scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts against Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Richard Kagia ◽  
Carolyne Chepkirui ◽  
Michael Walekhwa ◽  
Teresa Ogeto ◽  
Titus Suge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Antibiotic Agents

Pneumococcal diseases (PD) constitute a major threat to the global public health stability especially in the developing world. The risk is greater for children under 5 years, the elderly and persons living with compromised immune systems. Antibiotic agents, conjugate as well as polysaccharide vaccines have been available for several decades and have saved many lives. However, the burden of PD has consistently remained high resulting in poor quality of life and strained economic tenets. Constant resistance to available antibiotic agents and low access to vaccines constitute major setbacks to efforts meant to scale down the burden of PD. The need to explore more viable and promising options is not only urgent but also untenable. We profiled the pharmacological credentials of Moringa oleifera extracts as a possible efficacious alternative to conventional prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.  Methanol and ethanol extracts of air-dried leaves of Moringa oleifera plant were subjected to phytochemical screening to identify the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phyto-sterols, oils, and fats. A working solution of the two extracts was prepared by dissolving 20 mg & 40 mg of the extracts in 1ml of 99.9% dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. Sterilized 6 mm blank discs were loaded with 20ul of the final extract concentrations and incubated at 45 ºC for 20 hours. Dimethyl sulfoxide (100% DMSO) impregnated discs and 30 mcg ceftriaxone antibiotics were used as negative and positive controls respectively. Colon morphology on gentamicin blood agar (GBA) and blood agar (BA), gram staining and optochin assay were leveraged to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae. Disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar was used to evaluate sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the subject extracts. Methanol and ethanol extracts were found to contain carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, fixed oils, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides. Both extracts were found to contain flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Ethanol & methanol extracts had lower anti-bacterial activity as compared to the 30 mcg positive control. Further exploration to reveal the anti-bacterial activity of aqueous based extracts on Streptococcus pneumoniae is strongly recommended

Anti-Bacterial from Moringa oleifera Lamk Crude Extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 1060 ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
Perayot Pamonsinlapatham
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method

Moringa oleiferaLamk (Moringaceae) is a worldwide use for food and traditional medicine. In this study, plants were separated into seven parts: 1) Leaf, 2) Drum, 3) Branching, 4) Seed, 5) Outer stem, 6) Stem bark, and 7) Root, respectively. Then, they were extracted by two different methods: methanol soxhlet extraction and ethanol maceration. All crude extracts were tested for anti-bacterial activity by agar diffusion method and colorimetric micro-dilution plate technique. The results showed that 7 parts of Moringa crude extracts had low anti-bacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, andPseudomonas aeruginosawhen compared with standard antibiotic (ampicillin or gentamycin). In conclusion, anti-bacterial effects ofM. oleiferacrude extracts had low anti-bacterial activityin vitrotest.

scholarly journals Microbiological Assessment of Moringa Oleifera Extracts and Its Incorporation in Novel Dental Remedies against Some Oral Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Elgamily ◽  
Amani Moussa ◽  
Asmaa Elboraey ◽  
Hoda EL-Sayed ◽  
Marwa Al-Moghazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Different Parts

