SIFAT FISIS MEKANIS BAMBU LAPIS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PRODUK INTERIOR

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Arhamsyah Arhamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Material Layer ◽  
Weight Variation

Research on the utilization of bamboo as a raw material layer interior products have been made. This research aims to determine the nature of plybamboo in terms of technical aspects / processes of manufacture, physical and mechanical, the influence of weight variation labur adhesive, adhesive types and kinds of bamboo products plybamboo.This type of bamboo used is sweet bamboo (Gigantochloa atter Kurz) and bamboo lear (Gigantochloa apus Kurz).The adhesive used was adhesive Polyvinil Acetat (PVAc) and Chloroprene with adhesive labur weight each - each 150 gr/m2, 200 gr/m2 and 250 gr/m2. The parameters tested were water content, density, flexural strength of dry and delamination.The results showed that the treatment using bamboo material with adhesive Chloroprene sweet heavy labur 250 gr/m2 produce the best plybamboo.Keywords: bamboo, glue, physical, mechanical

scholarly journals Cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.) using coffee waste and pulp to mitigate caffeine and pulp related pollution

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-892
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Calderon Lopez ◽  
Kampanad Bhaktikul
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Material Characteristics

This paper aims to assess the technical, economic, and financial viability of cultivation of mushroom from coffee waste and pulp. The raw material characteristics and technical aspects were analyzed. In techno economic analysis, the investment is defined, and the financing of the project were explained. It is believed that production of mushroom from coffee waste and pulp is feasible as well as profitable in San Salvador. Use of coffee waste in the production of mushroom will prevent its damping in landfills and thus be friendly to environment as well.

scholarly journals Nori Preference Level based on the Condition of the Raw Material Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinda Widu Ramasari ◽  
Evi Liviawaty ◽  
Atikah Nurhayati ◽  
Rusky Intan Pratama ◽  
Eddy Afrianto
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Bayes Test ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii

Aims: To determine the level of preference of panelists for Nori based on the condition of raw materials of dry and semi-dried Kappaphycus alvarezii (formerly Eucheuma cottonii) seaweed. Study Design: The research was conducted experimentally. Place and Duration of Study: Organoleptic tests were carried out in the Laboratory of Fisheries Product Processing Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Padjadjaran. Physical tests and chemical tests conducted at the Laboratory of Research and Biological Resources and Biotechnology Research Institute at the Society (LPPM), IPB, between March 2019 and April 2019. Methodology: The research was conducted experimentally consisted of 3 treatments with 20 semi-trained panelists as replication from Fisheries students of Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, University of Padjadjaran who had experienced the organoleptic assessment. Hedonic tests were to determine the level of panelists preference for the products which included appearance, aroma, texture, and flavor, the results were statistically analyzed using Friedman Test and Bayes Test. Physical tests (thickness and hardness) and chemical tests (water content and crude fiber content) were carried out on the most preferred treatment product and analyzed descriptively. Results: The organoleptic test results of Nori from Kappaphycus alvarezii (formerly Eucheuma cottonii) seaweed with dry raw material conditions had the highest average value on each characteristic compared to other treatments, appearance of 7.70, aroma of 7.00, texture of 7.50, and flavor of 7.90. The Bayes test results on the treatment of Nori from Kappaphycus alvarezii (formerly Eucheuma cottonii) seaweed with dry raw materials conditions having the highest alternative which was 8.54 with the most influential taste criteria for the assessment. The thickness of the Nori was 0.108 mm, the hardness was 1916.16 gf, water content of Nori was 17.23% and crude fiber content was 10.10%. Conclusion: The treatment of Nori with raw materials of dry conditions was the most preferred by panelists.

scholarly journals Nori Level of Preference with Mixed Sargassum sp. and Eucheuma spinosum Seaweed as Raw Material

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Faris ◽  
Evi Liviawaty ◽  
Yuli Andriani ◽  
Eddy Affrianto
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Research Level ◽  
Physical Testing ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Crude Fibre Content

This research aimed to obtain the best nori from a mixture of Sargassum sp and Eucheuma spinosum seaweed and the most preferred by panellists. The research's method used in this study is an experimental method with 3 treatments comparing the seaweed between Sargassum sp. and Eucheuma spinosum that is 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 then tests that used are hedonic test with 20 semi-trained panellists who have experience in organoleptic assessment as replications, physical and chemical tests were also tested for the best treatment according to hedonic test. This research was conducted at the Fisheries Product Processing Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, while the chemical and physical testing of the final results of the research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biological Resources and Biotechnology at LPPM Institut Pertanian Bogor. This research was conducted on February 28, 2019, until March 8, 2019. Based on the results of the research level of preference of nori, it was found that all treatments carried out were still acceptable to the panellists, but the treatment with a ratio of 1: 1 was more preferred by panellists. Chemical characteristics of the Sargassum sp. and Eucheuma spinosum, namely water content contained in the amount of 15.67%, crude fibre content of 11.7% and physical characteristics of the hardness of 300.78 gf, also thickness with nori 0.347 mm.

