scholarly journals STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF ELECTRONIC MILITARY INFORMATION TEXTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Ульяна Александровна Ульянова
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Electronic Texts ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Information Text ◽  
The One

Введение. Рассматриваются композиционные особенности электронных военно-информационных текстов. Необходимость описания данных текстов обусловлена переходом коммуникации в электронную плоскость, что оказало существенное влияние на их композицию. Цель – описать композиционные особенности электронных военно-информационных текстов. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили военно-информационные тексты, извлеченные методом сплошной выборки, представленные на сайтах military.com (30 текстов) и nationalinterest.com (35 текстов). В качестве методов были выбраны метод композиционного анализа, описательно-аналитический и сравнительно-сопоставительный методы. Результаты и обсуждение. Установлены отличительные особенности электронного военно-информационного текста, к которым относятся мультимедийность, гипертекстовость, интерсемиотичность и интерактивность. Предложена классификация электронных военно-информационных текстов исходя из способа создания. В соответствии с этим параметром были выделены онлайн- и офлайн-электронные тексты. Установлено, что в военно-информационных текстах используются несколько типов ссылок: интратекстуальные ссылки, содержащие отсылку к материалам, опубликованным на других сайтах; внетекстовые автоссылки, содержащие информацию с контактными данными автора статьи; внетекстовые ссылки, переход по которым ведет к статье на схожую тематику. Была определена двойственная природа интерактивности как одного из элементов композиции электронного военно-информационного текста. С одной стороны, интерактивность обеспечивает непосредственное взаимодействие между адресатом и адресантом, с другой – реализуется через интерсемиотические элементы, которые позволяют распространить и поделиться информацией на разных интернет-площадках (социальных сетях, форумах, электронной почте). Гипертекстовость, интерсемиотичность, интерактивность относятся к обязательным характеристикам электронного текста. Мультимедийность рассматривается как факультативная характеристика электронного военно-информационного текста, так как видеофрагменты как один из коммуникативных блоков текста присутствуют не во всех текстах, несмотря на обязательное присутствие креолизованного компонента в форме статичной фотографии. Проведен сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ коммуникативных блоков в электронных текстах. На основе анализа результатов были выделены электронные военно-информационные тексты с жесткой и нежесткой структурой. Заключение. Доказано, что обязательными структурными признаками электронного военно-информационного текста являются интертекстовость, интерактивность и интерсемиотичность. Результаты анализа структурных особенностей свидетельствуют о перспективности исследования прагмастилистических характеристик электронных военно-информационных текстов. Introduction. The structural features of electronic military information texts have been analyzed. The necessity to describe the electronic texts is caused by the transition of communication to the electronic mode, which has had a significant impact on the composition of military information texts. The aim is to describe the compositional features of electronic military information texts. Material and methods. The research methods include compositional analysis, descriptive-analytical and comparative method. The material of the research is military information texts extracted by the random sampling method from the websites military.com (30 texts) and nationalinterest.com (35 texts). Results and discussion. Distinctive features of the electronic military information texts include multimedia, hypertext, intersemioticity and interactivity. The classification of electronic military-information texts on the basis of the means of communication has been presented. Online and offline electronic texts are distinguished in accordance with this parameter. Several types of hypertext links are used in military information texts: intratextual links containing reference to the materials published on other sites; non-textual auto hypertext links with contact information of the author of the article; non-textual hypertext links which lead to the article on similar subjects. The main types of hypertext links are also defined in terms of their language representation. The dual nature of interactivity as one of the elements of the composition of the electronic military information text was established. On the one hand, it provides the direct interaction between the addresser and the addressee. On the other hand, interactivity is realized through intersemiotic elements (cross-posting), which allow spreading and sharing information on different Internet sites (social networks, forums, e-mail). Hypertext, intersemioticity, interactivity are considered as obligatory characteristics of the electronic military information texts. Multimedia is regarded as an optional characteristic of the electronic military information text, because video fragments as one of the communication blocks of the text are not present in all texts, although a creolized component in the form of a photo is an obligatory part of text composition. A comparative analysis of the communication blocks in electronic texts has been carried out. Electronic military information texts with strict and free composition have been singled out. Conclusion. It has been proved that the obligatory compositional features of the electronic military information text are intertextuality, interactivity and intersemioticity. The results of the peculiarities of compositional analysis show the promising nature of the investigation of pragmastylistic features of electronic military information texts.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE BODY ANALYSIS OF SHEIKH LOTFOLLAH MOSQUE IN ISFA-HAN AND AHMED MOSQUE IN ISTANBUL

