scholarly journals Desorption of phosphate from three Finnish mineral soil samples during adsorption of vanadate, molybdate and tungstate

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Mikkonen ◽  
Jouni Tummavuori
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Aqueous Chemistry ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Suspension Ph

Adsorption of V(V) and Mo(VI) from 10-4 M and 10-5 M solutions and W(VI) from a 10-4 M solution (in 0.02 M KCI) by three Finnish mineral soils was studied in two series of experiments. In the first experiment, the adsorption of V, Mo and W by soil and the desorption of P were measured at the soils’ natural pH after an equilibration time of 3, 5, 22, 29, 46 and 70 h. Adsorption of molybdate occurred mainly within the three first hours, whereas adsorption of vanadate and tungstate were slower processes. During the first few hours, the presence of molybdate seemed to increase the desorption of phosphate most effectively, but after a longer equilibration period, the differences between additions of V, Mo, and W became smaller. In the second experiment, the adsorption process was followed as a function of the acidity of the suspension (pH 2.3-7.5; for W pH 2.8-7.5). Adsorption of V(V), Mo(VI) or W(VI) resulted in a statistically significant increase in the amounts of P desorbed from all three soils over the pH range studied. The aqueous chemistry of V(V), Mo(VI) and W(VI) is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Príspevok k problematike určovania špecifickej hmotnosti subhorizontov opadu lesných pôd

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Jana Bútorová
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Elementary Unit ◽  
Final Density ◽  
International Laboratory ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract According to national and international laboratory methods, the density of soil samples is determined by pycnometer in heated samples crushed by ultrasound. In mineral soils, the elementary unit of density is represented by a mineral grain of quartz, granite, andesite, etc. On the other hand, in organic soils, the elementary unit is represented by a leaf (or just a part of it), needles, stems and roots. Heating of the mineral grain causes its release from the soil aggregate. Organic parts of the soil are losing air vacuoles by heat treatment while in the same time, carbohydrates, proteins, oils and resins create new chemicals which are heavier than water. That is a reason why density determination of litter subhorizons in forest soils needs to have different rules in comparison with mineral soil samples. Samples with more than 50 volume per cent of organic matter are not treated by heat and do not decompose. In case of high mineral soil content, mineral parts are removed from the sample and their density is determined. The final density is based on mathematically processed data.

scholarly journals Temperature dependence of phosphate sorption in mineral soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphate Sorption ◽  
Mineral Soils

The sorption of phosphate was studied in 33 mineral soil samples at the temperatures of +5°C and +20°C. The soils were equilibrated for 2 days with a solution containing phosphate 0.1 mmol/l at an ionic strength of 0.01. At +5°C, the sorption remained unchanged or increased slightly as compared to the sorption at +20°C. The differences between sorbed amounts ranged from —0.03 to 0.29 mmol/kg soil and were statistically significant in 11 samples.

Evaluation of Metal Contents in Correlation with Phytosanitary Treatments at Vineyard

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293
Author(s):  
Oana Mihai ◽  
Octav Pantea ◽  
Daniela Roxana Popovici ◽  
Catalina Gabriela Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Short Time

The present work aims with the evaluation of copper, manganese and zinc concentrations (mobile forms) from vineyard soil before and after phytosanitary treatment with Curzate Manox and Dithane M-45 compounds, during and after remanence period. Different vineyard soils types were collected at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method was used for measurements of the micronutrients. The soil samples were analyzed after 5 and 21 days after treatment application. Since copper is mainly accumulates in the upper layer following fungicidal sprays application, high levels of copper concentrations are obtained. The soil samples exhibits different behavior in terms of manganese and zinc contents. Manganese and zinc levels are classified as medium in the beginning of the experiment (Mn-M0 and Zn-M0), whereas these levels increased in the soil samples (at moments M1- 5 days and M2- 21 days after treatment). This behavior can be due to the Mancozeb decomposition, knowing that Mancozeb decomposes in the pH range 5-9 and it remains short time into the soil.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Adsorption of Aniline from Aqueous Solution Using H-Beta Zeolites and Copper-Exchanged Beta Zeolites

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O'Brien ◽  
T. Curtin ◽  
T.F. O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Zeolite Beta ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Beta Zeolite ◽  
Copper Leaching ◽  
Beta Zeolites ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Adsorbent Materials

