scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutrient Composition of Ripe and Unripe Fruits of Solanum sisymbriifolium

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Momen ◽  
Rashu Barua ◽  
Md. Golam Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Solanum Sisymbriifolium ◽  
Unripe Fruits

Introduction: Solanum sisymbriifolium or lychee tomato is a small, viscid, and prickly wild shrub native to South America, widely distributed throughout Bangladesh. Although roots and other aerial parts of this plant are traditionally used for treating various ailments, much work has not yet been done to elucidate its nutritional and economic importance of the edible fruit of this medicinal plant. Therefore, to explore the nutritional value as a food source, the proximate value and mineral content of ripe and unripe fruit of S. sisymbriifolium were assessed in this study. Materials and methods: AOAC methods have been followed to determine the proximate content, while the analysis of the mineral content has been done by using standard analytical methods. Result and Discussion: This study investigated proximate values (moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude protein, and lipid) and selected mineral contents- magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), and potassium (K) of ripe and unripe fruits of Solanum sisymbriifolium using standard analytical methods. Compared to other minerals, Mg was present in higher concentrations in both ripe and unripe fruits. The concentration of Fe in unripe (0.013 mg/100g) and ripe fruit (0.024mg/100g) was the lowest. Although proximate compositions were variable between ripe and unripe fruits, only Ca was found in higher amount in the unripe fruit (08.91 mg/100g) than the ripe fruit (06.73 mg/100g) among all the other tested minerals which makes it a more preferable option for consumption. Conclusion: The unripe and ripe fruits (preferably) of Solanum sisymbriifolium could be introduced as a functional food in the community for health promotion.  

scholarly journals Antioxidant and physicochemical properties of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit at different ripening stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 18694-18710
Author(s):  
Fidelis Mawunyo Kpodo ◽  
◽  
DA Darko ◽  
EK Essuman ◽  
NK Kortei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Unripe Fruits ◽  
African Star Apple

Chrysophyllum albidum (African Star Apple) fruit is an indigenous African fruit. The African Star Apple plant popularly referred to as the “alasa” tree grows widely in tropical Africa. Ripening influences biochemical processes and subsequently affects the nutritional and bioactive characteristics of the fruits. This study sampled Chrysophyllum albidum fruit of three maturity stages and determined the colour, proximate, total phenol and antioxidant characteristics of the fruits. Spectrophotometric methods were used in the determination of total antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2-azinobis,3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the colour of the fruit across all the ripening stages. The ripe stage of the fruit recorded the highest extent of lightness among all the other ripening stages. Both the ripe and over-ripe fruits appeared reddish in colour with the ripe fruit demonstrating a higher red intensity than the over-ripe fruit. The calculated metric chroma of the Chrysophyllum albidum fruits were in the range of 2.33-21.67 for the three ripening stages. Hue angle values recorded were in the range 46.46-92.00. Browning and colour indices for fruits of all the stages of development were of range 6.40-80.30 and -14.30-16.96, respectively. Proximate analysis of the three fruit categories showed that the unripe fruits had higher carbohydrate (69.27 %), crude protein (8.17 %), and crude fat (7.99 %) content relative to fruits which were ripe and over-ripe. The over-ripe fruit had higher crude fibre (7.36 %) and ash (3.86 %) content. Total phenolic content for the unripe fruit (20μg GAE/mg) was also higher than fruits of the other ripening stages. The antioxidant ability of the Chrysophyllum albidum fruit showed that the unripe stage recorded the highest DPPH (29.24 %) and ABTS (99.09 %) radical scavenging activity. The ferric reducing antioxidant potential of the fruit at different ripening stages was significantly different (p<0.05) with the unripe stage recording the highest potential. The unripe fruits demonstrated higher proximate and antioxidant composition than the ripe and over-ripe fruits. Extracts from the unripe fruit can serve as useful nutraceuticals in functional food formulations.