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Alireza Haj Vaziri ◽  
Parnaz Goodarzparvari ◽  
Ismail Baniardalan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Islamic Architecture ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

A mosque is a manifestation in which religion meets with art, demonstrating the most distinctive features of this art. Among the structural analysis approaches in architectural science, body analysis is critical, especially while the conceptual characteristics are considered. The positioning of the mosque building bodies and their relation to each other is also essential. The study aims to realize the geometry of motifs in Islamic architecture contemplated in many scientific and artistic disciplines from the perspective of body approach and understand the pattern on which this creative adaptation is made. In the Safavid era and the Ottoman Empire, Iran, due to its religious approaches, political rivalries, and European influence, saw new relations, and their cultural and artistic influences became tight. To understand the structural features of the architecture of the Safavid and Ottoman era, Sheikh Lotfollah and Sultan Ahmad mosques were studied (as a case study), considering their body analysis as a route to investigate the application of concepts and elements of Islamic architecture, as well as considering the architectural practices of the region and geographical location. Obtained results provided the relationship of the bodies and spaces to each other. Despite many differences, there are some distinct similarities in the body of the studied mosques due to the mystery of the motifs that unite the whole building in Islamic buildings. There is a display of homogeneity and dominance of decoration over the form. The one behind the decoration is in line with Islamic concepts and values. It is a message of unity and solidarity.

scholarly journals Electron microscopy of synthetic myosin filaments. Evidence for cross-bridge. Flexibility and copolymer formation.

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
T D Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Myosin ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Myosin Filaments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscle Myosin

Electron micrographs of negatively stained synthetic myosin filaments reveal that surface projections, believed to be the heads of the constituent myosin molecules, can exist in two configurations. Some filaments have the projections disposed close to the filament backbone. Other filaments have all of their projections widely spread, tethered to the backbone by slender threads. Filaments formed from the myosins of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and platelets each have distinctive features, particularly their lengths. Soluble mixtures of skeletal muscle myosin with either smooth muscle myosin or platelet myosin were dialyzed against 0.1 M KC1 at pH 7 to determine whether the simultaneous presence of two types of myosin would influence the properties of the filaments formed. In every case, a single population of filaments formed from the mixtures. The resulting filaments are thought to be copolymers of the two types of myosin, for several reasons: (a) their length-frequency distribution is unimodal and differs from that predicted for a simple mixture of two types of myosin filaments; (b) their mean length is intermediate between the mean lengths of the filaments formed separately from the two myosins in the mixture; (c) each of the filaments has structural features characteristic of both of the myosins in the mixture; and (d) their size and shape are determined by the proportion of the two myosins in the mixture.

La citoyenneté et la construction de l'Europe : discussions théoriques

Res Publica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 361-380
Author(s):  
Paul Magnette
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

This paper examines the evolving ideological content of the concept of citizenship and particularly the challenges it faces as a consequence of the building of the European Union. From an epistemological point of view it is first argued that citizenship may be described as a dual concept: it is both a legal institution composed of the rights of the citizen as they are fixed at a certain moment of its history, and a normative ideal which embodies their political aspirations. As a result of this dual nature, citizenship is an essentially dynamicnotion, which is permanently evolving between a state of balance and change.  The history of this concept in contemporary political thought shows that, from the end of the second World War it had raised a synthesis of democratic, liberal and socialist values on the one hand, and that it was historically and logically bound to the Nation-State on the other hand. This double synthesis now seems to be contested, as the themes of the "crisis of the Nation State" and"crisis of the Welfare state" do indicate. The last part of this paper grapples with recent theoretical proposals of new forms of european citizenship, and argues that the concept of citizenship could be renovated and take its challenges into consideration by insisting on the duties and the procedures it contains.

