scholarly journals Formulation of White Board Marker Ink Using Locally Sourced Raw Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Kenneth K Dagde ◽  
Godbless Nwosa ◽  
Chukwuemeka Ukpaka
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
International Standards ◽  
White Board ◽  
Automobile Engines ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

This research work was conducted to demonstrate the mechanism of white board marker ink production using locally sourced raw materials such as charcoal and used lube oil. In the production of the ink, the charcoal served as a pigment, used lube oil served as the primary binder or resin, ethanol served as solvent and gum Arabic served as an additive. The charcoal was obtained from processing of Mango, Oil bean (Ugba) and rubber trees, which were further crushed to their finest particles respectively and the used lube oil was obtained from mechanical engineering servicing unit of automobile engines. The crushed charcoal samples were characterized to determine the physio-chemical properties of some mineral elements such as Ca, Cu, P, K, C, S, N. however the mineral component that controlled the production of this ink was the Carbon content. The different ink samples were formulated in terms of odour, colour, hazardous reaction, pH, density and viscosity and compared with that of international standards. Results obtained showed a good match, indicating the reliability and the quality of the produced white board marker ink. The pH results for Ugba ink = 5.43, Rubber ink = 6.79, and Mango = 7.41. Empirical models were used to predict concentration with that of experimental values, a plot of concentration against time in terms of production yield revealed that the order of magnitude was rubber>Ugba>Mango whereas in terms of penetration and writing ability Ugba>rubber>mango. Furthermore, the research demonstrates the significance of the characteristics of the charcoal and the used lube oil in the quality of the end product. Finally, the research revealed that ink produced from the oil bean (ugba) charcoal and lube oil was best in terms of write-ability and quality in the production of white board marker ink.

TECHNOLOGY OF MEAT COOKING IN THE AUTOCLAVE WITH PRESERVATION OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ANIMAL RAW MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Nazarenko ◽  
◽  
Nataliya Novosad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Periodic Action ◽  
Meat Cooking ◽  
Canned Meat ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The article examines the technology of cooking meat by autoclaving while preserving the chemical properties of the product. Autoclaving has been shown to be one of the main technological steps in canned meat. Sterilization of canned meat is a heat treatment of the product, which ensures the death of microflora to prevent microbiological spoilage at temperate temperatures (15-30oC), and if necessary at higher temperatures, and safety, which guarantees the microbiological indicators of the use of canned food for food. Sterilize meat at temperatures above 100o C, most often at temperatures up to 120o C. It has been determined that sterilization of meat in an autoclave determines the preservation of nutritional value, organoleptic properties, harmless to the consumer and creates the necessary prerequisites for long-term preservation of the quality of canned meat products. The technology of cooking meat is reduced to the choice of parameters (temperature and duration) of heating, which ensure maximum destruction of the microflora with minimal loss of nutritional value. Sterilization is carried out in autoclaves of periodic action. Banks with the product are loaded into the baskets of the autoclave, lowered into the autoclave, seal the device, heated to the desired temperature, withstand the required time, then release the pressure, cool and unload.

scholarly journals LOW-MELTING UNFRITTED GLAZE IN THE MATERIALS SYSTEM "QUARTZ SAND-ULEXIT-SODA-FELVESPATCH CONCENTRATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
V. Onishchuk ◽  
S. Ageeva ◽  
E. Doroganov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fundamental Possibility ◽  
Feldspar Concentrate ◽  
Optimal Values

The article presents the results of studies aimed at establishing the possibility of obtaining low-melting nephritized glazes for majolica with a glass transition temperature of not more than 1000 ° C in the system of materials "quartz sand - ulexite - soda - feldspar concentrate". A rational choice of raw materials will ensure the production of slips that are able to maintain their design chemical composition during the application of majolica to the shard, therefore, provide the specified chemical composition of the glaze and contribute to obtaining the required physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the glaze layer. The design of the material compositions of the charges and the chemical compositions of the glaze coatings was carried out using the mathematical planning of the experiment, which significantly reduced the time and material costs for research. The parameters that determine the quality of slips and glaze coatings have been established, their most optimal values have been identified, which ensure the production of acceptable glaze coatings, and the ways to optimize work in the studied direction have been determined. As a result, the fundamental possibility of obtaining low-melting nephritized glazes in the system of materials "quartz sand - ulexite - soda - feldspar concentrate, capable of transforming into a glassy state at temperatures not exceeding 1000 ºC, has been proved.

scholarly journals DIGTYARI WEAVING PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL IN 1926-1929

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
A. L Shcherban
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Material Base

