scholarly journals Feminitives with Suffix ‘-shits(a ) /-chits(a)’

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
Zoya I. Mineeva

The feminitives (nouns denoting women) of the modern Russian language, formed with the help of the productive suffixal morpheme ‘-shits(a) /-chits(a)’ are considered. The views of scientists of the 19th-21st centuries on the process of derivation of feminine nouns are characterized. The relevance of the study is due to the stable productivity of the suffix formant and the insufficient development of the theory of word formation of feminitives. Structural-semantic and corpuscular methods are used. The novelty and scientific significance of the work is determined primarily by the research material: neologisms, which are included in the dictionaries of new words of 1971-2014, the Russian National Corpus (main and newspaper corps) used in media texts, are analyzed. The specifics of correlates of male and female gender fixing in the explanatory dictionaries of the last years of publication are shown. Particular attention is paid to the semantics of neoplasms, a classification of new feminitives by semantic properties is proposed. Motivating words, morphological features of the compound of the formant with the motivating basis are revealed. The author dwells on potential neologisms. The conclusion is made that the formation of feminitives with suffixes ‘-shits(a ) /-chits(a)’, as well as masculine nouns with value of a person, is carried out using verbs and deverbatives, nouns and adjectives.

Author(s):  
A.A. Dasko ◽  

The article presents a lexicographic description of the word "beard", defines the variants of its lexical and grammatical compatibility, and performs a semantic analysis of Russian phraseological units with the "beard" component. The research material is determined by the sampling method and based on monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, as well as the National Corpus of the Russian language. The author offers his own classification of the designation of beard forms.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Elena Aleksandrovna Makleeva ◽  
Vera Alekseevna Kosova ◽  
Elena Mikhailovna Markova

This article discusses the features of the derivative functioning of with the suffix -sh(a) in Russian jargon.. The material for the research was the "Big Dictionary of Russian Jargon"  containing about 25,000 words. 20 units with the suffix -sh(a) were identified by the method of continuous sampling, their derivational and semantic properties were analyzed. It was found that out of 20 derivatives with the suffix -sh(a), seven are recorded in the National Corpus of the Russian language, representing by 97 contexts. Two words out of seven (guest performer and commandant) are used only in their direct meaning. No contexts have been identified in which these words would be used in the meaning recorded with the Great Dictionary of Russian Jargon. The main way of forming jargon with the suffix -sh(a) is the actual suffixation; in rare cases, suffix universalization is observed. The inclusion of foreign words in word-formation processes is noted, which confirms the productivity of this suffix in colloquial speech. It was found that the suffix -sh(a) performs the following functions in jargon: nominative, evaluative-expressive and style-forming.    


Author(s):  
Olga Terekhova ◽  
◽  
◽  

The word, as a structural unit of language, has a number of basic features. The Russian language is alive, and, like all living things, it develops and undergoes changes in the process of its development. Preschoolers come up with new words based on linguistic patterns. The teacher in the classroom on the development of speech should redirect the word-creation of children in the right direction, showing them the current rules of word-formation of their native language.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Leonid Michaylovich Ivshin

The article examines the vocabulary of religious-Christian content in the handwritten Russian-Udmurt dictionaries by the first Udmurt writer and outstanding scientist, educator and missionary, clergyman G. Ye. Vereshchagin. There is no exact information about the time when the manuscripts were written. One of them was presumably created at the end of the 19 - beginning of the 20 centuries, before the adoption of the Russian spelling reform in 1918, since the letter ъ is inconsistently encountered at the very beginning of the dictionary in lexemes ending in a hard consonant. Another manuscript can be dated to the period after the adoption of the Russian spelling reform, when the Cyrillic letters ѣ, ө and ъ were excluded from the Russian alphabet. The author of the manuscripts selected appropriate primordial Udmurt equivalents to words of religious content or used borrowings (mainly from the Russian language), and was guided by the following considerations: 1) he used Udmurt words that arose in the depths of paganism, which by the time the manuscripts were compiled had acquired a completely Christian meaning (Kyldysin tӧre 'Archangel'); 2) adapted concepts that had a slightly different, everyday meaning (viz sonany, gavyldyns, aldans ‘to tempt’); 3) terms without direct correspondences in the Udmurt language are often translated by a combination of words or interpretation (umoytem Inmar vyle veras ‘blasphemer’); 4) borrowed from Russian or other languages (Archirey, Arquerey ‘Bishop’). The study of the lexical and semantic features of written attestations in the context of developing the national corpus of the Udmurt language and filling it with not only absolutely new, but also to some extent forgotten and revisited elements is a very important linguistic activity. The linguistic actualization of religious vocabulary contributes to the recovery of speech assets and registers in a significant number of dictionary nominalizations by designating concepts and phenomena of the spiritual and religious sphere of the Udmurt language.


