Phytochemical Analysis and Inhibitory Effect of Citrus aurantium L. (Bitter Orange) Leaves on some Bacterial Isolates in vitro

Oxidative stress plays a major role in diabetic physiopathology; hence, the interest of using natural antioxidants as therapeutic tools exists. The aim of this study was the evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential of organic extracts from Aristolochia longa roots against key enzymes linked to hyperglycemia. Antioxidant activity was performed using 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The α-Glucosidase and β-Galactosidase inhibitory activities were investigated using an in vitro model. Moreover, phytochemical analysis of tested extracts was carried out. The aqueous fraction of this herb exhibited the highest antioxidant activity for both DPPH and ABTS methods, IC50=125.40±2.40 μg/mL and IC50=65.23±2.49 μg/mL, respectively. However, the ethyl acetate fraction possessed the strongest inhibitory effect towards α-Glucosidase (IC50=1.112±0.026 mg/mL). Furthermore, the result showed high levels of phenolic content. The results showed that this plant could be a significant source of medically important natural compounds.

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α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Phenolic Rich Extracts Obtained from the Seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr.

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2019.22332 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 2964-2968 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nutthamon Prajudtasri ◽

Mongkol Nontakitticharoen ◽

Sujint Anguravirutt

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Antidiabetic Agent ◽

Seed Extracts

The aim of this study was to perform a phytochemical analysis of Melastoma saigonense seed extracts and to determine their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extracts from seeds of M. saigonense indicated that the total phenolic content was in the range between 233.46 and 967.22 mg GAE/g DE, whereas the flavonoids content was in the range between 359.96 and 850.84 mg QE/g DE. The present study of antidiabetic inhibitory activity by in vitro α-glucosidase revealed that the crude extracts using ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BU) and final aqueous residue extracts (AQ) exhibited a strong α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC50 4.42-11.95 μg/mL). The ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr. were further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography into four fractions (EAF1−EAF4) and five fractions (BUF1−BUF5), respectively and their bioactivities were investigated. The nine fractions exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (p < 0.05) with an IC50 between 3.42-34.77 μg/mL which is less than the IC50 for standard acarbose (IC50 = 507.26 μg/mL). Among all the fractions, BUF1 and EAF1 exhibited high inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with BUF1 showing the highest inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.42 μg/mL). The dominant phenolic acids were sinapic, gallic, ferrulic, syringic, gallic and caffeic acids and the prominent flavonoids were myricetin and quercetin. These findings suggest that the seeds of M. saigonense have potential as a source of antidiabetic agent (s).

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Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium Linné) Improves Obesity by Regulating Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis through AMPK Activation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11091988 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1988 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Park ◽

Kim ◽

Jung ◽

Ahn ◽

Kwak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Citrus Aurantium ◽

Brown Adipocytes ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Bitter Orange ◽

Enhancer Binding Protein ◽

Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Obesity is a global health threat. Herein, we evaluated the underlying mechanism of anti-obese features of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium Linné, CA). Eight-week-administration of CA in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice resulted in a significant decrease of body weight, adipose tissue weight and serum cholesterol. In further in vitro studies, we observed decreased lipid droplets in CA-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha indicated CA-inhibited adipogenesis. Moreover, CA-treated primary cultured brown adipocytes displayed increased differentiation associated with elevation of thermogenic factors including uncoupling protein 1 and PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha as well. The effects of CA in both adipocytes were abolished in AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα)-suppressed environments, suggesting the anti-adipogenic and pro-thermogenic actions of CA were dependent on AMPKα pathway. In conclusion, our results suggest CA as a potential anti-obese agent which regulates adipogenesis and thermogenesis via AMPKα.

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The inhibitory activity of plant extracts (Mentha Citrato L. and Citrus aurantium L.) towards some bacteria strains isolated from inflamed gums

Tikrit Journal of Pure Science ◽

10.25130/j.v24i7.909 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Nagham Nseif Jassim ◽

Rashid Hamid Hassan

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Citrus Aurantium ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

High Inhibitory Effect

This study was conducted in Salahaldin for the period from 15/9/2018 to 15/3/2019, to study the inhibitory activity of aqueous and alcoholic (Eth,Meth) extract of Mentha Citrato L. And Citrus aurantium L plants by agar well diffusion method on some bacterial causing gingivitis . including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumonia, were isolated. The results showed that alcohol extracts had a high inhibitory effect on the growth of the bacterial species under study compared to the aqueous extracts. These bacterial isolates were primarily sensitive to the methanolic and ethanolic extract, followed by the hot aqueous extract . The study showed that Mentha Citrato L extract was more effective in inhibiting the growth of bacterial isolates compared to the extracts of the Citrus aurantium L. The inhibitory efficacy of these extracts increased with the concentration of the extract. The concentration was 100 (mg / ml) had a higher inhibitory value than the total concentration Study 20 and 60 (mg / ml) . http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.127