DOCUMENTARY ANIMATED: GENESIS AND SPECIFICITY (PREVIEW ARTICLE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-115
Author(s):  
Natalia G. Krivulya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Animated Film ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research

Animated documentary is becoming one of the fastest growing phenomena of modern screen art in the post-truth era. The review and analysis of scientific works devoted to animated documentary is seen as relevant both for the further development of scientific thought and the search for new research strategies that expand the problem field, and for the practical sphere. The research was conducted on the basis of a review and analysis of scientific literature (monographs and articles in international journals included in electronic research system international databases Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary.ru) in English, Spanish and Russian for the period 1997-2019. The novelty of the review article is not only an attempt to present a systematic view of animated documentary as a phenomenon of screen art, but also to identify and systematize the areas in which scientific discussions are conducted. It introduces the reader to theoretical views on the terminology, Genesis, specifics, nature, and classification systems of documentary animation. Animated documentary appeared when the cinema was just taking first steps but its development began in the 1980s. At this time, animation begins to take an interest in reality, inner peace, and socially taboo topics. Since the 1990s, the foundations of animated documentary are laid, narrative strategies are developed, and a new language are actively sought. Interest in animated documentary from the scientific community arose only in the 2000s. On the one hand, it has been manifested by the increasing role of documentation in the art, which has taken on an attraction character since the advent of digital technology; on the other hand, and as a consequence of the convergence of screen arts and the emergence of hybridization trends. The academic community has focused around developing definitions and understanding what can be attributed to the field of documentary animation. By 2010, the scientific literature focused on issues related to the specifics of animated documentary, ways of presenting reality, and indexing. By the mid-2010s, animation is becoming the subject of interdisciplinary study. At this time, there are develop tools for analyzing works of animated documentaries, and its genre system begins to build. One of the main features of animated documentaries is hybridity. Its dual nature is born of fluctuations between the certainty of facts and artistic embodiment. The problems of authenticity and representation of reality become one of the most controversial topics in an animated film. The work provides an overview of theoretical studies on the genesis, history and particularities of animadoc. The theoretical texts identify three approaches that form the main directions in the analysis of animated documentary. The first group of researchers analyzes this phenomenon and its nature based on the theories of documentaries and the transformation with the advent of digital technologies, of the concepts of reality, authenticity and fact (document). The second group of authors considers animation as a phenomenon of modern animation that arose as a result of technological renewal and changes in its role as a socio-cultural practice. A third group of scientists believes that animadoc is a post-postmodern phenomenon that arose as a means of presenting a world in which there is mobility of borders and cyberspace becomes a new reality. The review allows us to conclude that animated documentary is a manifestation of a new mode of postphotographic vision of a reflexive nature, in which the imagination that refracts images of reality becomes of primary importance. Despite the interest in it from the academic community and the emergence of theoretical works, the study of this phenomenon is only at the initial stage. Despite the interest in it from the academic community, there is a small number of deep theoretical works caused by the hybrid nature of the phenomenon itself, the imperfection of working models and methods for analyzing representational strategies, and the problems of forming a conceptual apparatus.

Distinctive Features in Speech Pathology: Phonology or Phonemics?

