scholarly journals THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CIVIC POSITION FORMATION IN PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Elena Yuryevna Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Standards

The problems of the civic position formation of an individual are rooted in multiple factors. These include a challenging stage in the development of Russian society, social, cultural, economic, and political problems, rethinking the country’s past, and unclear value references. All these factors can lead to moral disorientation and a loss of ideals. At the present stage, the formation of civic position is an interesting subject of research for many scientists. They reveal the essence of Citizenship as a concept and describe civic position formation’s psychological aspects. Moreover, citizenship is considered a social phenomenon, the formation of which depends on social relations and the organization of the educational process. During the last decade, there has been an increased interest in research on the problem of citizenship formation at an adolescent age. In pedagogy, the following types of positions are distinguished: lifestyle, social, and internal. The similarity of the concepts of Internal Position and Attitude is emphasized, and it is explained that Attitude defines Position as a unified system of individual-personal relations between a person and their surrounding reality. Objective and subjective factors under the influence of which a person’s civic position is formed are also explained. The objective factors refer to socio-political conditions. Meanwhile, subjective factors refer to the interests of the individual, their needs, abilities, and values. On this basis, the following components, which are most often highlighted by scientists in the study and generalization of a person’s civic position, and contribution to its formation, are listed: cognitive (knowledge of citizenship, civic position, civil rights and responsibilities), motivational-valuable (a humanistic feature of a person’s relationship to society, work, people and themselves, civic value orientations), and activity (ability to fulfill one’s civil rights and duties, comply with social and legal standards, carry out socially significant activities for the public good). Three levels of formation of a person’s civic position are distinguished and described (low, average, high). The relationship and differences of such concepts as Patriotism, Citizenship, Civic Position, as well as Patriot and Citizen are emphasized, and their essence is revealed. By Patriotism, we mean the feeling of love and attachment to a country and alliance with other citizens who share the same sentiment to create a feeling of oneness among the people. As part of the study of the civic position formation, the concept of Civic activity is touched upon, which is explained and classified by the following types: official (electoral process) and unofficial (participation in socially significant activities). The manifestation forms of a person’s civic position affecting their formation are outlined (passive, active, conformist (consumer), rebellious (protest), constructive). At the same time, emphasis is placed on an active civic position, in which society and the state are interested. The conclusion clarifies the definition of Civic Position, which is explained as a system of positive value orientations that an individual may possess in relation to the state, law, civil society, themselves as an active citizen, carrying out socially important activities, and a focus on the public good. The analysis of the studied topic allows us to state its undoubted theoretical and practical significance since this problem is relevant and not fully solved at the present stage of the socio-political development of Russia.

scholarly journals ЕКОНОМІКА ЗНАНЬ: СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ПЕРЕШКОДИ НА ШЛЯХУ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
А. С. Машкіна
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
The Social

Developed economies of individual states are becoming an example and set the pace of development for others. Countries that are now leading the way have brought people to the forefront with their spiritual, human and intellectual qualities. Ukraine has not yet taken this experience and goes in the opposite direction, devaluing all kinds of relations in the state. The purpose of the research is to highlight the state of the organization of interaction of the population with all branches of power in order to understand and identify the steps towards the development of the knowledge economy. The object of research is the social complex of living conditions of the population of Ukraine, as the basis for the formation of value orientations of the knowledge economy. The methods used of the research were the practical side of the built relationship between the population and authorities at all levels. The hypothesis of the research is the idea that everyone should take his worthy place to shift a car called State in the direction of improving the quality of social relations, which will serve to increase the economic component. The statement of basic materials. To date, the state of interaction and communication with government is striking by the depreciation and neglect of moral, ethical and legal standards. The incompetence of the authorities and the high corruption of all structures leads to disruption of relations between all segments of the population. The great anti-social orientation of many laws and reforms does not allow a citizen to develop and realize his potential, as the consciousness of more than half of the population has mastered a single opinion – how to survive. The originality and practical significance of the research. To achieve economic growth and the implementation of large-scale innovation, you need to start with radical changes in the social plane. The proposed steps will improve the relations between the people and the authorities, establish dialogue and restore confidence in the state apparatus. Conclusions of the research. Based on this study, we can understand that we need to radically revise the relations between the population and the authorities and to be guided by common sense when making decisions that can harm another person

scholarly journals Blockchain in the public procurement system

E-Management ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
N. G. Kosyan ◽  
I. V. Mil'kina
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Procurement Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Institutional Model

