scholarly journals Survey of Urinary Aflatoxin Levels Among Residents of Makueni County, Kenya: A Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Martin Buuri ◽  
Michael Gicheru ◽  
Joshua Mutiso ◽  
Festus Mulakoli
Keyword(s):  
Food Contamination ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Study Participants

Although fungi are known to be less pathogenic and mostly saprophytic in their nature as compared to other groups of microbes, those that produce aflatoxin have been associated with severe human disease. An example of such disease is Aflatoxicosis caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi of the species Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. They produce a mycotoxin substance that is carcinogenic to the human liver with severe outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine urinary aflatoxin levels among the residents of Makueni County, previously affected by Aflatoxicosis. This was a cross-sectional study that involved the use of primary data collected from 106 participants. The method for data collection included a structured questionnaire and the collection of the urine samples for aflatoxin M1 analysis at Bora Biotech Laboratories LTD. The urinary levels of AFM1 were detected by use of an ELISA kit. Data was entered in SPSS and analysed through Chi-Square for the association. The study participants, including both male and female, had an age of between 15 and 91 years and with an average age of 41±18. Out of the 106 study participants, n=68 (72%) were females and n=26 (28%) were males. Majority of the study participants were with a median age of 24 years old. AFM1 levels were detected in 99.1% % of all urine samples at a range of 25-2337 pg./ml. The mean and median concentration of AFM1 in urine was 637.6 ± 512.7and 525 pg./mL, respectively. The results of this study provide information on the current situation of aflatoxin exposure. From what is evident from our study a lot needs to be done to mitigate on the long-term effect of this high exposure.  Therefore, the study encourages the concerned ministry to have a broader focus on the extent of aflatoxin food contamination from this region plus other regions across the country.

scholarly journals Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Yulaeka Yulaeka
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Chi Square Test

Anemia is a condition when the levels of hemoglobin and erythrocytes are lower than normal. The normal value of hemoglobin in women is 12 -16 g / dl with erythrocytes from 3.5 to 4.5 jt / mm3. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and Anemia of teenage girl. This research is analytic with cross sectional study design. The samples taken are 66 teenage girls, chosen by quote sampling. The data of this research used primary data obtained through checking up of body mass index and hemoglobin level. The data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis used Chi-square test. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between nutritional status and Anemia (p value 0.001).

scholarly journals The Relationship between Type and Frequency of Online Food Ordering With Obesity in Students of Medan Area University

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Laila Apriani Hasanah Harahap ◽  
Evawany Aritonang ◽  
Zulhaida Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Online food ordering is a food delivery service through applications that are obtained quickly and safely. This is related to obesity. This type of research uses a descriptive type of study, with a cross sectional study design. This research was conducted at Medan, Medan University with 83 samples taken using purposive sampling method. The data used are primary data obtained based on measurements of student weight and height, recall and food frequency are analyzed by chi- square test. The results of the study showed that there was a correlation between the frequency of online food ordering with obesity (p <0.001) and there was no correlation between the types of food and obesity (p = 0.099) in the students of Medan Area University. To deal with the problem of obesity, it is easy to get access to online food ordering.

scholarly journals A survey of kinesiophobia as a correlate of lower limb function in patients with lower extremity fractures during inpatient post-operative rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Ajediran I Bello ◽  
Love Kanebi ◽  
Fidelis T Iyor ◽  
Babatunde O A Adegoke
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Lower Limb Function

Background: The rehabilitation phase of patients with lower extremity fractures (LEF) is often hindered post-operatively by fear of moving (kinesiophobia) with consequent deconditioning and declining of functions. Profiling the prevalence of kinesiophobia and its association with demographic variables could become useful during the rehabilitation process. Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of kinesiophobia and its correlation with lower limb functions among patients with LEF post-operatively. Methods: One-hundred and nine (n = 109) patients [male = 79 (72.50%)] with mean age of 41.83 ± 17.37 yr. participated in the cross-sectional study. Participants with LEF who had either undergone closed reduction and immobilization or open reduction with internal or external fixation were recruited into this study using convenience sampling during the rehabilitation phase at the orthopaedic wards of two tertiary healthcare facilities in Accra. Data collection was performed using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s Rho correlation coefficient and Chi-square tests at p < 0.05.Results: Seventy-nine (72.50%) of the participants exhibited kinesiophobia based on their TSK scores (≥37). The TSK scores were significantly inversely correlated with participants’ lower limb function (r = -0.345; p < 0.001). Participants’ sex as well as the causes, types and sites of the fractures sustained had no significant association (p > 0.050) with the level of kinesiophobia. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of kinesiophobia which negatively correlated with LEF but was not associated with the type, site, and cause of fracture as well as the participants’ sex. Mitigating kinesiophobia should always be considered an integral rehabilitation goal for in-patients with LEF.