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Vasorelaxant-Mediated Antihypertensive Effect of the Leaf Aqueous Extract from Stephania abyssinica (Dillon & A. Rich) Walp (Menispermaceae) in Rat

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/4730341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Chamberlin Fodem ◽

Elvine Pami Nguelefack-Mbuyo ◽

Magloire Kanyou Ndjenda II ◽

Albert Kamanyi ◽

Télesphore Benoit Nguelefack

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Methylene Blue ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Calcium Release ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Antihypertensive Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis

Stephania abyssinica is a medicinal plant used in Cameroon alternative medicine to treat arterial hypertension (AHT). Previous in vitro studies demonstrated the endothelium nitric oxide-independent vasorelaxant property of the aqueous extract from Stephania abyssinica (AESA). But its effect on AHT is unknown. The present study was undertaken to explore other vasorelaxant mechanisms and to determine the antihypertensive effects of AESA in male Wistar rats. Phytochemical analysis of AESA was carried out using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The vasorelaxant effects of AESA (1-1000 μg/mL) were studied on rat isolated thoracic aorta rings, in the absence or presence of indomethacin (10 μM) or methylene blue (10 μM). The inhibitory effect of AESA on phenylephrine (PE, 10 μM) or KCl- (60 mM) induced contraction as well as the intracellular calcium release was also evaluated. The in vivo antihypertensive activity of AESA (43, 86, or 172 mg/kg/day) or captopril (20 mg/kg/day) administered orally was assessed in L-NAME- (40 mg/kg/day) treated rats. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were measured at the end of each week while serum or urinary nitric oxide (NO), creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined at the end of the 6 weeks of treatment, as well as histological analysis of the heart and the kidney. The LC-MS profiling of AESA identified 9 compounds including 7 alkaloids. AESA produced a concentration-dependent relaxation on contraction induced either by PE and KCl, which was significantly reduced in endothelium-denuded vessels, as well as in vessels pretreated with indomethacin and methylene blue. Moreover, AESA inhibited the intracellular Ca2+ release-induced contraction. In vivo, AESA reduced the AHT, heart rate (HR), and ventricular hypertrophy and increased serum NO, urine creatinine, and GFR. AESA also ameliorated heart and kidney lesions as compared to the L-NAME group. These findings supported the use of AESA as a potential antihypertensive drug.

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Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing Pseudomonas isolates inhibit seed germination and α-amylase activity in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2016141-8859 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. e0802 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Samira Tabatabaei ◽

Parviz Ehsanzadeh ◽

Hassan Etesami ◽

Hossein A. Alikhani ◽

Bernard R. Glick

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The role of plant-associated bacteria in plant physiology and metabolism is well documented, but little has been known about the roles played by Pseudomonas in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) growth and development. An in vitroexperiment was conducted to observe the effect of the inoculation of four indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing Pseudomonas isolates and exogenous IAA on seed germination traits and α-amylase activity of durum wheat. The results showed inoculation with all bacterial isolates led to a decrease in the germination percent, although the extent of the depression varied with the isolate. A significant relationship between concentrations of bacterial IAA and the germination inhibition percent in durum wheat seeds by different bacteria strains was observed. The results of this assay showed the effect of bacterial isolates on α-amylase activity after six and 8 days of inoculation was significant, while effect of these isolates on α-amylase activity after two and 4 days of inoculation was not meaningful. In addition, the exogenously applied IAA displayed a concentration-dependent effect on seed germination attributes and α-amylase activity, consistent with the possibility that the inhibitory effect of bacterial inoculation on seed germination was in consequence of bacteria-produced IAA. Therefore, it may suggested that the inhibitory role of IAA in seed germination and α-amylase activity should be taken into account during the screening of IAA-producing Pseudomonas isolates for durum wheat growth promoting agents.

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In-vitro antibiofilm activity of selected medicinal plants against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on chitin flakes as substrate

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 1595-1603

Author(s):

Rimashree Baishya ◽

Soma Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Cell Counts

The aim of the study is to assess the antibiofilm activity of ethanolic extracts of few Indian traditional herbal plants against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm along with phytochemical analysis of plant extracts and identification of active compounds. Broth micro-dilution method was followed for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) study of the plants against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Chitin was used as a substrate for biofilm formation and antibiofilm activity of plant extract was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of the chitin flakes were analysed to determine the inhibitory effect of the plant extract on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Curcuma longa showed the best antibacterial activities where MIC and MBC were 0.4 mg/ml and 1.60 mg/ml respectively. Viability cell counts of both planktonic and sessile condition of Staphylococcus aureus showed that C.longa ethanolic extract have an antibiofilm activity. The major compounds of C.longa extract was found to be curcumin, which responded for antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. Curcuma longa rhizome and its active compound curcumin can be a potential natural source of antibiofilm agents against infectious biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus.