For the first time, the activity of the weaving vocational school in the village Digtyari (modern Chernihiv region) is analyzed. It was the leading educational institution of the middle level of vocational education of the Ukrainian SSR in the second half of the 1920s, in which the creators of traditional textiles studied. The students learned the skills of making carpets, embroidered shirts, and kerchiefs. On the basis of archival sources, the histories, educational process, composition of the teaching and student groups of the school during 1926-1929 are covered. Established in the fall of 1926, the institution was to train qualified master practitioners for the factory and handicraft arts industry, who had formed an artistic taste. The teaching staff initially consisted of local general education teachers and visiting instructors and teachers of special subjects (O. Reisfeld and M. Dyachenko). The institution was headed by uneducated communists Yu. Kozelev and S. Lutayenko. The students of the first set were mostly non-locals, orphans. But the second set already consisted mostly of children of local peasants and artisans. The school had a significant material base, which remained from the textile educational institutions that operated in Digtyary during the first quarter of the twentieth century. The main rooms were located on the right-wing of the main building of the palace complex of the Galagan estate. As a result of the study of the materials of the minutes of the meetings of the school council, the conflict situations that constantly arose between the managers and their supporters and visiting specialists and led to the departure of the latter from Digtyary were analyzed. The initial stage of the existence of the Digtyari weaving professional school, problems in relations between staff, and the originality of the contingent of the first set of students influenced the quality of their training. As it is clear from the available sources, during the first and the beginning of the second school year students worked both theoretically and practically, but due to lack of raw materials they could not produce a significant amount of full-fledged products. The school’s workshop worked on “factory” and, in part, “peasant” raw materials. At the end of the second year of study, students were already making work suitable for sale. The school operated in two directions. The visiting instructor, an experienced artist M. Dyachenko brought a new vision of teaching graphic literacy into the educational process. Weaving and embroidery instructors who either graduated from the textile schools previously existing in Digtyary (A. Reisfeld, V. Nikolskaya) or worked there for a long time (G. Tsybuleva) broadcast local traditions. During the years under study, about 100 students studying at the institution, and one graduation took place. Troubles in the personal relationship between teachers and school management and insufficient funding have affected the quality of education. But even in such conditions, students not only mastered special and general education subjects but also participated in exhibitions, made marketable products, engaged in research work. Curricula developed by M. Dyachenko and O. Reisfeld became a model for other craft educational institutions. And the textbook was written by O. Reisfeld - the first Ukrainian-language textbook on the technology of folk weaving. Keywords: Digtyari weaving professional school, Mykhaylo Dyachenko, Pryluky region.

The comparison of rapeseeds’ oils from hybrid and open-pollinated varieties by their heating values in the aspect of Diesel utilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
E. Sarkozi ◽  
L. Janosi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The rape is one of the suitable plant species for biofuel feedstock in Hungary. Currently there are over 100 admitted rape sorts recorded in Hungary and their oils’ application as biodiesel proposes new aspects of evaluation. From references it is noticeable that there are differences in the physical and chemical properties of the various rape sorts’ oils and rapeseed-methyl-esters. Our aim is to analyze the differences in the quality of the various rape sorts’ oils and to determine the most appropriate rape sort in the viewpoint of technical utilization. In the course of present research work we have measured the heating values of 21 various rapesorts’ oils -12 from open-pollinated varieties and 9 from hybrids- and examined the differences between them. The outcome values dispersed in the range of the heating values found in the references, but the differences between them are less then the predicted, the variance and the coefficient of variation are reasonably slight, so the examined rape sorts’ oils are similar in the viewpoint of the heating value. Furthermore, the energy content of the rapeseed oils is independent of the type (hybrid or open-pollinated variety) of the plant.

PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Eucalyptus dunnii EM SUBSTRATOS RENOVÁVEIS

