scholarly journals Prevalence of Obesity and Impact of Menopause on It among Women of Rural Area of Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Somia Bibi ◽  
Tayyab Mumtaz Khan ◽  
Waqas Mehmood Zafar ◽  
Muhmmad Junaid Umer ◽  
Umama Fatima Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Obesity is one of the major health public problems and it not only leads to serious and chronic diseases but also causes poor mental health. Although it is affected by number of factors including food, gender, socioeconomic status, and genetics but menopause is important in postmenopausal women. Therefore, this study was set to assess the prevalence of obesity and impact of menopause on it among women. This cross-sectional descriptive study was completed in about 3 months from August 2020 to October 2020 in a rural area of Punjab, Pakistan. 189 women were enrolled in our study according to agreed criteria of exclusion and inclusion. Women whose age was above 28 years and up to 58 years and who either had regular menstrual cycles or had cessation of menses from at least one last year were selected for study while women who either had irregular menstrual cycles or who were not willing to participate were excluded from study. Collection of data was accomplished via one self-structured proforma and WHO Classification of Weight Status which is based on BMI was also applied. Data analysis was carried out by using SPSS version 25. Multiple statistical tests including Chi-square test, Independent Sample t-test, and One-Way ANOVA test were used to assess the study variables. Overall, our current study shows high prevalence (29.6%) of obesity among women, however, mean of BMI value was higher among postmenopausal women (27.53 SD of ±4.28) in comparison with premenopausal women (25.44 with SD of ±4.05) which means that postmenopausal women had higher risk of development of Obesity in comparison with premenopausal women. The association between obesity and menopause was statistically significant (p=0.0001). The difference of BMI mean value between premenopausal women and postmenopausal women was significant statistically (p=0.001). Significance difference was also noted in BMI mean value of across four grades of weight status (p=0.000). In a nutshell, overall prevalence of obesity is high among women and its even higher among postmenopausal women in comparison to premenopausal women which means menopause increases the obesity among women after menopause but process of development is so far vague.

scholarly journals Gender Difference in Obesity Prevalence Among General Population of Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Khan ◽  
Hina Nauman ◽  
Sania Saher ◽  
Hafiza Arifa Imtiaz ◽  
Amina Bibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Obesity has become a pandemic problem and it is infamous for causing both physical and psychological disorders. Even though obesity is influenced by many factors which include fast food, menopause, socioeconomic status, and genetics, however, gender has paramount importance as a factor that affects obesity when we do not consider other factors. Thus, our current research study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and influence of gender on it. Our current cross-sectional descriptive study was finished in almost 6 months from August 2020 to January 2021 among general population of Pak Aran Society Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 183 people were recruited in study in accordance to set criteria of exclusion and inclusion. Only those people whose age was from above 20 years to below 61 years, and who had no physical or mental illness and were willing to participate were enrolled in study. Data collection was done through one self-structured proforma and WHO Classification of Weight Status established on BMI. SPSS version 25 was applied to perform data analysis. Various statistical tests like Chi-square test, Independent Sample t-test, and One-Way ANOVA test were used to evaluate the study variables and their relationship. Overall, our current study indicates high prevalence (19.10%) of obesity among all participants, nevertheless, mean of BMI value was higher among women (26.26 SD of ±3.70) as compared to men (25.06 with SD of ±4.27) which shows that women had higher risk of development of obesity than men. However, relationship between obesity and gender was statistically insignificant (p=0.262). The difference of BMI mean value between women and men was significant statistically (p=0.046). Significance difference was also observed in BMI mean value of across four grades of weight status (p=0.0001). In summary, in general, prevalence of obesity is higher among women than among men which means female gender raises the obesity incidence among women.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Impact of Menopause on It among Women of Rural Area of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Sana Mansoor ◽  
Tayyab Mumtaz Khan ◽  
Maira Naseer ◽  
Sania Saher ◽  
Farwa Shabbir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep related disorder, and it is affected by number of factors including age, gender, obesity, educational status and menopause. However, in the presence of conflicting findings regarding impact of menopause on OSA, our study was aimed to check the prevalence of OSA in women and impact on it of menopause. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in around 3months from August 2020 to October 2020 in a rural area of Punjab, Pakistan. 205 participants were recruited according to set criteria of our study. Women with age from above 30 years to 60 years, who had regular menstrual cycles or had cessation of menses since at least one last year were enrolled in the study whereas women who had irregular menstrual cycles and were not willing to participate were excluded from the study. Data was collected by two questionnaires including self-structured proforma and STOP Questionnaire. Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS version 25. Different tests including Chi-square test and Independent Sample t-test were applied to evaluate the study variables. In general, current study indicates high prevalence (28.3%) of high risk of OSA among women, however, STOP score was higher among postmenopausal women (1.641 with SD±0.908) as compared to premenopausal women (1.073 SD±0.693)) which means that postmenopausal women had higher risk of development of OSA in comparison with premenopausal women. The association between OSA risk and menopause was statistically significant (p=0.001). The difference of score between premenopausal women and postmenopausal women was significant statistically (p=0.0001). In short, prevalence of OSA high risk is higher among postmenopausal women in comparison with premenopausal women and menopause affects OSA but the mechanism is still not clear.