Author(s):  
Guzel Faizullina ◽  
Elena Ermakova

В статье рассматриваются словообразовательные возможности антропонимики русского и татарского языков. Наименования человека (личные имена, отчества, фамилии, прозвища) являются частью лексической системы языка, а значит, появляются, формируются и развиваются в соответствии с общеязыковыми законами. В дальнейшем эти наименования становятся деривационной базой для появления новых антропонимов и отантропонимных топонимов. Анализ и сопоставление аналогичных и уникальных наименований человека и их производных, способов и средств словотворчества в разных языках позволяют определить особенности менталитета, выявить межэтнические контакты, результаты взаимодействия и взаимовлияния разных наций и народов. Материалом для наблюдения послужили данные толковых и этимологических словарей разносистемных языков, словарей русских и татарских имен и фамилий. В качестве иллюстративного материала представлены данные архивных документов, хранящиеся в ГБУТО «Государственный архив в г. Тобольске»; полевой материал, который был собран во время диалектологических экспедиций в сельские населенные пункты Тюменской области (2014–2018 гг.). Несмотря на то, что вторичные наименования рассматриваются в разносистемных языках, наблюдения над материалом позволяют сделать выводы о наличии универсальных концептов, об общих культурных ценностях. В силу культурно-исторических связей формирование татарских фамилий проходило позднее по тем словообразовательным моделям, которые сложились в русском языке, и с помощью таких же формантов, как и в русском языке, от одной мотивирующей основы (имени собственного) могут образовываться дериваты – две и более фамилий; в обоих языках деривационной базой служат не только имена, но и их квалитативы; широко распространены фонетические варианты фамилий. Нередко трудно, а порой практически невозможно определить происхождение фамилий разных народов в силу их фонетического созвучия. Производные единицы сами становятся базой для появления новообразований – антропонимных топонимов. Для анализа ономастикона, представленного в статье, использовался описательный метод с применением его основных приемов: наблюдения, обобщения и классификации материала. Для семантической реконструкции был использован метод этимологического анализа с учетом фонетического и словообразовательного аспектов. Анализ формирования и становления топонимов в регионе позднего заселения, каким является Западная Сибирь, представляется актуальным, поскольку в научный оборот вводятся новые антропонимические данные, которые подтверждают общие закономерности формирования русской и татарской ономастики. Тождественность лексических и деривационных процессов формирования ономастикона в разносистемных языках обусловлена общностью территории, на которой в тесном взаимодействии проживают разные народы.The article considers derivational possibilities of anthroponymy of Russian and Tatar languages. Names person (personal names, middle names, surnames, nicknames) are part of the lexical system of the language, and therefore appear, are formed and developed in accordance with the common language laws. In the future, these names become a derivation base for the emergence of new anthroponyms and from the antroponimnykh of toponyms… Analysis comparison of similar and unique names of the person and their derivatives, ways and means word creation in different languages allow you to determine the features mentality, identify enter-ethnic contacts. The results of the interaction and mutual influence of different Nations and peoples. Material for observation based on data from sensible and etymological dictionaries of different languages, dictionaries Russian and Tatar names, names. As illustrative material presented archival documents stored in the GUTO «State archive in Tobolsk»; field material that was collected during the dialectological expeditions in rural settlements of the Tyumen regions (2014–2018). Despite the fact that the secondary names are considered in multi-system languages, observations on the material allow you to make conclusions on the existence of universal concepts and General cultural values: due to cultural and historical ties, later formation Tatar surnames passed on those word- formation models, which have developed in the Russian language, and with the help of the same formants; Russian language, from one motivating basis (own name ) can to form the derivatives two and further the names in both languages the derivation base is not only the names, and their qualitative; widely common phonetic variants of the names. Often difficult, and sometimes it is almost impossible to determine the origin of the names of different peoples because of their phonetic harmony. Derived units themselves become the basis for the emergence of tumors – the phenomenon affected not only the surname of different peoples, but also atastrophic names. For the analysis of onomasticon presented in the article, we used descriptive method: observation, generalization and classification of the material. In semantic reconstruction the etymological method was used analysis taking into account phonetic and word-formative aspects. Identity lexical derivation processes formations the onomasticon dissimilar languages is due to community territory. On which they live in close cooperation Russians and Tatars.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (99) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
NATALIA V. KOZLOVSKAYA ◽  
ALINA S. PAVLOVA