scholarly journals Assessment of awareness and attitude towards counterfeit medicines among pharmacy professionals working in community drug retail outlets in Harar town, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Eklas Abdunasir ◽  
Teshome Sosengo ◽  
Frehiwot Amare ◽  
Mohammed Yimam ◽  
Bisrat Hagos
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Counterfeit Medicines ◽  
Counterfeit Medicine ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Counterfeit medicines are drugs which are deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled with respect to identity and/or source. According to the WHO 2017 report, about 1% of prescribed medicines in the developed world and about 10-50% in parts of the developing world are estimated to be counterfeits. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of pharmacy profes-sionals towards counterfeit medicines in Harar town. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among pharmacy professionals found in Harar town, East Ethiopia. All pharmacy professionals working in community drug retail outlets of Harar town was included in the study. Accordingly, 92 pharmacy professionals were included in the study. The data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared in English language. Data was coded, entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sci-ence version 22. Then chi-square(x2) test was performed to determine there exists association of so-cio-demographic characters, profession and year of service towards awareness and attitude about counterfeit medicines was investigated using. Result: A total of 92 respondents were included in the study. The majority, 76 (82.6%), of the study participants had information about counterfeit medicine. The 26(28.3%), 42(45.7%) and 24(26%) of the respondents replied that counterfeit medicines have problem of efficacy, safety and cause eco-nomic problem on sellers of genuine drugs respectively. Majority of the study of the study partici-pants were not aware of a way of identification of counterfeit medicines, with only 18(19.6%), 47(51.1%) and 27(29.3%), replied that counterfeit medicines can be identified by its effect, inspec-tion and cost respectively. Majority of the respondents, 60(65.2%), responded that pharmacy profes-sional that knowingly dispense counterfeit medicine are business man /women. Most of the re-spondents, 66(71.7%), replied that pharmacy professionals carry out the business of counterfeit medicines transaction because of big profit obtained from such an activity. gender, profession and year of service in serving as pharmacy professional was found to be significantly associated with awareness towards counterfeit medicines, (p<0.05). Conclusion: Significant proportion of the study participants were not aware of the problems associ-ated with counterfeit medicines as efficacy, safety and economic problems. Majority of the respond-ents still are unaware about ways of identification of counterfeit medicines as inspection, by effica-cy and cost. Keywords: Counterfeit medicines; Awareness; Attitude; Professionals; Drug retail outlets

scholarly journals A National Survey to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Conspiracy Beliefs, Acceptability, Preference, and Willingness to Pay among the General Population of Pakistan

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Muhammad Subhan Arshad ◽  
Iltaf Hussain ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Khezar Hayat ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Participants

The current study aims to assess the beliefs of the general public in Pakistan towards conspiracy theories, acceptance, willingness to pay, and preference for the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire during January 2021. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was utilized for statistical data analysis. A total of 2158 respondents completed the questionnaire, among them 1192 (55.2%) were male with 23.87 (SD: ±6.23) years as mean age. The conspiracy beliefs circulating regarding the COVID-19 vaccine were believed by 9.3% to 28.4% of the study participants. Among them, 1040 (48.2%) agreed to vaccinate on its availability while 934 (43.3%) reported the Chinese vaccine as their preference. The conspiracy beliefs of the participants were significantly associated with acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The existence of conspiracy beliefs and low vaccine acceptance among the general population is a serious threat to successful COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals Differences in The Proportion of Factors Related to Occupational Stress on Inspired Nurses During The Covid-19 Draw at Islamic Hospital in Jakarta Pondok Kopi in 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 515-530
Author(s):  
Astri Ulistrianingsih ◽  
Munaya Fauziah ◽  
Triana Srisantyorini
Keyword(s):  
Work Stress ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inpatient Nurses

The American National Association for Occupational Health (ANAOH) places the incidence of work stress in nurses at the top of the forty-first on job stress. Work stress experienced by nurses is very detrimental to themselves and the hospital because it can make nurses suffer from fatigue, be rude, anxious, increase blood pressure, decrease self-confidence, increase feelings of dissatisfaction, and can reduce work productivity for nurses. This study was conducted to determine the difference in proportion factors associated with work stress on inpatient nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Pondok Kopi Jakarta Islamic Hospital. Cross-sectional study design with primary data distributed through a questionnaire. The sample is 73 people the sampling is done by incidental sampling. Data analysis used chi-square test (α = 0.05). In this study in the proportion of stress, namely the age of 40 years as many as 28 people (70.0%), female sex as many as 44 (68.8%), married marital status as many as 34 (66.7%), and working years > 6 years as many as 31 (66.0%), heavy workload as much as 50 (70.4%), shift work in the morning shift as much as 37 (63.8%), poor interpersonal relations as much as 44 (86.3%) and who have a UMR salary of 40 (67.8%). The risk factors studied were not related to the incidence of stress in inpatient nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Pondok Kopi Jakarta Islamic Hospital in 2021. It is expected to be input in taking action in anticipating work stress among nurses so that it can improve the performance of nurses in applying quality nursing care.