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagma Kratz ◽  
Ivar Wendling
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A necessidade premente de aumento no número de mudas plantadas anualmente e a variabilidade de matérias-primas tradicionais para composição de substratos têm levado à necessidade de desenvolvimento de estudos que visem à avaliação da viabilidade técnica e econômica desses materiais. Com base nisso, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a viabilidade técnica da utilização de vermiculita média (VM) e dos componentes renováveis à base de fibra de coco (FC), casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC) em diferentes granulometrias e dois substratos comerciais compostos por casca de pínus semidecomposta (SC) na composição de substratos para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii, e avaliar a correlação das propriedades físicas e químicas dos substratos com a qualidade das mudas. Foram formulados 14 tratamentos, sendo a semeadura realizada em tubetes de 55 cm³. Com base nos resultados obtidos, o substrato que proporcionou maior crescimento das mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii foi o CAC combinado com VM, seguido dos SC, enquanto aqueles à base de CAC em diferentes granulometrias, combinadas ou não com FC, proporcionaram baixo crescimento. Quanto às propriedades dos substratos, verificou-se que densidade aparente, porosidade total, macroporosidade, pH e capacidade de troca catiônica apresentaram correlação com o crescimento das mudas.Palavras-chave: Eucalipto; casca de arroz carbonizada; fibra de coco; casca de pínus.AbstractSeedlings of Eucalyptus dunnii grown in renewable substrate. The pressing need to increase the number of seedlings planted annually and variability of raw materials for traditional composition of substrates have led to the need to develop studies aimed at evaluating these materials, technically and economically feasible. Based on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of using fine vermiculite (VF) and component-based renewable coconut fiber (FC), rice hulls (CAC) in different grain sizes and two commercial substrates composed by pine bark semidecomposta (SC) in the composition of substrates for the production of seedlings of Eucalyptus dunnii, and assess the correlation between the physical and chemical properties of the substrates with the quality of the seedlings. 14 treatments were formulated, and the sowing in tubes of 55 cm³. Based on these results, the substrate that provided greater seedling growth of Eucalyptus dunnii CAC was combined with VF, followed by the SC, while those based CAC in different particle sizes, combined or not with CF, gave low growth. Regarding the properties of the substrates, it was identified that the bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, pH and cation exchange capacity correlated with seedling growth.Keywords: Eucalyptus; rice hulls; coconut fiber; pine bark. 

scholarly journals Valorization of granite micronized stones wastes for eco-friendly production of fired clay bricks

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blasius Ngayakamo ◽  
Gbetoglo Charles Komadja ◽  
Abdulhakeem Bello ◽  
Azikiwe Peter Onwualu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Granite Powder

AbstractConstruction and mining industries around the globe have been criticized for production of enormous solid wastes that have potential environmental impacts. Therefore, this study presents a feasible approach to recover and utilize granite micronized stones waste for production of eco-friendly bricks. This research work, aimed at substituting a natural clay with granite powder to produce value-added bricks with pronounced physical–mechanical properties. The micronized granite waste stones were crushed and ground to obtain a fine powder sample. Thereafter, different batch compositions containing a varied proportions of granite powder were prepared and fired at different sintering temperatures: 900, 1000 and 1100 °C. The raw materials and bricks were characterized for their chemical compositions, microstructural, mineralogical and physical–mechanical properties. The results showed that, an increase in granite waste powder and sintering temperature enhanced the quality of fired clay bricks in terms of mechanical strength and decreased simultaneously the apparent porosity and water absorption. The final experimental approach showed that, the possibility to produce eco-friendly bricks containing up to 30 wt% of granite powder with enhanced engineering properties fired at 1100 °C is promising. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Sensory and physic-chemical properties of wheat bread prepared with apple pomace

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Elvira A. Pyanikova ◽  
Anna E. Kovaleva ◽  
Maria A. Zaikina ◽  
Aleksey G. Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Fresh Frozen

The influence of secondary apple raw materials (frozen apple pomace) on organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the quality of wheat bread has been studied. The traditional recipe of wheat bread was taken as a basis. In this recipe for the sample of bread No. 1, a part of the premium wheat flour was replaced with 25% rice flour and 10% frozen apple pomace. In the sample of bread No. 2, a part of the premium wheat flour was replaced with 12.5% rice flour and 10% fresh frozen apple pomace. For the organoleptic assessment, a five-point scale for assessing the quality of bread was developed, in which the maximum number of points up to5 was assigned to each indicator. According to the results of the study of the organoleptic indicators of the quality of the developed samples of bread using a point scale, it was found that they exceeded the control sample. The best was the sample with fresh frozen apple pomace10% and rice flour in the amount of 12.5%. In terms of physical and chemical indicators, the developed samples of wheat bread enriched with apple raw materials meet the regulatory requirements.

scholarly journals Quality Evaluation of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) Oils Produced by Different Extraction Methods