AIM: To assess the antibacterial and antifungal potentials of different parts of Moringa oleifera plant using different extraction methods in attempts to formulate natural dental remedies from this plant.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three solvents extracts (Ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate) of different parts of Egyptian Moringa tree were prepared and tested against oral pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans using disc diffusion method; As well as to incorporate the plant extract to formulate experimental toothpaste and mouthwash.  The two dental remedies  were assessed against the same microbial strains. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA test to compare the inhibition zone diameter and t-test.RESULTS: Ethanol  extracts  as well as leaves extracts demonstrated the highest significant mean inhibition zone values (P ≤ 0.05) against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans growth. However, all extracts revealed no inhibition zone against Candida albicans. For dental remedies, experimental toothpaste exhibited higher mean inhibition than the mouthwash against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and only the toothpaste revealed antifungal effect against Candida albicans.CONCLUSION: The different extracts of different parts of Moringa showed an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans growth. The novel toothpaste of ethanolic leaves extract has antimicrobial and antifungal potential effects all selected strains.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance profile and multidrug resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected of pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekele Sharew ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Gizachew Yismaw ◽  
Wondwossen Abebe ◽  
Surafal Fentaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background Antimicrobial-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae have become one of the greatest challenges to global public health today and inappropriate use of antibiotics and high level of antibiotic use is probably the main factor driving the emergence of resistance worldwide. The aim of this study is, therefore, to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles and multidrug resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected of pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based prospective study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 at Addis Ababa city and Amhara National Region State Referral Hospitals. Antimicrobial resistance tests were performed from isolates of S. pneumoniae that were collected from pediatric and adult patients. Samples (cerebrospinal fluid, blood, sputum, eye discharge, ear discharge, and pleural and peritoneal fluids) from all collection sites were initially cultured on 5% sheep blood agar plates and incubated overnight at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified and confirmed by typical colony morphology, alpha-hemolysis, Gram staining, optochin susceptibility, and bile solubility test. Drug resistance testing was performed using the E-test method according to recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results Of the 57 isolates, 17.5% were fully resistant to penicillin. The corresponding value for both cefotaxime and ceftriaxone was 1.8%. Resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 59.6%, 17.5%, 38.6%, 17.5 and 24.6%, respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 33.3% isolates. The most common pattern was co-resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline. Conclusions Most S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Penicillin has been used as a drug of choice for treating S. pneumoniae infection. However, antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance was observed to several commonly used antibiotics including penicillin. Hence, it is important to periodically monitor the antimicrobial resistance patterns to select empirical treatments for better management of pneumococcal infection.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Air dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera LAM)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Rizkayanti Rizkayanti ◽  
Anang Wahid M. Diah ◽  
Minarni Rama Jura
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Antioxidant Potency ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa (moringa oleifera Lam) leaves contains many molecules as inhibitors for free radicals such as phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, quinones, coumarins, lignans, stilbenes, tannins), nitrogen compounds (alkaloids, amines, betalain), vitamins, terpenoids (including carotenoids), and several other endogenous metabolites as antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant potency of water and ethanol extracts of moringa (moringa oleifera Lam) leave obtained by maceration and dekok. The concentration of free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer after addition of various concentrations of Moringa leaves extracts. Various concentrations of moringa leave extracts used were 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm and 80 ppm. Vitamin C solutions as the positive control were prepared on similar various concentrations. The negative control was prepared using DPPH solutions dissolved in absolute ethanol. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of moringa leaves prepared by maceration method showed the antioxidant potency with an IC50 value of 22.1818 ppm, but the IC50 value of water extract of moringa leaves prepared by dekok was 57.5439 ppm. While, the IC50 value of Vitamin C was 8.8084 ppm. Based on the IC50 data it can be concluded that Vitamin C is a stronger antioxidant than moringa leaves extracts.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. LEAVES AND SEEDS EXTRACT ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
Garga M. A. ◽  
Manga S. B. ◽  
Rabah A.B. ◽  
Tahir H. ◽  
Abdullahi M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect and identify the phytochemical constituents of Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds extract on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) clinical isolates using agar well diffusion method. The samples were collected from the premises of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The Seeds and Leaves were collected fresh. They were extracted using methanol and ethyl acetate. Various concentrations from 100mg/ml to 500mg/ml were prepared. The test bacteria used is Staphylococcus aureus obtained from Microbiology laboratory of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University. The bacteria were re-identified using biochemical tests. The bacterial inoculums were standardized to McFarland scale 0.5. Zone of inhibition were read after 24 hours of incubation at 370C.The results of the antibacterial study revealed that the methanolic leaves extracts at 500 mg/ml had effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 20mm. The methanolic seed extract have effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 19.5mm. The MIC for the leave and seed extracts for Staphylococcus aureus was 250mg/ml. The MBC was 500mg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoid, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, volatile oil, saponin glycosides, and glycosides but anthraquinone and steroids were absent in the extracts. The zones of inhibition showed that both the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts at 500mg/ml were active to all the tested bacteria. ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Mean Range test was used to analyze the data. Based on Duncan’s grouping, there is significant difference between the solvents and the concentrations used.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance profile and multidrug resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected for pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEKELE SHAREW ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Gizachew Yismaw ◽  
Wondiwossen Abebe ◽  
Surafal Fentaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Backgrounds: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and pneumoniae in elderly people and children. Antimicrobial resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been detected in all parts of the world and become one of the greatest challenges to global public health today. The aim of this study is therefore, to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles and multidrug resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected for pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted from 2018 to 2019 at Addis Ababa and Amhara region referral hospitals. Antimicrobial resistance tests were performed on 57 isolates of S. pneumoniae that were collected from pediatric and adult patients. Samples (cerebrospinal fluid, blood, sputum, eye discharge, ear discharge, pleural and peritoneal fluids) from all collection sites were initially cultured onto 5 % sheep blood agar plates and incubated overnight at 370C in 5% CO2 atmosphere. S. pneumoniae was identified and confirmed by typical colony morphology, alpha-hemolysis, Gram staining, optochin susceptibility and bile solubility test. Drug resistance testing was performed using E-test method according to recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results: Of the 57 isolates, 17.5% were fully resistant to penicillin. Corresponding value for both cefotaxime and ceftriaxone was 1.8%. Resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 59.6%, 17.5%, 38.6%, 17.5% and 24.6%, respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 33.3% isolates. The most common pattern was co-resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline.Conclusions: Most bacterial isolates were susceptible to Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime. Penicillin has been used as a drug of choice for treating S. pneumoniae infection. However, antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance was observed to a number of commonly used antibiotics including penicillin. Hence, it is important to periodically monitor the antibiotic resistance patterns to choose empirical treatments for better management of pneumococcal infection.