Public procurement accounts for a significant share of the country's budget. It is impossible to solve the problem of effective budget spending without establishing a rational and transparent system of public procurement. On the basis of international practice, a system of public procurement has been developed and implemented in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study of this article is determined by the fact, that a large-scale reform of the practice of public procurement is continued in Russia due to the fact that in January 2014 entered into force a new Federal law dated on April 5, 2013 № 44-FZ “On the contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services for state and municipal needs”. The contract system plays an important system-forming role in Russian society. A free and mutually beneficial economic treaty remains one of the main institutions of the market. For this reason the order of the state and separate types of legal entities forms ecosystem, in which all Russian business develops and under which adapts. One of the fundamental principles of the state procurement policy is the principle of increasing efficiency. Currently the trend of the development of the informal relations, the insufficient level of quality meet the requirements of the society. The existing institutional model of public procurement management in Moscow does not fully ensure in practice the reproduction of the necessary economic and social effects, focusing on economic. The problems of poor quality of procurement management in Moscow require a deep study and evaluation of the necessary level of efficiency of tools to improve economic and social relations in the public sector. The purpose of this article is to develop proposals for improving the mechanism of public procurement. The authors of the article consider the possibility of using blockchain in public procurement. The use of this technology will reduce the time spent on the processing of documentation, reduce the degree of corruption in the process of public procurement, by creating reputational lists available to all participants in this process. In addition, the use of a smart contract allows to minimize the number of intermediaries in the conclusion of public contracts.

The Legal Framework for Foundations in the Habsburg Monarchy from 1750 to 1918

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Gabriele Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulation And Supervision ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Law

Foundations, as permanent funds established by a certain legal act, can serve manifold purposes, but often pursue charitable goals. As such, they play an important role for the public good. Therefore, states always had an interest in fostering foundations by providing a pertinent legal framework. In Austria, this topic has not yet been the focus of scholarship. Through this study some light is shed on the implementation of the law on foundations in the Habsburg Monarchy. It focuses on the role of the state and its legal system regarding the regulation and supervision of foundations from 1750 to 1918. This period is characterized by the sovereigns’ endeavor to regulate the position of foundations via extensive legislation. In particular, a system of oversight for foundations was created in order to guarantee the attainment of their charitable goals. In fact, this system prevailed until the end of the 20thcentury.

Combating corruption in customs authorities in the context of ensuring the efficiency of public governance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lipentsev ◽  
O. Voytyk ◽  
N. Maziy
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Wide Range