The article deals with the semantic analysis and reveals the peculiarities of the adaptation and functioning of the adjective neologismsderived from a borrowed stemby adding a Russian derivational affix.In the course of the first-stage researchthe thematic classification of the above-mentioned “hybrid” adjectivesis made (the current samplecomprises approximately 200 lexical units).The investigation of the lexical data has shown that the majority of “hybrid” adjectives are derived from English stems and mainly consist of relative adjectives. The article analyses the main derivational patterns in the word-formation of adjectives derived from borrowed nouns and adjectives, and the most productive suffixes are revealed. It is stated that the tendency for adjective derivation from the English stems ending in -ing (the trend which was first observed in the 1990s) has been growing rapidly at the beginning of the 21st century.The analysis of variedlexical data has shown that the functioning of “hybrid” adjectives in the texts different in genre and styleis connected with the phenomenon of variationwhich consists in the difference in root spelling, as well as in the competition between the adjective suffixes. In the concluding part of the article, the authors describe peculiar properties of semantic adaptation which are typical of adjective neologisms derived from loan-word stems.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shandina Megarani ◽  
Jelita Dini

Slang is a language that is used daily and continues to grow due to the development of social media among fan communities. Each fan community has used slang specific to their interests, one of them being the K-Pop fandom. Despite the international growth of the K-Pop fandom and the spread of its cultural influence over recent years, there has been a lack of discussion on the linguistic aspect of its community, on the slang generated and used by its fan community in particular. Therefore, this research aims to expound on how K-Pop fandom slang words found in the drama ‘Her Private Life’ are formed. The study based its theoretical framework on the National Institute of Korean Language’s (2014) classification of new words in Korean based on its wordformation process. Out of the 24 slang words analyzed from the drama ‘Her Private Life’, there are 3 slang words in the form of a single word and 21 slang words in the form of a complex word. In the case of single-word form slang words, all 3 are created through the borrowing process; while complex-word form slang words are mostly created through the blending process, equating to 9 words in total.