scholarly journals Exogenous female sex steroid hormones and risk of asthma and asthma-like symptoms: a cross sectional study of the general population

Thorax ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 613-616
Author(s):  
P Lange ◽  
J Parner ◽  
E Prescott ◽  
C Suppli Ulrik ◽  
J Vestbo
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Medication ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Prescription Practice

BACKGROUNDRecent evidence suggests a role for hormonal factors in the aetiology of asthma.METHODSData from a large study of women selected from the general population were used to relate treatment with oral hormonal contraceptives (OCP) and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to the following asthma indicators: self-reported asthma, wheezing, cough at exertion, and use of medication for asthma. The study sample comprised 1536 premenopausal and 3016 postmenopausal women who participated in the third round of the Copenhagen City Heart Study in 1991–4. A total of 377 women were taking OCP (24.5% of premenopausal women) and 458 were on HRT (15.2% of postmenopausal women).RESULTSIn premenopausal women 4.8% reported having asthma. The prevalence of self-reported asthma, wheeze, use of asthma medication, and cough at exertion was not significantly related to use of OCP. In postmenopausal women the prevalence of self-reported asthma was 6.2%. A weak but consistent association was observed between HRT and self-reported asthma (OR 1.42 (95% CI 0.95 to 2.12)), wheeze (OR 1.29 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.64)), cough at exertion (OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.77)), and use of asthma medication (OR 1.45 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.18)).CONCLUSIONSIn this study of the general population no relationship was found between the use of OCP and asthma. Although an association was observed between HRT and asthma and asthma-like symptoms, this was relatively weak and it is concluded that there is no necessity to change present prescription practice.

scholarly journals Association among age, gender, menopausal status and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041613
Author(s):  
Toshihide Izumida ◽  
Yosikazu Nakamura ◽  
Yukihiro Sato ◽  
Shizukiyo Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesSmall dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) might be a better cardiovascular disease (CVD) indicator than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); however, details regarding its epidemiology remain elusive. The present study aimed at evaluating the association between the demographic factors, such as age, gender and menopausal status, and sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio in the Japanese population.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.Setting13 rural districts in Japan, 2010–2017.ParticipantsThis study included 5208 participants (2397 men and 2811 women), who underwent the health mass screening that was conducted in accordance with the medical care system for the elderly and obtained informed consent for this study.ResultsIn total, 517 premenopausal women (mean age ±SD, 45.1±4.2 years), 2294 postmenopausal women (66.5±8.8 years) and 2397 men (64.1±11.2 years) were analysed. In men, the sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio increased during younger adulthood, peaked (36.4 mg/dL, 0.35) at 50–54 years, and then decreased. In women, relatively regular increasing trends of sdLDL-C level and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio until approximately 65 years (32.7 mg/dL, 0.28), followed by a downward or pleated trend. Given the beta value of age, body mass index, fasting glucose and smoking and drinking status by multiple linear regression analysis, standardised sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio in 50-year-old men, premenopausal women and postmenopausal women were 26.6, 22.7 and 27.4 mg/dL and 0.24, 0.15 and 0.23, respectively. The differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women were significant (p<0.001).ConclusionsSdLDL-C and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratios showed different distributions by age, gender and menopausal status. A subgroup-specific approach would be necessary to implement sdLDL-C for CVD prevention strategies, fully considering age-related trends, gender differences and menopausal status.

scholarly journals Correlation of Blood Cholesterol Levels and Hypertension with The Incidence of Stroke in The Provincial Hospital of Banjarmasin