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Parker
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Generative Theory ◽  
Speech Science ◽  
The One

Distinctive feature is not a unique concept within linguistic theory. It has two distinct theoretical bases: phonemic theory and generative theory. Phonemic theory assumes a direct correspondence between distinctive features (the elements of phonemes) and the speech signal. Although this assumption can be shown to be incorrect, it seems to be the one most widely held in speech science. Generative theory, on the other hand, assumes no such direct relation and consequently can account for certain linguistic phenomena that phonemic theory cannot. This theory then seems to be preferable to phonemic theory for a featural analysis of misarticulation. However, there is a problem. Chomsky and Halle’s system (generative theory) as it stands does not deal with the link between what it conceives to be the lowest level of linguistic structure (the phonetic matrix) and speech production. Therefore, Chomsky and Halle’s distinctive features cannot be applied fruitfully to all instances of misarticulation. The discrepancy that exists between phonological structure and the speech signal must be accounted for in a theory of speech production. This can be accomplished by recognizing a production matrix below the phonetic matrix, where segments are described in terms of production features. The crucial point is that no one-to-one relationship necessarily exists between distinctive features and production features.

scholarly journals Features of the Political Development of Africa in the Postcolonial Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Wolde Mikhael Kassaye Nigusie ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Ivkina
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
The One ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the features of the formation and development of Africa in the postcolonial period. The authors study such fundamental issues as the formation of modern States in Africa, the formation of the ruling elite and its influence on the political and socio-economic system, the role of the army and ethnic conflicts in the process of state formation. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that Russian and foreign historical science has not yet formed a common opinion on how to assess the consequences of the colonial period for Africa. Pluralism of opinions, on the one hand, generates the discussion for research, on the other, introduces a destructive imbalance in the representation of the region. As a novelty of the study, it’s necessary to note the neo-patrimonial approach to studying the features of the postcolonial period in Africa. It identifies separate thematic blocks that help assess the impact of colonization on the development of countries on the continent. The article also considers the correlation between the traditional and westernized elements within African political culture. The borrowing of political institutions and statehood theories is also considered not only as a consequence of the colonial past, but also as the political choice of the first national leaders of Africa, in the framework of their aspiration to choose an effective development way and to find a balance between the tradition and modernization. The main purpose of the study is to assess the results of decolonization in the context of ethnic, military and political aspects of the formation of African States. The polemic nature of the principles of understanding the postcolonial period of African development has led to the need to use a functional approach as a methodological basis. This is due to the need to study the principles of functioning of the political system of the region, rather than individual states. The neo-patrimonialist approach also gave rise to the use of a comparative method to compare the main theoretical postulates with the real situation in Africa. A vast array of sources and literature in Russian and English is needed to reflect the multi-vector possibilities of research on African issues.

scholarly journals Elucidating the structural features of ABCA1 in its heterogeneous membrane environment.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunidhi S ◽  
Sukriti Sacher ◽  
Parth Garg ◽  
Arjun Ray
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Lipid Monolayer ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Lipid Dynamics ◽  
Lipid Environment ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

ABCA1 plays an integral part in Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT) and is critical for maintaining lipid homeostasis. One theory of lipid efflux by the transporter (alternating access) proposes that ABCA1 harbors two different conformations that provide alternate access for lipid binding and release, leading to sequestration via a direct interaction between ABCA1 and its partner, ApoA1. The alternative theory (lateral access) proposes that ABCA1 obtains lipids laterally from the membrane to form a temporary extracellular reservoir containing an isolated pressurized lipid monolayer caused by the net accumulation of lipids in the exofacial leaflet. Recently, a full-length Cryo-EM structure of this 2,261-residue transmembrane protein showed its discreetly folded domains and conformations, as well as detected the presence of a tunnel enclosed within ECDs. While the tunnel was wide enough at the proximal end for accommodating passage of lipids, the distal end displayed substantial narrowing, making it inaccessible for ApoA1. Therefore, this structure was hypothesized to substantiate the lateral access theory, whereby ApoA1 obtained lipids from the proximal end. Utilizing long time-scale multiple replica atomistic molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), we simulated the structure in a heterogeneous lipid environment and found that along with several large conformational changes, the protein widens enough at the distal end of its ECD tunnel to now enable lipid accommodation. In this study we have characterized ABCA1 and the lipid dynamics along with the protein-lipid interactions in the heterogeneous environment, providing novel insights into understanding ABCA1 conformation at an atomistic level.

