Development of the Potential for the Cheap Explosives in Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
S.D. Viktorov ◽  
◽  
A.E. Frantov ◽  
I.N. Lapikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Secondary Aluminum ◽  
Technical Literature

The most accessible and popular means of destruction of rocks, which are used in the extraction of ores, non-metallic minerals, mining and chemical raw materials, are the cheap explosives, in the Russian technical literature called granulites or AS-DT, in the foreign — ANFO. The article presents the research carried out to improve the formulation and explosive properties of granulites A6, Igdanit, Igdanit-P, A3. They are aimed at using the modern raw material base, increasing the efficiency of blasting, the safety of manufacturing and loading drill holes and boreholes, maintaining a balanced composition, and preserving physical stability, providing energy potential with secondary aluminum additives. Further development of granulites is aimed at creating a line of formulations using saltpeter with variable technical parameters, mixed fuels in the form of liquid (waste oil products, fuel mixtures, diesel fuel) and solid (coal powder, coke fines, rubber crumbs) phases. Based on the use of the cheap explosives in the formulation of recycling materials formed at the mining enterprises, blasting technologies are being improved, and mixing and charging equipment is being developed. The proposed approaches are aimed at maintaining high technical and economic indicators of the use of explosives, ensuring the stationarity of the explosive process and the completeness of detonation of granulites reducing the sensitivity to mechanical and thermal influences, and maintaining susceptibility to initiation by practical means of an explosive pulse. When compiling the new formulations of granulites to reduce production costs, it is proposed to use the most economical types of oxidants and fuels with ensuring quality control of mixing components with different technological properties and conditioning the temperature-viscosity properties of the waste oil products.

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

Adjustment of a technology of cast iron smelting in the blast furnace of jsc "ural steel" w ith a volume of 1232 см3 with charge h a v in g 95% share of Mikhailovskii GOK pellets

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-775
Author(s):  
I. F. Iskakov ◽  
G. A. Kunitsyn ◽  
D. V. Lazarev ◽  
А. А. Red`kin ◽  
S. A. Trubitsyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Iron Smelting ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
A Charge

To use effectively internal raw material base, JSC “Ural Steel” accomplished I category major overhaul of the blast furnace No. 2. The main purpose of the overhaul was to design a rational profile which could ensure an ability to operate with a charge containing 95 % of Mikhailovskii GOK (mining and concentrating plant) pellets having basicity of 0.5 by CaO/SiO2. The blast furnace No. 2 having useful volume of 1232 m3, was constructed by design of Danieli Corus, the Netherlands, and was blown in on December 30, 2020. In the process of guarantee tests, step-by-step increase of Mikhailovskii GOK pellets (Fetotal = 60.5 %, CaO/SiO2 = 0.5) content in the charge iron ore part was being accomplished from 55 to 95.1%. Charging of the blend containing pellets in the amount of 55% of iron ore part, was done by charging system 4OOCC + 1COOCC (Ore - Coke) with filling level 1.5 m. Under conditions of pellets part increase in the blend, the charging system was changed to decrease their content at the periphery, to increase it in the ore ridge zone and make it intermediate between periphery and the ore ridge. At the pellets share in the iron ore raw materials 0.75 the charging system was used as the following: 3OOCC + 1COOC + 1COOCC, while at the content 95.1% the following charging system was used: 2COOC + 2COOC + 1COOCC. It was noted that in the period of guarantee tests the furnace running was smooth. The average silicon content in the hot metal was 0.70% at the standard deviation 0.666. Sulfur content in the hot metal did not exceed 0.024%, the blowing and natural gas consumption figures were 2100 m3/min and 11000 m3/min correspondently, oxygen content in the blowing 26.5%, hot blowing and top smoke pressure figures were 226.5 and 109.8 KPa correspondently. The productivity of the furnace was reached as high as 2358 t/day at the specific coke rate 433 kg/t of hot metal. After guarantee tests completion, the pellets content in the iron ore part was decreased gradually from 95 down to 50%. The decreasing was made by 5% in every 6 hours of operation. Application of the mastered technology of the blast furnace No. 2 with the increased share of pellets will enable to stably supply the blast furnaces No. 1, 3 and 4 by iron ore raw materials in the proportion of 30-35% of pellets and 65-70% of sinter.