Effects of dietary deficiencies of energy, protein and calcium on the pregnant ewe. II. Body composition and mineral content of the lamb

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
A. C. Field
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Semitendinosus Muscle ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

SUMMARYThe effects of low protein and low Ca intakes during pregnancy on lamb composition and mineral contents have been investigated. Twenty-eight 6½-year-old Blackface ewes were used in a 2 × 2 experiment in which semi-purified diets containing 11·8 and 6·0% crude protein and 1·2 and 0·11 % Ca in the dry matter were offered to maintain constant levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ketone bodies in the plasma, comparable to those found in hill sheep in winter. A further group, control, were fed a conventional diet containing adequate crude protein and Ca to maintain NEFA and ketone body levels typical of well-nourished sheep. The lambs were killed at birth and whole body fat, moisture, nitrogen, Ca, P, Mg, Na and K contents determined. Further data was obtained on the brain, liver and semitendinosus muscle.Within the context of the experiment the most important factor in determining the mineral content of the lambs was the protein intake of the ewe, mainly due to its effect on lamb body weight. The mean Ca content of lambs from the control ewes was 47·8 g. By comparison that of lambs from the high and low protein groups was reduced by 4·9 and 12·9 g respectively.Calcium intakes as low as 27 mg/kg ewe body weight/day had no significant effect on lamb birth weight or mineral composition.The mean concentrations (g/kg) of minerals in the fat-free bodies of the lambs ranged from 12·1 to 14·6 for Ca, 6·6 to 7·4 for P, 0·49 to 006 for Mg and from 1·9 to 1·6 for K in the control and double deficiency groups respectively. It was concluded that these changes in lamb composition could be interpreted according to classical studies on the influence of undernutrition on the relative growth and development of animal tissues.The livers of the lambs, although significantly reduced in weight by the protein deficiency showed no evidence of being relatively more severely affected than muscle tissue.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Proximate Composition, Anti-Nutrients and Mineral Content of Maerua Crassifolia Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
U.I. Aletan ◽  
H.A. Kwazo
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Lethal Doses

This study was carried out to determine the proximate composition, anti-nutrient and the mineral content of Maerua crassifolia leaves. Proximate analysis was performed using standard AOAC methods, mineral contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry while the anti-nutrients were analysed using standard methods. The results revealed that the leaves had moisture content of 62.00 %, ash content of 12.17± 0.47 g/100 g and crude protein content of 15.17 ± 0.02 g/100 g. The value of the minerals ranged between 75.33 ± 0.05 mg/kg for potassium and 2.88 mg/kg for magnesium. For the heavy metals, zinc had the highest value of 0.22 ± 0.02 μg/mg. The sodium: potassium ratio was calculated to be 0.92 ±0.00. All the anti-nutrients studied were below the lethal doses recommended. The results obtained indicate that the leaf will be a good source of nourishment if properly utilized. Keywords: proximate composition, mineral content, anti-nutrients, Maerua crassifolia

Assessment of antioxidant activity, minerals and chemical constituents of edible mahua (Madhuca longifolia) flower and fruit of using principal component analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinti Singh ◽  
Jyotsana Singh ◽  
Radha Kushwaha ◽  
Monika Singh ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Madhuca Longifolia