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Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Tunisian Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantiumL.) Peel and Juice and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/345415 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Iness Jabri karoui ◽

Brahim Marzouk

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Orange Peel ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Citrus Aurantium ◽

Bitter Orange ◽

Methanolic Extracts

Citrus aurantiumpeel and juice aroma compounds were investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), whereas phenolic compounds analysis was performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Limonene was the major volatile compound of bitter orange peel (90.25%) and juice (91.61%). HPLC analysis of bitter orange peel and juice methanolic extracts indicated that phenolic acids constitute their main phenolic class representing 73.80% and 71.25%, respectively, followed by flavonoids (23.02% and 23.13%, resp.).p-Coumaric and ferulic acids were the most abundant phenolic compounds representing 24.68% and 23.79%, respectively, in the peel, while the juice contained 18.02% and 19.04%, respectively. The antioxidant activities of bitter orange peel and juice methanolic extracts have been evaluated using fourin vitroassays, and the results were compared with the standard antioxidants (BHT, BHA, and ascorbic acid). Our findings demonstrated thatCitrus aurantiumpeel and juice possess antioxidant activities which were less effective than those of antioxidant standards. Both extracts may be suggested as a new potential source of natural antioxidant.

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Solanum leaves extracts exhibit antioxidant properties and inhibit monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase activities (in vitro) in Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0256 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Opeyemi B. Ogunsuyi ◽

Adedayo O. Ademiluyi ◽

Ganiyu Oboh

Keyword(s):

Monoamine Oxidase ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Black Nightshade ◽

Alkaloid Extracts ◽

The Tropics

AbstractBackgroundThis study sought to determine the in vitro antioxidant, anti-monoamine oxidase and anticholinesterase properties of extracts (aqueous and alkaloid) of two tropical vegetables from Solanum spp- African eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L) as indices of their neuroprotective properties.MethodsBoth aqueous and alkaloid extracts of African eggplant (AE) and black nightshade (BN) were prepared by solvent extraction according to standard methods. Thereafter, the inhibitory effects of the extracts on monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, as well as their free radical-scavenging and reducing abilities were assessed. Also, phytochemical analysis for phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids were carried out.ResultsThe results showed that the extracts inhibited MAO and AChE activities dose dependently, with aqueous extracts showing significantly higher MAO inhibition that the alkaloid extracts from both samples, but in all, BN showed higher MAO inhibitory effect compared to AE; the reverse was however, observed for AChE inhibition. Furthermore, the aqueous extracts showed significantly higher antioxidant properties than the alkaloid extracts, while BN had higher antioxidant properties compared to AN. The phytochemical analysis also showed that BN had significantly higher amount of phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids than AE.ConclusionsThe anti-monoamine oxidase, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant properties exhibited by extracts from both samples could contribute to their neuroprotective abilities. Thus, these vegetables can be potential sources of functional foods and nutraceuticals in the management of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the tropics.

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Effect of Dipyridamole on Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation in Whole Blood Decreases with the Time After Venepuncture: Evidence for the Role of ADP

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1645978 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 58 (02) ◽

pp. 744-748 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A R Saniabadi ◽

G D O Lowe ◽

J C Barbenel ◽

C D Forbes

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Platelet ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Time Interval ◽

Adp Receptor ◽

Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation

SummarySpontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was studied in human whole blood at 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 minutes after venepuncture. Using a whole blood platelet counter, SPA was quantified by measuring the fall in single platelet count upon rollermixing aliquots of citrated blood at 37° C. The extent of SPA increased with the time after venepuncture, with a correlation coefficient of 0.819. The inhibitory effect of dipyridamole (Dipy) on SPA was studied: (a) 10 μM at each time interval; (b) 0.5-100 μM at 3 and 30 minutes and (c) 15 μM in combination with 100 μM adenosine, 8 μM 2-chloroadenosine (2ClAd, an ADP receptor blocker) and 50 μM aspirin. There was a rapid decrease in the inhibitory effect of Dipy with the time after venepuncture; the correlation coefficient was -0.533. At all the concentrations studied, Dipy was more effective at 3 minutes than at 30 minutes after venepuncture. A combination of Dipy with adenosine, 2ClAd or aspirin was a more effective inhibitor of SPA than either drug alone. However, when 15 μM Dipy and 10 μM Ad were added together, the inhibitory effect of Dipy was not increased significantly, suggesting that Dipy inhibits platelet aggregation independent of Ad. The increase in SPA with the time after venepuncture was abolished when blood was taken directly into the anticoagulant containing 5 μM 2ClAd. It is suggested that ADP released from the red blood cells is responsible for the increased platelet aggregability with the time after venepuncture and makes a serious contribution to the artifacts of in vitro platelet function studies.

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