Zeolite beta, a large-pore zeolite, was investigated in this study with a view to examining it as a potential adsorbent for the removal of aniline from aqueous solutions. Two different metal-loaded zeolites were prepared by exchanging H-beta zeolite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 75:1) with copper. The influence of exchanged copper on the uptake level was assessed. The effect of varying the silica-to-alumina ratio of the H-beta zeolite on the aniline uptake level was also examined, using three different H-beta zeolites with ratios of 25:1, 75:1 and 150:1 as adsorbents. The sorption experiments indicated an uptake level of ca. 110–120 mg/g for each zeolite and this level was also adsorbed by the copper-modified H-beta zeolites (SiO2/Al2O3 = 75:1). In all cases, the adsorption process followed the Langmuir model for adsorption and the level of aniline adsorbed was largely unaffected by a change in temperature or the presence of extra framework copper. The stability of the exchanged copper on these zeolites was then examined by measuring the quantity of copper leached from each zeolite into solution as a function of pH. Minimum copper leaching was observed in the pH range 5–11. This provided a stable pH working range for the adsorbent materials.

scholarly journals Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils in South Savo province

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. MÄNTYLAHTI ◽  
P. LAAKSO
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Target Values

Increasing concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals in agricultural soils are becoming a growing problem in industrialized countries. These harmful elements represent the basis of a range of problems in the food chain, and are a potential hazard for animal and human health. It is therefore important to gauge their absolute and relative concentrations in soils that are used for crop production. In this study the arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in 274 mineral soil samples and 38 organogenic soil samples taken from South Savo province in 2000 were determined using the aqua regia extraction technique. The soil samples were collected from 23 farms.The elements analyzed were arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc. The median concentrations in the mineral soils were:As 2.90 mg kg –1, Cd 0.084 mg kg –1, Cr 17.0 mg kg –1, Cu 13.0 mg kg –1, Hg 0.060 mg kg –1, Ni 5.4 mg kg –1, Pb 7.7 mg kg –1, Zn 36.5 mg kg –1. The corresponding values in the organogenic soils were:As 2.80 mg kg –1, Cd 0.265 mg kg –1, Cr 15.0 mg kg –1, Cu 29.0 mg kg –1, Hg 0.200 mg kg –1, Ni 5.9 mg kg –1, Pb 11.0 mg kg –1, Zn 25.5 mg kg –1. The results indicated that cadmium and mercury concentrations in the mineral and organogenic soils differed. Some of the arsenic, cadmium and mercury concentrations exceeded the normative values but did not exceed limit values. Most of the agricultural fields in South Savo province contained only small amounts of arsenic and heavy metals and could be classified as “Clean Soil”. A draft for the target values of arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in “Clean Soil” is presented.;

scholarly journals Zeolites as alcohol adsorbents from aqueous solutions

2006 ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blagica Cekova ◽  
Dragi Kocev ◽  
Elena Kolcakovska ◽  
Daniela Stojanova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Aqueous Acetone ◽  
Heats Of Adsorption ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Low Costs

The potential usage of zeolites as adsorbents for the removal of organic molecules from water was investigated in a series of experiments with aqueous solutions of lower alcohols. This could represent a simple solution to the problem of cleaning up industrial wastewater as well as recovering valuable chemicals at relatively low costs. Adsorption isotherms of the Langmuir type were applied, and calculations showed that the amount of propanol adsorbed on silicalite corresponded to approximately 70% of the pore volume. The adsorption process is simple, and recovery of the more concentrated products is easily done by heat treatment and/or at lowered pressures. Adsorption experiments with aqueous acetone showed that silicalite had approximately the same adsorption capacity for acetone as for n-propanol. Heats of adsorption were determined calorimetrically.

scholarly journals Sulphur status in Finnish cultivated soils

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-215
Author(s):  
Johan Korkman
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Sulphur Uptake ◽  
Cultivated Soils

A method for determining total sulphur in plant material and soil samples using the induction furnace technique and subsequent turbidimetric determination of sulphate sulphur was discussed. A procedure for extracting sulphur from soil samples with ammonium acetate (pH 4.65), the interference of the organic matter being reduced by oxidation of the extract with H2O2, was proposed. Sulphur balance in Finnish cultivated soils was estimated by taking into account the average amounts of emitted (8 kg S/ha/yr.), precipitated (8 kg S/ha/yr.) and leached (8 kg S/ha/yr.) sulphur. The actual situation in the cultivated soils seems thus to be depending, on an average, on the uptake by plants and the sulphur applied (12 kg S/ha/yr. in the early 1970s). In 104 samples of cultivated soil, the content of total sulphur showed a slight correlation with the content of organic carbon. The amounts of sulphur extracted in various ways were not predictable by means of the soil characteristics used (pHCaCl2, org. C and texture). Extracted sulphur did not correlate sufficiently with the development and sulphur uptake of plants. Under field conditions in northern Finland, sulphur application produced a relatively distinct result in respect both to the ley yields on Carex peat, and their sulphur content. On mineral soils in southern Finland the yields were unaffected by supplementary fertilization with sulphur. In the pot experiments performed a fairly close relationship between sulphur and nitrogen was demonstrated.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE SOILS FROM THE TIDAL FLAT AREAS OF MUSI BANYUASIN, SOUTH SUMATRA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Prasetyo ◽  
S. Suping ◽  
Subagyo H. ◽  
Mujiono Mujiono ◽  
H. Suhardjo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Very High