Author(s):  
Валентина Юрьевна Кириллова

Данная работа посвящена изучению парных слов, бытующих в языках центральной зоны Волго-Камского языкового союза - чувашском и марийском. Цель исследования - установить общий пласт парных лексических образований в сопоставляемых языках. Материалом исследования послужили списки парных слов, составленные на базе академических лексикографических источников. Работа выполнена в компаративном аспекте. В ее основу положен количественно-качественный подход, позволяющий объективно оценить параметры изучаемого явления. В результате исследования автор делает вывод, что парных слов в чувашском языке более чем в два раза больше, чем в марийском. Такая диспропорция объясняется доминированием в чувашском языке синтаксического способа словообразования в отличие от марийского с его ведущим аффиксальным способом деривации. Автором представлена классификация общего фонда чувашских и марийских парных образований: 1) чувашизмы в марийском языке, отсутствующие в исходном языке;2) чувашизмы в марийском языке, сохраняющиеся в языке-доноре; 3) общие единицы с противоположным расположением компонентов; 4) мариизмы в чувашском языке. В марийском списке парных слов имеются единицы чувашского происхождения, отсутствующие в исходном языке. По этой причине марийский материал может стать новой областью контактологических разысканий, способствующих реконструированию лакунарных аналогичных парных слов в чувашском языке. This work is devoted to the study of paired words that exist in the languages of the central zone of the Volga-Kama language union - Chuvash and Mari. The aim of the research is to establish the common layer of paired lexical formations in the compared languages. The research material was the lists of paired words compiled on the basis of academic lexicographic sources. The work was done in a comparative aspect. It is based on a quantitative and qualitative approach that allows an objective assessment of the parameters of the phenomenon under consideration. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that there are more than two times more paired words in the Chuvash language than in the Mari. This disproportion is due to the dominance of the syntactic way of word formation in the Chuvash language, in contrast to the Mari with its leading affix way of derivation. The author presents the classification of the common fund of the Chuvash and Mari paired formations: 1) Chuvashisms in the Mari language, which are absent in the original language; 2) Chuvashisms in the Mari language, which have been preserved in the donor language; 3) common units with opposite arrangement of components; 4) Mariisms in the Chuvash language. The Mari list of paired words contains the units of Chuvash origin that are absent in the original language. For this reason, the Mari material can become a new area of contactological research, contributing to the reconstruction of similar lacunar paired words in the Chuvash language.


Author(s):  
O. Ye. Tkachuk-Miroshnychenko

The article presents a first assessment of the word-stock of “coronaspeak”-2020 — a new language of the Covid-19 pandemic. The English vocabulary is subjected to constant change due to various extralinguistic factors. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the ‘explosion’ of new words. As of today, “coronaspeak” has over 1,000 words with more units appearing each day. The scale of the expansion is unprecedented, which requires reaction of the linguistic community. The article raises the issue of the classification of the “coronaspeak” word-stock. It argues that facilitated by media and social networks new words are changing their status of nonce words to neologisms, which makes the classification untimely and premature. The word-building analysis of 200 new words of “coronaspeak” allows to conclude that the creation of the new “coronavirus” word-stock applies the structural patterns specific for the English language. These various patterns include semantic change in denotation, derivation, compounding, blending, shortening, The analysis of the “coranaspeak” word-stock has demonstrated that the semantic changes in denotation, in particular the extension and the narrowing of a meaning, are scarce, and, hence, non-productive. Affixation, as a word-forming process, has proved semi-productive with the predominantly noun-forming suffixes. Among a limited number of shortenings we have observed final (apocope) and initial (apheresis) clippings, combined with affixation, by adding the suffix — y. Compounding and blending have proved to be highly productive. According to the part of speech classification, most “coronaspeak” compounds and blends are nouns. Of special interest are a group of “coronapuns”, which have demonstrated pragmatic potential.


2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 11035
Author(s):  
Anna Kaneeva ◽  
Tatyana Bagdasaryan

The article offers a classification of translation techniques based on the analysis of Russian-language titles of foreign films. The choice of film titles as the research material is due to the greatest complexity of their translation in comparison with other texts. this opens up wide opportunities for studying translation transformations as a reflection of the linguistic and cultural specifics of the language. In the name of any film, linguistic and cultural features are understandable only to a native speaker play an important role. However, some must necessarily be translated into another language, while preserving the originality, attractiveness and capacity. All this forces the interpreter to search for and use translation transformations more actively than when working with other texts. The article deals with various types of transformations associated with the need for linguistic and cultural reinterpretation of the text in the cultural space of the recipient country. The use of linguistic and cultural studies allows us to more fully and accurately convey to the consciousness of perceiver the semantic content of the film, starting with its name, taking into account the inclusion of the translation in the cultural archetypes and codes of the native language.


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