Problem setting. The system of public administration is a complex set of related elements and entities that interact with each other, so the manifestation of negative corruption minimizes the possibility of achieving positive results in the process of these communications. Special attention should be paid to the functioning of the customs system, which is an important part of the national economy of Ukraine. In this area, corruption abuses are extremely pronounced, given the peculiarities of the customs industry. This problem is acute and urgent, as its existence causes the progression of those negative phenomena that are currently present in the customs system of Ukraine and reduce the effectiveness of public administration in general.Recent research and publications analysis. The issue of corruption in the context of public administration is the subject of research by many scientists: V. Averyanov, O. Antonova, V. Bashtannyk, Y. Bytyak, I. Borodin, A. Vasyliev, I. Golosnichenko, E. Dodin, L. Koval, V. Kolpakov, A. Komzyuk, N. Lypovska, V. Olefir, O. Ostapenko, I. Pakhomov, O. Petrenko, S. Seryogin, I. Khozhylo, V. Shamray, H. Yarmaki etc. Given the wide range of researchers who study the specifics of corruption in the context of public administration, it is worth noting the significant gaps in the assessment of this issue from a sectoral perspective. In particular, it should be noted the great need to study corruption in customs and find ways to minimize this shameful phenomenon in modern conditions.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The need to analyze corruption processes in the customs authorities and substantiate offers for anti-corruption actions in the field of public administration led to the choice of the topic of the article.Paper main body. Corruption in the general sense can be defined as the illegal activity of persons called to perform the functions of the state, in the form of misuse of their powers in order to obtain benefits by increasing their material wealth, obtaining illegal services or benefits.Global trends indicate the presence of corruption in all countries, so this issue is a priority in solving all spheres of life, both developed and developing countries. In particular, public administration of European countries in the political, informational, institutional and legal context is aimed at combating corruption. To this end, there are such institutions common to EU countries as Greco, the Venice Commission, Olaf, Eurojust, Europol and others. At the interstate level, they coordinate and provide information and analytical support for anti-corruption measures, develop common legal standards in the form of community regulations.In the field of public administration, there is a sufficient legal resource on the basis of which it is possible to ensure anti-corruption policy in the state and, in particular, in the customs sphere. However, the customs system is characterized by a wide range of unresolved issues related to corruption abuses. Accordingly, there is a need to develop offers for overcoming and preventing corruption: development and implementation in the practice of customs authorities of methodological recommendations relating to their employees and aimed at resolving conflicts related to corruption; observance by customs officers of relevant ethical norms, which must harmonize with anti-corruption activities; effective application of responsibility to those guilty of corruption and comprehensive implementation of measures aimed at combating corruption; clear identification of those responsible for corruption in areas where there is a high risk of such abuses; regulation of procedures aimed at preventing corruption of customs officers in the performance of their official duties.Anti-corruption in customs authorities in the context of ensuring the effectiveness of public administration should include the implementation of the following measures: development of conceptual foundations of anti-corruption policy in the customs sphere; adopt a Code of Ethics for Customs Officers in accordance with the needs of anti-corruption policy; effective implementation of the principle of equality before the law in the context of reducing corruption; ensuring equal responsibility for corrupt actions not only for individuals but also for legal entities; ensure the absence of immunity from corrupt practices for officials, including senior executives; delimit the powers of bodies engaged in anti-corruption activities; to intensify the public to combat corruption; wide informing of the public about cases of corruption in customs bodies.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The problem of corruption in public authorities is a long-standing and painful issue in Ukraine. This problem is especially acute in the activities of customs authorities, as their activities are directly related to foreign economic activity, significant flows of goods and flows of financial resources across the customs border of the state. In turn, this is a direct threat to the country’s national security. Given the fact that Ukraine ranks relatively low in global rankings on the existence of corruption abuses, it is necessary to take decisive measures to reduce the manifestations of this phenomenon, in particular, in the customs authorities.

Patriotic education of staff penitentiary system in contemporary conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Алексей Михайлов ◽  
Aleksey Mikhaylov ◽  
Евгений Шишкин ◽  
Evgeniy Shishkin
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
Civil Responsibility ◽  
Patriotic Education

The article reveals the peculiarities of patriotic education of penitentiary staff in the conditions of reforming. Conceptual aspects of the term "patriotism" of its content and direction.As part of patriotic education is the development of Russian society of high social activity, civil responsibility, spirituality, formation of citizens with positive values and qualities that can manifest them in the creative process in the interests of the Motherland, strengthening the state, ensuring its vital interests and sustainable development.The goals of patriotic education of Russian citizens through more specific objectives, taking into account the specifics of subjects and objects of education, the environment in which it is carried out, the characteristics of their solutions in the economic, social, legal, political, cultural and other spheres. The content and focus of patriotism are determined, above all, spiritual and moral climate of society, its historical roots, feeding the public life of generations. The article also discloses the most meaningful actual directions of patriotic education of employees of the penitentiary system: the spiritual and moral, historical and regional studies, civil-patriotic, social, patriotic, military, patriotic, heroic and patriotic, sports and patriotic.

Civil Rights Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 516-534
Author(s):  
Mark Rush
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Negative Rights

This article discusses the evolution of U.S. civil rights and civil liberties through the lens of Supreme Court decisions. It traces the evolution of negative rights against the state and positive liberties from nineteenth-century property rights decisions through early-twenty-first century decisions regarding same-sex marriage. It also traces the shift in the Court’s approach to rights cases from one in which the state is regarded as a threat to individual rights to one in which the state plays a complex role of balancing rights claims. As well, the article demonstrates that rights claims and cases have become more complex as notions of the “public interest” become more contested when the pursuit of general interests has a disproportionate effect on the interests of particular social groups.

scholarly journals Institute of Oriental Languages (Lazarevsky Institute) in the works of the Soviet historian and orientalist A.P. Baziyants

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
Vladimir Rudolfovich Avetisyan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
First Person ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Comprehensive Manner ◽  
State Archives