Purpose Flowers and fruits of Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) (mahua) tree are edible and used as traditional Indian medicines. The physicochemical properties of different parts of mahua are investigated. This study aims to estimate the different mineral contents, polyphenols compounds and antioxidant activities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition, reducing power, free radical scavenging activity using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays of mahua flower, ripe and unripe fruit. Design/methodology/approach Flavonoids were identified and quantified in yellow flowers and fruits of M. longifolia tree by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. Low molecular weight carbohydrates were determined by the ICBio scan, a specific method for determining of carbohydrates. Mineral content is determined by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Physicochemical, nutritional and mineral properties of mahua flower, ripe and unripe fruit were investigated by the statistical approach of principal component analysis (PCA). Findings Ascorbic acid, gallic acid (GA), quercetin and myrcetin were the phenolic compounds identified and quantified in mahua flower and fruit extracts. Sugar profiling of mahua flowers and fruits confirmed the presence of inositol, sorbitol, mannitol, dextrose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose and maltose. The mineral content of Na, K, Mg and Ca was present in quite a good amount in all samples. Total phenolic content (TPC) was significantly high in mahua flower (25.3 ± 1.0 mg GA equivalent/g FW) followed by mahua unripe (15.8 ± 1.0 mg GA equivalent/g FW) and ripe fruit (14.3 ± 1.0 mg GA equivalent/g FW) at p = 5%. In contrast, total flavonoid contents (TFCs) were highest in ripe fruit, then mahua flower and unripe fruit. Positive correlations were predicted by PCA for mahua flower with TPC, antioxidant activity assays and minerals except for Na; ripe fruit with TFC and Na; and unripe fruit with maltose and sorbitol. Originality/value This study demonstrates the application of LIBS for the determination of elements present in the mahua flowers and fruits and reveals that mahua can be a good source of nutrients. Sugar profiling of mahua flower showed that it is a rich source of reducing and non-reducing sugar, proving that mahua flower juice can be used as a natural sweetener in the development of different food products, namely, biscuits, cookies, cake, jam, jelly, juice and squash.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Biochemical Composition of the Flesh of Egeria radiata (Bivalvia: Donacidae) and Crassotrea rhizophorea (Perecypode: Lameillebrachia) of the Cross River State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Opeh, Patience Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

The food and mineral contents of flesh of the two bivalve species (Egeria radiata and Crassostrea rhizophorea) of Cross river, Nigeria were investigated. The study revealed that the moisture content of E. radiata and C. rhizophorea was 52.46% and 54.01%, crude protein was 24.37% and 20.49%, fat was 9.03% and14.22%, crude fibre was 0.01% and 1.30%, ash was 1.43% and 9.05%, carbohydrate was 12.7% and 2.23% and energy was 229.58J and 218.84J. The mineral content of E. radiata and C. rhizophorea  showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in Ca+, Na+, K, Mg, while the Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, P and Mn were similar (P>0.05). Based on the findings of this study, biochemical profile of E. radiata is high in nutrients and is suitable for human consumption. Therefore, concerted efforts should be made to enlighten the populace on the increased nutritional benefits of consuming E. radiata.

Effects of dietary deficiencies of energy, protein and calcium on the pregnant ewe. I. Body composition and mineral content of the ewes

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
A. C. Field
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

SUMMARYForty 6½-year-old Scottish Blackface ewes were used in an experiment to investigate the effects of low protein and low calcium (Ca) intakes during pregnancy on body composition and mineral contents. Six sheep were slaughtered at the commencement of the experiment as controls; 28 were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment in which semipurified diets containing 11·8 and 6·0% crude protein (CP) and 1·2 and 0·11% Ca in the dry matter were offered to maintain non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ketone bodies in the plasma at levels comparable to those found in hill sheep in winter. All ewes were slaughtered after parturition and the carcase dissected into soft tissue and skeleton fractions. Both fractions were dissolved in HNO3and the fat and mineral contents measured.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of in Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Unripe and Ripe Fruits of Solanum sisymbriifolium

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Momen ◽  
Rashu Barua ◽  
Md. Golam Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Solanum Sisymbriifolium ◽  
Unripe Fruits

Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Solanaceae), commonly referred to as Kantikari (Bengali), sticky nightshade, or litchi tomato. Despite, the traditional use of this plant for several ailments, very little is known about the phytochemical and pharmacological content of the edible ripe berries of this medicinal plant. Ethanol and petroleum ether extract of the ripe and unripe fruits of Solanum sisymbriifolium were examined by using standard analytical methods to determine and compare their bioactive chemical constituents, total phenolic content, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potential. Quantitative phytochemical screening showed that the presence of medicinally active secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins were detected in both ripe and unripe fruits. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were found to be more pronounced in ripe fruit extract, whereas unripe fruit extracts showed moderate cytotoxic activity. DPPH free radical scavenging method demonstrated that IC50 value of ethanol and petroleum ether extract of ripe fruits were 194.40μg/ml and 436μg/ml, and for unripe fruit the values were 689.82μg/ml and 1411.23μg/ml. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC50 value of unripe fruits was 230.6559μg/ml for ethanol extract and 314.9227μg/ml for petroleum ether extract. The LC50 value of the ethanol extract of ripe fruits was 456.1021μg/ml and for petroleum ether extract was 1,017.6848μg/ml. The results of this study showed that the litchi tomato not only has the potential to be a rich source of an edible compound due to the presence of profound phytochemical constituents but also can be used as a source of pharmacological references.

scholarly journals Nutrient Composition of Artocarpus champeden and Its Hybrid (Nanchem) in Negara Brunei Darussalam

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B.L Lim ◽  
H.I Chieng ◽  
F.L Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Artocarpus Champeden

The flesh and seeds of ripened and unripened Artocarpus champeden and its ripened hybrid (Nanchem) were analyzed for their moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, total carbohydrate, energy and mineral content. Generally, unripened A. champeden which is always treated and cooked as a vegetable contains higher amounts of moisture, ash, crude fibre and crude protein for its flesh than ripened A. champeden and Nanchem. Ripened A. champeden and Nanchemhave higher total carbohydrates and energy content than the unripe fruit. Similarly, the unripened A. champeden seed has more nutritional components in terms of moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, total carbohydrate and energy compared to the ripened A. champeden and Nanchem seeds. Potassium and magnesium are the prevalent minerals in this fruit species. Nanchem has the characteristics of both jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and A. champeden.

scholarly journals Diets of freely grazing and captive reindeer during summer and winter

Rangifer ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauri Nieminen ◽  
Ulla Heiskari
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Deschampsia Flexuosa ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Commercial Feeds ◽  
Very High

<p>The chemical composition and nutritive value of different forage plants and commercial feeds of reindeer were studied by standard methods in the Finnish reindeer herding area during 1980-86. The nutritive values, particularly the protein and mineral contents, of ground lichens (Cladina spp.) and arboreal lichens (Alectoria spp.) were very low compared to forest wiregrass (Deschampsia flexuosa), summer forage plants and commercial feeds. The crude protein and mineral content of reindeer summer food was very high. The energy content of lichens and commercial feeds was high and they are an important source of energy for reindeer in winter.</p><p>Vapaasti laiduntavien ja tarhaporojen ravinto kesa 11a ja talvella.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Poron ravintokasvien ja kaupallisten rehujen kemiallista koostumusta ja ravintoarvoja tutkittiin vakiomenetelmin Suomen poronhoitoalueella vuosina 1980-86. Poronjakalien {Cladina spp.) ja luppojen {Alectoria spp.) ravintoarvot ja valkuais- ja kivennaisainepitoisuudet olivat hyvin alhaiset verrattuna metsalauhaan {Deschampsia flexuosa), kesaravintokasveihin ja kaupallisiin rehuihin. Poronjakalien ja kaupallisten rehujen energiapitoisuus oli kuitenkin korkea ja niista poro saa nopeasti tarvitsemaansa energiaa talvella.</p><p>Fritt betande och inhagnade renars matsedel under sommar och vinter i Finland.</p><p>Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Man har undersokt den kemiska sammansattningen och naringsvardet av olika foderplanter och kommerciella fodermedel under &aring;ren 1980-86. Naringsvardet, sarskilt innh&aring;llet av protein i renlavar {Cladina spp.) och tradlavar (Alectoria spp.) var mycket l&aring;gt sammanliknat med smyla (Deschampsia flexuosa), sommarbetesplanter och kommerciella fodermedel. R&aring;protein och mineralinneh&aring;ll i renenes som-marbetes-foder var mycket hogt. Energiinneh&aring;llet av lavar och kommerciella fodermedel var ho gt och dessa &aring;r viktiga energikallor for renen i vintern.</p>

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

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