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saputra ◽  
Candra Kusuma Negara ◽  
Anna Martiana Afida ◽  
Henny Puspasari ◽  
Akhmad Murjani
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Introduction: Stroke risk factors are related to the circumstances of a person's health status, namely hypercholesterolemia (excess cholesterol levels) and hypertension (high blood pressure).Methods: A correlative descriptive analytic observational study using cross sectional approach. The number of samples taken is as many as 62 people using the Slovinformula..Statistical analysis uses Sperman Rank Test and Linear regression test.Results: The results of this study indicate that the total cholesterol level of patients from 62 samples found that normal cholesterol levels amounted to 29 people (46.8%) consisting of 12 people (19.4%) with SH and 17 people ( 27.4%) with SNH and high cholesterol levels totaling 33 people (53.2%) divided into 7 people (11.3%) with SH and 26 people (42%) with SNH. There is a significant correlation between blood cholesterol levels with stroke incidence in statistical tests with p value 0,004 (p<0,05), there is a significant correlation between hypertension and stroke events withp value 0,031(p<0,05)there is no significant correlation between blood cholesterol levels and hypertension in statistical tests withp value 0,129 (p>0,05) and by using Linear regression test obtained that the correlation between blood cholesterol levels with a value of mean value hypertension  0.453 and mean 0.994 so that the most dominant with the incidence of stroke was hypertension.Conclusions: Have nothing to do with hypertension, it can be concluded here that stroke is caused by hypertension. The Suggestion is hypertension’s not only caused by cholesterol levels but there are other triggers that cause it.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Obesity and Physical Activity of Children in the Spotlight of Their Parents’ Excessive Body Weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8737
Author(s):  
Erik Sigmund ◽  
Dagmar Sigmundová
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regular School ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: The study reveals the relationships between daily physical activity (PA) and the prevalence of obesity in family members separated according to the participation of their offspring in organized leisure-time physical activity (OLTPA), and answers the question of whether the participation of children in OLTPA is associated with a lower prevalence of obesity in offspring with respect to parental PA and body weight level. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 1493 parent-child dyads (915/578 mother/father-child aged 4–16 years) from Czechia selected by two-stage stratified random sampling with complete data on body weight status and weekly PA gathered over a regular school week between 2013 and 2019. Results: The children who participated in OLTPA ≥ three times a week had a significantly lower (p < 0.005) prevalence of obesity than the children without participation in OLTPA (5.0% vs. 11.1%). Even in the case of overweight/obese mothers/fathers, the children with OLTPA ≥ three times a week had a significantly lower (p < 0.002) prevalence of obesity than the children without OLTPA (6.7%/4.2% vs. 14.9%/10.7%). Conclusions: The cumulative effect of regular participation in OLTPA and a child’s own PA is a stronger alleviator of children’s obesity than their parents’ risk of overweight/obesity.

Association of Daytime Napping and Diagnosed Diabetes in Middle-Aged Premenopausal, Middle-Aged Postmenopausal, and Older Postmenopausal Chinese Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Fang ◽  
Junmin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Purpose: To examine associations of daytime napping and diagnosed diabetes in middle-aged premenopausal, middle-aged postmenopausal, and older postmenopausal Chinese women. Design: Quantitative, cross-sectional. Setting: 2015 cross-sectional data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Participants were recruited from 150 counties/districts and 450 villages/resident committees. Participants: Six thousand nine hundred and forty women aged 45 years and older (mean age = 61 years) stratified by age and menopausal status. Measures: The outcome was self-reported diagnosed diabetes. The exposure was self-reported daytime napping (0, >0-≤60, or >60 min/d). Participants were stratified to middle-aged premenopausal, middle-aged postmenopausal, and older postmenopausal women according to their age (≤60 or >60 years) and menopausal status. Analysis: One-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests were conducted to explore differences on characteristics of middle-aged premenopausal, middle-aged postmenopausal, and older postmenopausal women. Multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for diagnosed diabetes according to daytime napping in the total sample, middle-aged premenopausal, middle-aged postmenopausal, and older postmenopausal Chinese women. Results: Participants’ mean self-reported daytime napping duration was 34 minutes. Women who napped more than 60 minutes were more likely to report diagnosed diabetes (OR = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.76) comparing to those who did not nap, after adjusting for potential confounders. No statistical significance of interaction term between daytime napping and age/menopausal status was detected ( P = .602 and P = .558) among total women. The stratified analysis revealed the significant association among middle-aged postmenopausal women napping more than 60 minutes (OR = 1.81, 95% CI, 1.18-2.77). The association, however, was found to be insignificant in middle-aged premenopausal women and older postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Long daytime nap (>60 min/d) was associated with diagnosed diabetes in middle-aged postmenopausal women in China.