Research on the Performance of Plaster Material by Chemical Foaming Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 830 ◽  
pp. 435-438
Author(s):  
Hong Xia Wang ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Kuang Ping Yuan ◽  
Wu Biao Duan ◽  
Fei Hua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Chemical Foaming

The paper introduces a kind of foaming plaster with main raw material of α- gypsum, which is produced by utilizing the chemical reaction principles H2O2 was decomposed. Meanwhile，study the changes of density，flexural strength and compressive strength of plaster material performance with the additives in different ratio. The result showed that water-cement ratio, H2O2 foaming agent and water temperature all affect the performance of the foaming plaster.

Use of Quartzite Quarries Wastes in Civil Construction

2013 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario L. Cabello ◽  
Antonio E.C. Peres ◽  
Afonso H. Martins ◽  
Carlos A. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Dimension Stone ◽  
Alkali Aggregate Reaction

The extraction of the dimension stone quartzite in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, has been done mostly in small quarries, at very low recovery levels, generating approximately six million tons of waste by year. The aim of this investigation is to study the application of the quartzite waste as aggregate in the civil construction. Laboratory tests of crushing and grinding were done to assess the technical and economic viability of reducing the size of coarse material rendering it adequate to be used as raw material in industrialized mortars and concrete pre-molded components. Samples of concrete using quartzite waste as aggregate were molded in proportions and water content used in the production of pre-molded components and the final compressive strength was assessed. Then, samples of mortars with quartzite waste as aggregate were molded with variations in proportion, water content and top size of aggregates, to assess the workability and final compressive strength. It was concluded that with a single stage of crushing, the waste generated could be used in the production of pre-molded components. An additional stage of grinding would be required for use of a larger amount of quartzite waste in the production of mortars. The alkali-aggregate reaction was not considered in this study.

Preparation of 10B Enriched B4C Ceramics by Pressureless Sintering

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 540-543
Author(s):  
Yu Jun Zhang ◽  
Sha Li Tan ◽  
Ru Bin Wei ◽  
Shu He Ai ◽  
Hai Bin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbide Powder ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Pressureless Sintering ◽  
Water Reactors

Boron carbide is an attractive neutron absorbing material used both in Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR) and in Pressurised Water Reactors (PWR) owing to its very high absorption cross section for thermal neutrons, chemical stability and refractory character. In the present paper, 10B enriched B4C ceramics are prepared by pressureless sintering at 19602160°C, under argon, using 10B boron carbide powder as raw material, 18 wt% phenolic resin as sintering aid. In the sintering temperature range, with the increasing of sintering temperature, both the relative density and flexural strength increase linearly, the average particle sizes increase from about 3μm at 1960°C to more than 30μm at 2160°C. The sample sintered at 1960°C has a 91.7% of relative density and 192 MPa of flexural strength and a homogeneous texture with 3-4μm particle size, which are enough for pellet application of reactors.

AKTIVASI KIMIA-FISIK LIMBAH SERUTAN ROTAN MENJADI KARBON AKTIF

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-98
Author(s):  
Andy Mizwar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Limbah rotan dari industri kerajinan dan mebel berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif karena memiliki kandungan holoselulosa dan kadar karbon yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas dari aktivasi kimia menggunakan larutan natrium klorida (NaCl) yang dilanjutkan dengan aktivasi fisik dalam pembuatan karbon aktif berbahan dasar  limbah serutan rotan. Pembuatan karbon aktif diawali dengan proses karbonisasi pada suhu 250°C selama 1 jam. Selanjutnya aktivasi kimia menggunakan larutan NaCl dengan variasi konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% serta waktu perendaman selama 10, 15 dan 20 jam. Aktivasi fisik dilakukan dengan pembakaran pada suhu 700°C selama 30 menit. Analisis karakteristik fisik-kimia karbon aktif mengacu pada SNI 06-3730-95, meliputi kadar air, fixed carbon, dan iodine number, sedangkan perhitungan luas permukaan spesifik karbon aktif dilakukan dengan Metode Sears. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum aktivasi kimia terjadi pada konsentrasi NaCl 10% dan lama perendaman 10 jam dengan hasil analisis kadar air 2.90%, fixed carbon 72.70%, iodine number 994.59 mg/g dan luas permukaan 1587.67 m²/g. Peningkatan fixed carbon, iodine number dan luas permukaan karbon aktif berbanding terbalik dengan peningkatan konsentrasi NaCl dan lama waktu perendaman, sedangkan peningkatan kadar air pada karbon aktif berlaku sebaliknya. Rattan waste from handicraft and furniture industry could potentially be used as raw material of activated carbon due to high content of holoselulosa and carbon. This paper investigates the effectiveness of chemical activation using sodium chloride (NaCl) followed by physical activation in the making of activated carbon-based on rattan shavings waste. Preparation of the activated carbon began with the carbonization process at 250°C for 1 hour. Furthermore chemical activation using a variation of NaCl concentrations 10%, 15% and 20% as well as the time of immersion 10, 15 and 20 hours. Physical activation was done by burning at 700°C for 30 minutes. Analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics of the activated carbon was referred to the SNI 06-3730-95, including of moisture content, fixed carbon and iodine number, while the calculation of the specific surface area was done by the Sears’s method. The results of this study showed that the optimum conditions of chemical activation occurred in impregnation by NaCl 10% for 10 hours. The water content, fixed carbon, iodine number and surface area of activated carbon was 2.90%, 72.70%, 994.59 mg/g and 1587.67 m²/g  respectively. The increase values of fixed carbon, iodine number, and surface area was inversely proportional to the increase of NaCl concentration and the length of impregnation time, while the increase of water content applied vice versa.