Pedagogical Potential of Socio-Cultural Services for the Population in the Context of a Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
L.I. Donskova ◽  
◽  
E.M. Kryukova ◽  
V.Sh. Khetagurova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Cultural Services ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The One ◽  
Sociological Studies

the study of socio-cultural services of the population from a social point of view is due, on the one hand, to the increase in its social significance, on the other – to social changes, as well as events related to the pandemic. Of particular importance in the field of leisure in the process of meeting the needs of a person are not only individual requests, but also the processes of managing his social actions. Therefore, the objectives of the study are to analyze the socio-cultural services of the population, which have the characteristics of social and cultural activities, under the influence of changes in Russian society, including in the context of the pandemic, as well as to identify the possibilities of socio-cultural services in the future as a pedagogical potential for each person and society as a whole. The research methods were content analysis of domestic authors, general scientific methods, comparative (comparative) method, as well as the analysis of data from sociological studies of domestic authors and the author’s team. Results: the analysis of socio-cultural services characterizes the correlation of socio-cultural transformations in Russian society with the availability and structure of consumption of socio-cultural services. The analysis of cause-and-effect relationships allows us to identify trends, patterns and problems. The formation of a management system using the principles and methods of human service in its various aspects and taking into account the Russian specifics can change the conditions and standard of living of citizens of our country.

scholarly journals Crosslinked Recombinant-Ara h 1 Catalyzed by Microbial Transglutaminase: Preparation, Structural Characterization and Allergic Assessment

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1508
Author(s):  
Yang Tian ◽  
Chenglong Liu ◽  
Wentong Xue ◽  
Zhongfu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Microbial Transglutaminase ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Intrinsic Structure ◽  
Ara H 1 ◽  
Molecular Forces ◽  
The One

As the one of the major allergens in peanut, the allergenicity of Ara h 1 is influenced by its intrinsic structure, which can be modified by different processing. However, molecular information in this modification has not been clarified to date. Here, we detected the influence of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) catalyzed cross-linking on the recombinant peanut protein Ara h 1 (rAra h 1). Electrophoresis and spectroscopic methods were used to analysis the structural changes. The immunoreactivity alterations were characterized by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting and degranulation test. Structural features of cross-linked rAra h 1 varied at different reaction stages. Hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds were the main molecular forces in polymers induced by heating and reducing. In MTG-catalyzed cross-linking, ε-(γ-glutamyl) lysine isopeptide bonds were formed, thus inducing a relatively stable structure in polymers. MTG catalyzed cross-linking could modestly but significantly reduce the immunoreactivity of rAra h 1. Decreased content of conserved secondary structures led to a loss of protection of linear epitopes. Besides, the reduced surface hydrophobic index and increased steric hindrance of rAra h 1 made it more difficult to bind with antibodies, thus hindering the subsequent allergic reaction.

scholarly journals Water-Soluble O-, S- and Se-Functionalized Cyclic Acetyl-triaza-phosphines. Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Catalytic Azide-alkyne Cycloaddition

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5479
Author(s):  
Abdallah Mahmoud ◽  
Piotr Smoleński ◽  
M. Guedes da Silva ◽  
Armando Pombeiro
Keyword(s):  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hirshfeld Surfaces ◽  
The One ◽  
High Yields

The 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (DAPTA) derivatives, viz. the already reported 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 5-oxide (DAPTA=O, 1), the novel 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-5-sulfide (DAPTA=S, 2), and 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-5-selenide (DAPTA=Se, 3), have been synthesized under mild conditions. They are soluble in water and most common organic solvents and have been characterized using 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and, for 2 and 3, also by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The effect of O, S, or Se at the phosphorus atom on the structural features of the compounds has been investigated, also through the analyses of Hirshfeld surfaces. The presence of 1–3 enhances the activity of copper for the catalytic azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction in an aqueous medium. The combination of cheaply available copper (II) acetate and compound 1 has been used as a catalyst for the one-pot and 1,4-regioselective procedure to obtain 1,2,3-triazoles with high yields and according to ‘click rules’.

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