Comparative study of the ethanol extracts of six Acinos Miller species: chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Tatjana D. GOLUBOVIĆ ◽  
Gordana S. STOJANOVIĆ ◽  
Dušanka V. KITIĆ ◽  
Bojan K. ZLATKOVIĆ ◽  
Dragana R. PAVLOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The ethanol extracts of selected Acinos Miller species were investigated in terms of chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracts were performed using GC and GC-MS. Eighty-six constituents, accounting for 93.70-99.99% of the total composition of the extracts, were identified. The ethanol extracts of A. majoranifolius, A. suaveolens and A. alpinus were characterized by domination of monoterpenes, representing 85.03%, 57.39% and 28.02% of the total extracts, respectively. Fatty acids and their esters in the A. arvensis and A. graveolens extracts reached 28.97% and 30.75%. Also, n-alkanes were the major compounds found in A. hungaricus ethanol extract (30.98%). The extracts were characterized by determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. Besides, the antioxidant activity of the investigated extracts was estimated by two assays: DPPH and FRAP test. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the extract of A. alpinus which had high levels of all examined polyphenol classes. A disk diffusion method was employed for the determination of the antimicrobial activities of the ethanol extracts. Gram-positive: Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium pyogenes, Enterococcus sp., Micrococcus flavus; Gram-negative: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aerugionsa, Salmonella enteritidis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and fungal organisms: Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as test microorganisms. The results of preliminary bioassay demonstrated that the A. alpinus ethanol extract could be a possible source of compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial effect of Dimethyl sulfoxide extract of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) leaf gel against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Mediscope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Didarul Haque ◽  
Abu Md Mayeenuddin Al Amin ◽  
Baishakhi Islam ◽  
Nazia Nazneen ◽  
Syeda Noorjahan Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli

An exploratory study based on laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the antibacterial effect of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extract of Aloe vera leaf gel (DAE) against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. DMSO extract was used in five different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml). Dose dependent inhibitory effect was seen against the test organisms using disc diffusion method. Zone of inhibition (ZOI) were 8 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm and 21 mm against S. aureus; 0 mm, 8 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm and 18 mm against P. aeruginosa; 8 mm, 11 mm, 13 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm against E. coli; 0 mm, 9 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm and 18 mm against K. pneumoniae at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed by broth dilution technique. The MICs of DAE for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 300 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml and 450 μg/ml respectively. From the study it was observed that DMSO extract of Aloe vera leaf gel possesses antibacterial effect against the test pathogens. The findings highlight the need for further extensive study to detect and isolate the biologically active ingredients present in the Aloe vera leaves which are responsible for antibacterial effect. Hopefully, that would lead to the discovery of new and more potent antimicrobial agents originated from Aloe vera. Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 2: July 2020, Page 67-74

scholarly journals Effects of Moringa oleifera on Glycaemia and Insulin Levels: A Review of Animal and Human Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Vargas-Sánchez ◽  
Edwin Garay-Jaramillo ◽  
Rodrigo E. González-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Long Term Studies

Diabetes and related neurological complications are serious worldwide public health problems. The increasing number of affected individuals make it necessary to implement novel nutritional and therapeutic interventions. The tree Moringa oleifera (MO) has been used as a food source and for traditional medicine purposes due to possible antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid regulating properties. These properties may be explained by the presence of numerous phytochemicals in the leaves, fruits, roots and, oil of the tree. The evidence for acute antihyperglycemic effects of MO extract on diabetic animal models seems to be robust, but more chronic and long-term studies are needed. In contrast, the hypoglycemic effects of MO on humans are not as clear. The scarce number of human studies, together with a diverse range of methodologies and MO doses, may explain this. In addition, evidence regarding changes in insulin levels due to MO intervention is ambiguous, both in animal and human studies. Therefore, more structured studies are needed to clarify if MO has an effect on insulin levels or activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Coffee Grounds Extracts against Fish Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
Wahyu E. Sari ◽  
Muhammad Hambal ◽  
Henni Vanda ◽  
Maryulia Dewi ◽  
Rumi S. Zamzami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Natural Antimicrobials ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Fish diseases caused bypathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the obstacles for fish farming because it can cause death and loss for farmers. A. hydrophila was reported to possess resistance to several antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need to seek an alternative source of natural antimicrobials. This in vitro study aimed to examinethe effect of ethanol extracts of coffee grounds as an antimicrobial to A. hydrophila which infects carp (Cyprinus carpio). The coffee grounds were collected from four traditional coffee shops in Banda Aceh, and a total of 500 g coffee grounds were extracted using 96% ethanol. Antimicrobial assay of ethanol extracts of coffee grounds was performed by the agar well diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) plates. The result showed that all coffee ground extracts at concentration of 10%, 50%, and 100% were able to inhibit A. hydrophila bacteria with the highest inhibition zone of 10.96 mm posses a strong inhibition, while negative control does not indicate the existence of clear zone. The experiment confirmed the efficacy of coffee ground extracts as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of utilizing them as a drugs for treatment of fish pathogenic caused by A. hydrophila.

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