Sintered Reaction-Bonded Silicon Nitride by Microwave Heating

1992 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry N. Tiegs ◽  
James O. Kiggans ◽  
Kristin L. Ploetz
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
One Step ◽  
Sintered Silicon

ABSTRACTSintered silicon nitride has many desired properties, however, for most applications these materials are too expensive to compete with metal parts. Sintered reaction-bonded silicon nitride (SRBSN) is more economical, with raw material costs <27% those of comparable high-purity materials, making it competitive with metal parts. Conventional processing of SRBSN requires long nitridation times and a two-step firing process. Microwave (MW) heating reduces the reaction times and is performed in a one-step process, thereby simplifying the operation. The flexural strength of the MW-SRBSN is equivalent to the strength of some materials made from higher-cost powders. Thus, these materials may be appropriate for a number of applications.

scholarly journals Pengaruh variasi kecepatan udara dan massa bahan terhadap waktu pengeringan jagung pada alat fluidized bed

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Syahrul ◽  
R. Romdhani ◽  
Mirmanto Mirmanto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Maximum Moisture Content

Indonesia is an agricultural country that has many agricultural products so that post-harvest handling is necessary so that the crop is not quickly broken when stored or distributed. One harvests in Indonesia, which require post-harvest handling such as corn. Based on SNI, the maximum moisture content of corn feed raw material has a moisture content of 14%. The water content of the corn used is 20% with a tolerance of ± 0.5%. Variations air speed used is 5 m /s, 6 m /s and 7 m /s with a variation of the mass of material that is 0.5 kg, 1 kg, and 1.5 kg. With the variation of air velocity and mass of the material showed that the higher the speed of the air, the faster drying time. In addition, the heavier material is drained, it will take longer. Variations of air velocity and mass of materials that require the fastest drying time is the air speed of 7 m /s with a mass of 0.5 kg. Variations of air velocity and mass of material that takes the longest drying air is at a speed of 5 m / s with a mass of 1.5 kg of material.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Residual Stress Effect on the Flexural Strength of Porcelain Tiles Formulated from Locally Available Materials in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ochen ◽  
Florence Mutonyi D'ujanga ◽  
Bosco ORURU
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Quartz Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Residual Stress Effect ◽  
Fine Quartz ◽  
Porcelain Tiles

Quartz is an inexpensive raw material used in the production of porcelain tiles. The presence of quartz prevents pyroplastic deformation during sintering. However, the use of quartz particle size exceeding 32 µm has a deleterious effect on the flexural strength of porcelain tiles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microstructure and residual stress on the flexural strength of porcelain tiles formulated with different quartz particle sizes, within the range of 45 to 200 µm. The samples made of kaolin, feldspar and quartz were mixed in the ratio of 5:3:2 respectively, and die pressed at 40 MPa. Afterwards, the green body was sintered at 1300 0C for 2 hours at a rate of 60 0C/min. The microstructure of the sintered body was characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the nature and size of the pores. In addition, the residual stress was evaluated based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and corroborated with SEM. The flexural strength was determined using three points loading method. The samples formulated with quartz particle size of 45 µm exhibited smooth granules, and isolated pores within the range of 3-8 µm. But, those with 200 µm particles size exhibited rough granules, and interconnected pores between 10-34 µm. Initially, there was an increase in the residual stress, but above 90 µm particle size, it decreased due to evolution of cracks.  Also, an increase in quartz particle size resulted in a decline in flexural strength from  to  MPa. These results show that increasing quartz particle size affected the pore morphology and the residual stresses. Therefore, fine quartz particle milling should be taken into account for further improvement of flexural strength.

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