Tidal flats in the Musi Banyuasin region that cover more than 200,000 ha are the largest area for agricultural development in South Sumatra Province. Only about a half of this has been used for tidal swamp rice fields, therefore, the other half needs to be developed. To obtain a better understanding of their properties for appropriate soil management, soil characteristics of the area need to be studied. To characterize the soil, thirty-four soil samples from seven soil profiles were analyzed for their chemical and mineralogical composition at the laboratories of the Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development. The results indicate that soils from the tidal flat areas have an aquic soil moisture regime, the upper parts of the soils are mostly ripe, and most of the pedons show the presence of sulfidic materials below 65 cm of the mineral soil surface. The soils are classified as Sulfic Endoaquept (P1, P2), Histic Sulfaquent (P3), Typic Sulfaquept (P4), Fluvaquentic Endoaquept (P5), and Sulfic Hydraquent (P6, P7). Mineral composition of the sand fraction is dominated by quartz, while the clay minerals consist of predominantly kaolinite, mixed with small amount of smectite, illite, quartz, and crystoballite. Organic carbon content is high to very high, potential phosphate content of most pedons ranges from very low to medium, while potential potassium content varies from very low to medium in the upper layers and medium to very high in the bottom layers. Phosphate retention of topsoil sample varies from 56 to 97%, and is positively correlated (r2 = 0.73) with aluminum from amorphous materials. Exchangeable cations are dominated by Mg cation, and in all pedons cation exchange capacity values are medium to very high, and seem to be influenced by organic carbon. Specific chemical properties, particularly soil pH and content of exchangeable aluminum exhibit a significant change about 1-2 months after soil samples were taken from the field. Theoretically, interaction between good water management and fertilizer application are among the choices of management to make these soils productive.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vitro antagonistic activity of fungi from peatlands against Ganoderma species under acidic condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPRIYANTO ◽  
PURWANTO ◽  
S.H. POROMARTO ◽  
SUPYANI
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Antagonistic Fungi ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Biological Methods

Abstract. Supriyanto, Purwanto, Poromarto SH, Supyani. 2020. Evaluation of in vitro antagonistic activity of fungi from peatlands against Ganoderma species under acidic conditions. Biodiversitas 21: 2935-2945. The use of peatlands is a significant contributor to the world’s palm oil production. A serious problem of oil palm plantations in peatlands is the high incidence of basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma, which has a higher attack rate than on mineral soils. There is no effective way to control Ganoderma in peatlands. At present, the effort for the same focuses on environment-friendly biological methods; however, this is constrained by the unavailability of appropriate biological agents for peatlands. The development of biological control agents for peatlands is hampered by limited data on biological control of Ganoderma in peatlands. This research was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antagonistic activity of fungi isolated from a peatland in acidic pH conditions. Twenty-seven Ganoderma-antagonistic fungi from peatland were evaluated for their activity and their ability to antagonism in vitro within a pH range of 2-7. The results show that most antagonistic fungi from peatland, based on biomass weight, the sporulation ability, and germination of conidium, were able to grow optimally at pH 3.0-4.0, indicating that most of the Ganoderma-antagonistic fungi from peatland can be used as biological control agents for BSR on oil palms in peatlands.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EPIDERMAL LAYER OF CARROT ROOTS GROWN ON PEAT AND MINERAL SOIL

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
E. W. CHIPMAN ◽  
F. R. FORSYTH
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Mineral Soils

The epidermal layer of carrot roots grown on peat soil contained more ascorbic acid and less phenols, carotene, reducing sugars, and dry matter than those from a mineral soil. The increased level of phenol and the decreased level of the anti-oxidant ascorbic acid are the likely contributing causes of the increased browning of carrots in mineral soils relative to peat soils.

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