords: Prime Submodules, Weakly Prime Submdules, Prime Ideal.

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