Serpentinite Magnesium Binders, Based on Technogenic Raw Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 1050-1054
Author(s):  
V.N. Zyryanova ◽  
E.V. Lytkina ◽  
A.P. Ochur-Ool
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Dispersed System ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

Increasing water resistance and mechanical strength of hardening magnesian binders’ products can be achieved by introducing microfillings into a hardening dispersed system. It is shown that serpentine provides an increase strength and water resistance in hydration and hardening process, being as a structure-forming component, it intensifies this process. It allows expanding the raw material base for the production of magnesia binders for construction purposes.

Technological aspects of alcohol distillates production from non-traditional sugar-raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Kateryna Danilova ◽  
◽  
Oksana Zavarzina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

An actual problem of the alcohol industry development is the expansion of the raw material base through the use of new, cheaper types of carbohydrate sources. Recently, glucose-fructose syrup has been of increasing interest to producers of ethanol. Among the producers of craft drinks, in particular rum-based drinks, cane molasses is in increasing demand. The article presents the technological aspects of the fermentation process of nonconventional sugar-containing raw materials on the example of glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses in ethanol by different yeast strains. It is determined that glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses are raw materials depleted of nitrogen, phosphorus and growth substances necessary for the yeast activity. To improve the technological properties of raw materials in the molasses, nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition and corn extract as a growth substance shall be added to a mash. Glucose-fructose syrup is of pH 3.68 and of acidity 0.12, which negatively affects the fermentation. It is established that in order to create optimal living conditions for yeast, it is necessary to add substances to the glucose-fructose syrup that will contribute to the safety of development and prevent the pH 3.5. It was determined that the alcohol yield from 1 ton of glucose-fructose syrup is 31.0 dal, from 1 ton of cane molasses is 24.0 dal on the yeast 46ED and 22 dal on the TegaYeast without the use of growth substances and vitamins necessary for the reproduction of yeast biomass. Under conditions of improving the technological properties of the mash from the glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses by adding biologically active substances promoting the synthesis of yeast biomass, the ethanol content in the fermented mashes increases up to 11.9 12% vol.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Polyphenol Profiles of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Thymus rasitatus Klokov and Thymus eremita Klokov

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ivasenko ◽  
Ainur Zhumabekova ◽  
Agnieszka Ludwiczuk ◽  
Krystyna Skalicka–Wozniak ◽  
Alexandr Marchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

BACKGROUND: A possible reduction in stocks of medicinal plant raw materials of Thymus serpyllum L. and Thymus vulgaris L. leads to the need to expand the raw material base of the official medicinal plants with using of endemic species of the flora of Kazakhstan, in particular, Thymus rasitatus Klokov, and Thymus eremita Klokov. AIM: The aim of the study was to study the possibility of using 70% ethanol extracts of T. rasitatus and T. eremita as antimicrobial agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aerial parts of T. rasitatus and T. eremita were extracted with 70% ethanol using ultrasound assisted extraction. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the 70% ethanol extracts were determined using the liquid chromatography-detection-ESI-mass spectrometry-(MS)/MS technique. The study of the antimicrobial activity of these extracts was performed for eight strains of Gram-positive bacteria, six strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and four cultures of fungi. RESULTS: Chromatographic analysis of hydroalcoholic extracts of both investigated Thymus species showed very similar phenolic compounds composition. In both cases, the major components are luteolin-7-O-glucoside and rosmarinic acid. About 70% ethanol extracts of T. rasitatus and T. eremita have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, exhibit the bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against all tested bacteria and fungi at concentration range of 0.0195–20 mg/ml, but differ in their potency against tested strains of microorganisms. CONCLUSION: About 70% ethanol extracts of T. rasitatus and T. eremita, endemic plants in the flora of Kazakhstan, can be considered as potential drugs with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The results of chromatographic analysis could be used for drug standardization.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Fundamentals and Technical Solutions for Recovery of Non-ferrous and Rare Metals from Industrial Wastes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Kozlov ◽  
A.M. Panshin ◽  
L.I. Leontiev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Waelz Process ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for zinc and a range of zinc-related metals (for example: lead; indium; tin; cadmium; and copper) in the Russian Federation cannot be satisfied by the existing production plants due to the lack of raw materials. At the same time, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy and the chemical industry have accumulated hundreds of millions of tons of zinc wastes (falling into the hazard categories 2 to 4), the processing of which could not only make up the raw material base, but also improve the environmental situation. In the world, over 85% of ferrous dust is recycled using the Waelz process. The Waeltz process is used for distilling separation of elements under reducing conditions. In this study, a block diagram for production of the following elements from industrial wastes is proposed: zinc, cadmium and indium in form of massive metals; zinc and indium in the form of fine powders; and clinker as a raw material for cement production. The technical and scientific details of this new process have been patented in the Russian Federation and abroad. For the first time, the following operations have been implemented with the use of large-sized Waelz kilns: vapour-oxidized Waeltz treatment of polymetallic wastes; recycling of heat from gases and solid products with generation of process fumes; and implementation of alternative flux (dolomite) and alternative fuel (petroleum coke). Keywords: Waelz process, industrial wastes, heat recycling, vapour-oxidized Waelz processing