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Joel Ndife ◽  
Deborah Obot ◽  
Kuyik Abasiekong
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Background: Despite the health benefits of coconut oil and its potential for economic development, the availability remain scarce and the cost very high. This is mainly due to poor extraction methods that in turn affect the yield and quality. Aims: To produce coconut oil using different extraction protocols and to compare the quality of the different oil samples. Study Design: The experimental set-up was of a completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria, between August and October 2018. Methodology: Coconut oils produced by natural fermentation, centrifugation, freeze-thaw and solvent extraction protocols were analyzed for physical, chemical, sensory, microbial sensory properties. Results: The solvent extracted oil had the highest oil yield (23.12%) whereas fermentation oil, the lowest (14.19%). The smoke and fire points had 173.75 -176.60°C and 262.45 - 266.65°C respectively. Solvent oil had the highest saponification (261.33 mgKOH/g) and acid values (0.77 mgKOH/g). The oils generally contained more lauric (46.22-48.16%) and myristic (18.03-19.83%) acids. They were also richer in vitamins A (6.22-18.65 ug/g) and E (2.92-4.28 mg/100 g) than D and K. Fermentation oil had the highest microbial count (12.93×02 cfu/ml) whereas solvent oil had the lowest (5.05×02 cfu/ml). Conclusion: The methods used for the coconut oil extraction had significant impact on the quality of the oils. The highest oil yield was the centrifugation oil obtained from Centrifugation Method. The physico-chemical properties and fatty acid compositions of the coconut oils were comparable to international standards. Coconut oil extracted by freezing and thawing was the most preferred in sensory attributes.

scholarly journals Characteristics of wool raw materials in the Southern Federal District

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Kolosov ◽  
V. V. Aboneev ◽  
A. M. Abdulmuslimov ◽  
A. S. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Federal District ◽  
High Energy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Strategic Program

Relevance. Sheep wool is one of the types of products that requires high energy costs of feed. Therefore, sheep breeding should be based in regions that allow for their soil and climate conditions to contain animals of this type with the lowest material costs. One of these regions of the Russian Federation is the southern Federal district. Assessment of the state of fine wool production in the region makes it possible to develop a science-based strategic program for managing this process, which can be universal and used in relation to other territories. This is the relevance of our research.Methods. Analytical, statistical, computational, and biometric research methods were used for their implementation.Results. As a result, it was found that there is currently a certain stagnation in the production of Merino wool in the Southern Federal District. Therefore, additional means of regional and federal support are needed to encourage producers to increase the number of sheep that produce uniform wool. Certification of wool based on methods consistent with international standards of the IWTO countries in this territory revealed a number of qualitative features of the raw materials produced. The largest share in the structure of produced wool — 79–93% — is occupied by raw materials with a diameter of the cross section of the fibers of 20.6–23.0 microns. Very insignificant is volume of wool diameter of the cross section of the fibers less than 20.5 microns — less than 1%. It is produced only in the Rostov region. It was also established that the share of wool with contamination by easily-and difficult-to-separate impurities at the level of 1.5–2% is from 38 to 100% of the produced wool in different regions of the district. The authors propose a system of complex selection and technological techniques to improve the quality of fine wool produced.

scholarly journals Formulations and Nutrition Value of New Multicomponent Fruit and Berry Liqueurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-446
Author(s):  
Батуч Гусейнова ◽  
Batuch Guseinova ◽  
Фируза Ашурбекова ◽  
Firuza Ashurbekova ◽  
Татьяна Даудова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Nutrition Value ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Β Carotene

Local vegetable raw materials have good prospects in developing new balanced foods with high nutrition value. As a rule, local vegetable raw materials are environmentally friendly and contain a wide range of biologically and physiologically active agents. Fruit liqueurs possess a balanced chemical composition and a high nutrition and physiological value. They produce a recreational or preventive effect on human organism. However, the level of consumption of fresh fruit and berries remains low because of their seasonality. Moreover, the range of fruit and berry products is usually very poor, and very few of them are beneficial for human health and can prevent diseases. The research featured the formulations and production technology for new multicomponent fruit liqueurs of high nutrition value. The liqueurs were made from Dagestan garden and wild fruit and berries with a high content of macro- and micronutrients. The nutrition value and quality of the liqueurs were estimated according to the mass concentration of sugars, titrable acids, vitamins C and P, β-carotene, mineral elements, and phenolic and pectinaceous substances. The sensory properties were measured according to a 10-score system. The paper introduces formulations and technologies for three types of liqueur (Zhivitel’naya, Garmoniya, and Uslada). They involved alcoholized and fermentation-alcoholized juices of grapes, fruit and berry fruit drinks and extracts that mutually complemented each other according to valuable components. The new liqueurs have a high nutrition since 100 cm3 of the liqueur per day partially satisfies the daily requirements for some nutrients: phenolic substances – for 37.5–55.0%; pectinaceous substances – 17.5–32.5%; in vitamin C – 13.7–38.7%, β-carotene – 17.6–43.0%, and a microelement iron – for 14.0–26.0%. The multicomponent fruit liqueurs possess a wide range of biologically and physiologically active agents. As a result, they improve physical activity and increase resistance to bad ecological environment.

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