The author of the paper examines the contribution of the Soviet historian-orientalist Ashot Patvakanovich Baziyants to the study of the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages. In the Soviet period, historians repeatedly touched upon this topic. However, they carried out the studies of the educational institution exclusively from certain aspects: financial and economic, pedagogical, educational, etc. The first person in historiography, who studied the subject in a comprehensive manner, was A.P. Baziyants. The result of his work was the writing of a number of works based on the study of a significant layer of archival materials from the state archives of the USSR. In his works he was one of the first to analyze the problems of Russian-Armenian relations on the example of an educational institution in the context of rapprochement of Russian and Armenian cultures, familiarizing Armenian youth with the advanced European culture and adaptation to Russian society. The historian touched on this topic in all his key works. Subsequently, all subsequent studies of the activities of the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages were based on the results of scientific works by A.P. Baziyants. In addition, the experience of the educational institution in the processes of adaptation of migrants to Russian society, disclosed in his works, at the present stage acquires a particular urgency.

scholarly journals Moscow students: Changes in value orientations

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
I. M. Ilyinsky ◽  
V. A. Lukov
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Circle ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
High Level

The article considers the stable ideas of the significant part of the Moscow students when assessing personal qualities typical for the Russian youth. The study presented in the report of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation in 2011 identified a high level of the youth’s criticism when assessing one’s generation and emphasizing its egoism and irresponsibility. In the surveys conducted in the Moscow University for Humanities in 2011-2019, a part of the same questionnaire was used to assess the qualities of the contemporary Russian youth, and the results were the same. In the ranking of such qualities in 2019, the first 10 positions were taken by laziness, selfishness, sociability, irresponsibility, aggressiveness, independence, indifference, optimism, naivety and cynicism, i.e. together with positive features there are qualities traditionally considered in the Russian society as unacceptable. The last 10 positions were taken by openness, kindness, pushfulness, initiative, greed, rationalism, responsibility, honesty, patriotism and conscientiousness. Thus, the highly appreciated by the society moral qualities are presented in the students’ estimates as not typical for the youth. The additional open questions clarifying the value orientations of students in terms of their estimates of such attitudes of people in the past, present and future showed that in older generations and one’s social circle the student youth appreciate the most the socially valued qualities and want their children in the future to have such. The ranking of such qualities starts with honesty, kindness, responsibility, purposefulness, openness, sociability, sincerity, responsiveness, punctuality and goodwill. The contradictions between the estimates of the youth qualities and the expected qualities of one’s social circle have been repeatedly confirmed at the empirical level. However, this is not a feature of the student youth but rather a result of the social anomie in the sphere of value orientations in the transition period. The authors believe that the transformation trend of students’ value orientations towards individualism is stable but not typical for the youth in general.

scholarly journals Problems of legal education in contemporary Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 12100
Author(s):  
Victor Linkin ◽  
Zinaida Lusegenova ◽  
Galina Pulenko
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Critical Attitude

The authors set a goal to analyze the problems of contemporary legal education in Russia in the presented research. The necessity of legal education in interdisciplinary and cross-sector interaction with other humanities are identified, and only when these connections are established, it is possible to get into inter-scientific relations. The most extreme issues of the activities of law faculties in various types of educational institutions - in departmental and multidisciplinary institutions were considered, using the example of the influence of various approaches to training future employees of the judiciary. The influence of the educational institution affiliation on the educational process and the issues of deployment the teaching staff are considered, the differences in teaching practical skills in these types of educational institutions are also demonstrated. The authors identified two types of problems - internal and external. Internal - the problems of the educational institutions themselves, external - the problems of implementing the educational policy of the state. Unfortunately, the authors state the unwillingness of the teachers themselves to change because of the rapidly modifying social relations. The absence of a critical attitude, first of all to oneself, causes a false illusion of normality and acceptability. Resulting from the analysis of the entity of the problems, the necessity of initiating changes from the educational institutions and teachers is understood, and not from the state.

scholarly journals Cultural Potential of the Social Structure of Russian Society: Definition of the Problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Arkadyi L. Marshak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Present State ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyses the present state of culture in Russia, its multilevel content. It shows the influence of different layers of society on the state and development of the present social structure. Based on perennial research data collected with participation of the author, sociocultural models of social relations and their influence on the cultural potential of the social structure are described. The article emphasizes the necessity of multilevel social research of the cultural potential of Russian society. The main directions of theoretical, methodological and empirical program of such research are formulated.

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