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL BUILDING STONE- LIMESTONE IN THE REPUBLIC SRPSKA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Majstorović ◽  
Vladimir Malbašić ◽  
Miodrag Čelebić
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production ◽  
Republika Srpska

Curent situation of raw material base and study of limestone like construction stone deposits in the Republic of Serbian were relatively poorly considered during the last decades, and the main problems are the following: low production capacity fragmentation of production, needs for raw materials homogenization and delivering of standard quality, undeveloped market, the recession of the domestic economy and the economies in the region, the relatively low level of exploration by many deposits, especially lack of knowledge of the occurrence legality for certain types and quality of raw materials and lack of complete quality indicators for raw material, which sometimes causes the utilization of only the highest quality deposit parts.This paper provides an overview of active quarries in the Republic Srpska with exploitation of limestone like technical building stone and present an attempt to determine the basic quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the raw material and the current working conditions at these quarries. The purpose of such a review would be in an effort to create a clearer picture about production, market, social and other aspects of the limestone exploitation in the Republika Srpska and the realistic possibilities of maintaining and developing of these mineral resources utilization, which can certainlybe interesting for the development of many other industries in the Republic Srpska.

scholarly journals Construction sands of Podillya: patterns of distribution, resources and use

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-519
Author(s):  
M. Syvyj ◽  
B. Gavrychok
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Apparent Correlation ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Further Development

This article presents the characteristics of the resource base of building sands within the three Podillya regions, the patterns of sands distribution, and proposals for increasing the extraction of raw materials . The construction sands of Podillya are confined to the Upper Cretaceous, Neogene and Anthropogenicdeposits. The decrease of the thickness of the sandy strata of the Opilsk Neogene suite in the eastern direction was observed with the simultaneous increase in the thickness of the overlapping strata of the rocks. There is no apparent correlation between the thickness of sandy interlayers and the quality of sands. The interdependence of the chemical composition of Neogene sands and the sand size module is established.The genetic predisposition for the distribution of building sands in different parts of the Podillya territory has been established. Four groups of sand deposits of different age have been identified within the Podillya regions, which contrast sharply with single deposits in the neighbouring territories.There is a very uneven distribution of explored reserves of sandy raw materials across the region and accordingly in the provision of construction sands in the different oblasts /regions of Podillya. The areas best provided with sandy raw materials are the central districts of Ternopil region and Slavutsky district of Khmelnytsky region . Sands of the Baltic stage distributed in Vinnytsia region are mostly poor in quality, clogged with clay material and require enrichment. The further development of the mineral raw material base and the prospects for increasing the production of construction sand in the Podillya regions is associated with the increase in production at the prepared deposits, the commissioning of reserve deposits, the conducting of prospecting and exploration work in the proposed potentially exploitable areas and additional exploration of individual deposits that are exploited. The research allows us to evaluate objectively the existing base of sand raw materials for various purposes in the Podillya region and to develop on this basis measures to increase it. The importance of the study is determined by the acute shortage of the raw material in most administrative districts of Khmelnytsky and Vinnytsia regions, by the growth in the volume of construction work (and accordingly the requirements for sandy raw materials) both in Podillya and in the country.

scholarly journals Industrial characteristics of Berberis L. representatives fruits