scholarly journals Agreement between 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Clinical Practice Guidelines and Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee Guidelines to Estimate Prevalence of Postmenopausal Hypertension in a Rural Area of Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barua ◽  
Faruque ◽  
Banik ◽  
Ali
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Joint National Committee ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background and objectives: Justification for application of 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines to detect hypertension (HTN) among Bangladeshi population is understudied. This prompted us to examine the level of agreement between 2017 ACC/AHA and Joint National Committee 7 (JNC 7) guidelines to detect postmenopausal HTN in a rural area of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 265 postmenopausal women of 40–70 years of age who visited a rural primary health care centre of Bangladesh. HTN was diagnosed based on two definitions: the JNC 7 guidelines (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg), and the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines (SBP ≥ 130 mmHg, or DBP ≥ 80 mmHg). The prevalence of postmenopausal HTN, its sub-types and stages were reported and compared using frequency and percentage. Agreement was evaluated using Cohen’s Kappa (κ), Prevalence-Adjusted Bias-Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) and First-order Agreement Coefficient (AC1). Results: The prevalence of postmenopausal HTN was 67.5% and 41.9% using 2017 ACC/AHA and JNC 7 guidelines respectively. Among the HTN sub-types and stages, the new 2017 ACC/AHA guideline classified higher proportion of respondents as having isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) (42.6%) and stage 2 HTN (35.8%) compared to JNC 7 (28.7% and 6.8% respectively). On the other hand, the JNC 7 guideline identified more respondents as pre-hypertensive (32.5%) when compared with the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline (3.8%). Between two guidelines, highest agreement was observed for ISH (86.03%) and those had pre-hypertension/elevated blood pressure (71.3%). Similarly, Landis & Koch’s approach detected highest agreement for ISH (κ = 0.74, substantial; PABAK = 0.76, substantial; AC1 = 0.84, excellent; p < 0.001) and pre-hypertension/elevated blood pressure (κ= 0.12, slight; PABAK = 0.42, moderate; AC1 = 0.83, excellent; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The 2017 ACC/AHA HTN guideline reported high agreement and detected more participants as hypertensive when compared with JNC 7 guideline for Bangladeshi postmenopausal women that demands further large-scale study in general population to clarify the current findings more precisely.

Disparities in obesity prevalence and obesity-related behaviors among adolescents in Trinidad and Tobago

2017 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colwick Wilson ◽  
Susan Woolford ◽  
Leon Wilson ◽  
David Williams ◽  
Winetta Oloo
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective African Americans adolescents have disproportionately high rates of obesity compared to their Caucasian peers. Little is known about the rates of obesity among adolescents of African descent in countries with diverse populations. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and weight-related behaviors among adolescents in Trinidad and Tobago and to explore differences by race and gender. Methods In this cross-sectional study, students from a national stratified sample of high schools (n = 42) in Trinidad and Tobago completed a self-administered survey regarding their health habits. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height (via a portable stadiometer) and weight (via a digital scale), and BMI percentiles determined using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. Univariate calculations and χ2 analyses were performed to determine obesity prevalence and explore associations between obesity and self-reported demographic factors and weight-related behaviors. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test mean difference in weight status and multivariate analyses explored the role of gender and race after adjusting for covariates. Results Of the 3618 adolescents in the study, 56.3% were female. Race: 31.9% Black-Trinidadian, 33.7% Indo-Trinidadian and 33.4% Mixed-Race. Mean age was 17.6 years. The overall prevalence of obesity was 7%, but this differed by race (Black-Trinidadians 17%, Mixed-Trinidadians 2%, Indo-Trinidadians 1%). Black-Trinidadian girls were most likely to be obese (28.1%) and to engage in obesity related habits than their peers. Conclusion Black-Trinidadian girls have a significantly higher prevalence of obesity than their peers. Further work should explore culturally tailored interventions to address obesity prevention and treatment in this group.

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