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Lykholat ◽  
N. O. Khromykh ◽  
T. Yu. Lykholat ◽  
M. I. Nedzvetska ◽  
O. A. Lykholat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Fruit Plants ◽  
Seed Propagation

The introduction of fruit plants into a culture enriches the diversity of the species composition of the regional flora and at the same time creates an opportunity for expansion of the plant raw material base for the needs of the food industry, inclusion in a full-fledged functional nutrition of the population. Among the fruit plants of the Dniprovsk region, every year, more attention should be paid to introduced low-frequency non-traditional fruit species, in which the fruits, leaves, stems and other parts have high nutritional value and are the source of physiologically active compounds that have anti-cancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, carry cardio protective, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic effects, stimulate the central nervous system, etc., and can contribute to the prevention and treatment of many diseases.   Antioxidants additives in the raw materials and finished products ensures their prevention damage, reduce losses, increase shelf life and production of high quality products which keep for a long time characteristics inherent fresh, complete products. Preservation, restoration and introduction to the culture of any species depends primarily on its ability to multiply seed and vegetative methods. A comparative analysis of the fruit and seed ability of Berberis L. representatives grown in the botanical garden of Oles Gonchar’  Dniprovsky National University was carried out. The use of integrated research methods made it possible to carry out an integrated assessment of the regenerative capacity of the investigated representatives of the Berberis L. and to establish their biological ability to seed propagation depending on the seed quality of the seeds. The seeds length varied from 4.5 mm (B. canadensis) to 5.2 mm (B. declinata, B. amurensis), width was from 1.8 mm (B. amurensis, B. vulgares) to 2.1 mm ( B. coreana). The weight of 1000 seeds, which, depending on their size and completeness, amounted to an average of 10.16 grams. Largest weight 1000 pcs. seed is marked in B. coreana. As a result of the total antioxidant ability of the fruits, the species examined can be arranged in the following order:  B. koreana > B. x declinata > B. vulgaris > B. amurensis > B. canadensis. When comparing total antioxidant capacity level of the plants, the highest indices were characteristic for B. koreana and B. x declinata fruits, which exceeded the values of other species in 1.7-1.9 times. The relatively low antioxidants concentration in B. amurensis fruits is offset by a greater weight of the fruits of this species.  In order to enrich the range of ornamental and fruit plants, it is expedient to introduce into production of new crops and to expand the species diversity of Berberis L. representatives. Barberry reproduction process depends on many factors related to the environment. All investigated representatives of the Berberis L. are promising for further use in the planting system and as fruit plants that can be included in the functional nutrition of the population and use in the food industry in the conditions of the Steppe Prydniprovya.

scholarly journals Improving the efficiency of leaching of metals from ore raw materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
V.I. Lyashenko ◽  
F.F. Topolnyi ◽  
G.D. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Industrial Buildings

Purpose. Improving the efficiency of leaching of metals from ore raw materials by justifying the parameters of underground mining and the introduction of integrated technology in combination with geotechnology, ensuring the rational use, protection of the subsurface and the environment during the development of reserves by combined geotechnological methods. Metology. The methods of generalization, analysis and evaluation of practical experience and scientific achievements in the field of geotechnology, theory and practice of explosive destruction of solid media, continuum mechanics, mathematical statistics, as well as research techniques of wave processes according to standard and new techniques of the leading experts of the world's advanced mining countries are described. Findings. The factors determining the leaching efficiency of metal ores, environmental and seismic safety are established and the parameters of the explosion are justified taking into account the size of an average linear piece of exploded ore mass, the area of an emanating surface and the seismic safety of protected objects (industrial buildings, residential buildings, the Ingul river underflow, Kropivnitsky, etc.). Originality. Recommended empirical dependence for the prediction of the oscillation speed on the reduced mass of charge per deceleration step in the explosive preparation of ore for underground leaching of metals for the field conditions of the form y = a ∙ b also the value of the permissible displacement rate of the soil at the base of the protected objects = 0.4 cm / s. Practical value. When non-conforming ores of deposits are involved in the production, their raw material base at operating mines can be increased 1.4–1.6 times. Keywords: mining technology, underground mining, metal leaching, environmental safety, efficiency.

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