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN MAKROSOMIA DI RSUD SAWERIGADING PALOPO

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susianti Asry
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Approach

Background: infant with macrosomia is a baby weighing more than 4,500 grams or for Indonesia if the baby weighs 4,000 grams, or more than two standard deviations or above 90 years of normal weight percentile. Objective: to find out the factors associated with macrosomia occurrences at Sawerigading Regional Hospital of Palopo City in 2017. Method: This study used an analytical survey using Cross Sectional Study approach. The population of this study was all maternal mothers who gave birth with baby’s weight more than 4000 grams recorded in register book of Sawerigading Regional Hospital of Palopo City from January to March 2017 accounting for 30 babies. The samples of this study was maternal mothers who gave birth with baby’s weight more than 4000 grams in whcih accounting for 30 respondents using total sampling technique. Data collection was through primary data (questionnaires) and secondary data. The data were processed using statistical product and service solution (SPSS) 20 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate with Chi-square statistical test and presented in the tabular form of frequency distribution. Result: there was a relationship between diabetes melitus and macrosomia incidences (p Value = 0,005 ˂,034), there was a relationship between heredity and macrosomia occurrences (p Value = ,034 &lt;0,05), and there was a relationship between multiparity and macrosomia (p Value = ,011 &lt;0,05). Conclusion: there was a relationship between heredity, multiparity and diabetes mellitus with macrosomia occurrences at Sawerigading Palopo General Hospital in 2017

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Dysmenorrhea in Female Teenagers

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ainun Zulkiah Surur ◽  
Melda Putri ◽  
Asdar Fajrin Multazam
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Female Teenagers

Dysmenorrhea is a problem experienced by more than 50% of women in each country. Pain occurs in the lower abdomen, sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, dizziness and mood changes. This condition causes an increase in absenteeism in school, disruption in learning activities that affects achievements in academic and nonacademic fields. One factor that is often associated with the incidence of dysmenorrhea is an abnormal body mass index (overweight and underweight). This study aims to determine the relationship of body mass index with the degree of pain menstruation (dysmenorrhea) in young women in SMA Negeri 21 Makassar. This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 110 respondents based on the purposive sampling method and carried out in February-March 2019. The data taken is primary data through measurements of body mass index based on body weight and height. After that, a normal, overweight and underweight grouping is done. Measurement of menstrual pain level is done using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed using Chi square test and the value of p = 0.00 was obtained. From this results, significant conclusions can be drawn because the value of p < 0.05 indicates that there is a significant relationship between body mass index and degree of menstrual pain (dysmenorrhoea) in young women in SMA Negeri 21 Makassar. Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, Body Mass Index, Adolescent

scholarly journals Advancing Age as a Risk Factor for Acute Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Aisha Bashir ◽  
Asma Salam ◽  
Aasia Kanwal
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death in developed and developing countries. Age is an important non-modifiable risk factor for acute myocardial infarction. Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore the relationship of advancing age with the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 after getting approval from Institutional Review board of University of Health Sciences, Lahore. Written informed consent and thorough history was taken from the study participants. Group 1 included 45 AMI patients aged 20-60 years. Group 2 included 45 healthy individuals aged 20-60 years. Independent sample t test and chi-square tests were applied for analysis of data. Results: Mean age was significantly higher in AMI patients (50.52±7.31) as compared to healthy controls (30.67±7.20). The risk of AMI increases with advancing age (p<0.001, OR= 2.78). Conclusions: Advancing age is an important risk factor for acute myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practices of recording and maintaining patients ‘dental records among private dental practitioners of Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e214995
Author(s):  
Gurkiran Kaur ◽  
Abhishek Mehta ◽  
Aastha Sahani ◽  
Shradha Malik
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dental Records ◽  
Study Participants

Proper recording and keeping dental records are an important part of any dental practice. It helps in improving patient care, has medico-legal importance and play significant role in human identification during mass disasters or criminal offences. Aim: To assess the knowledge and practices of recording and maintaining patients ‘records among private dental practitioners of Delhi, India. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study was collected from 160 dentists of Delhi using a self-administered questionnaire. The face and content validity as well as reliability of questionnaire was tested before the final data collection. A single trained examiner collected all the necessary information via personal visits or google forms. Chi-square test was applied to check the statistically significant difference between the dichotomous independent variables with respect to study participants’ responses to the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 34.5 (SD 7.2) years.Digital method of recording patient’s data and x-ray storage was more prevalent than manual method among the study participants. Slightly more than 40% of the dentists were keeping patient’s records safe for a period of 6 to 10 years. Younger dentists with lesser years of practice were more explicit in recording and correcting patient records. Conclusion: Results of this study shows that private dental practitioners of Delhi are aware of medico-legal importance of dental records. Most of them were recording important findings and history of their patients. Dentists must be educated in two aspects namely correct method of recording and the ideal duration of storing their patients’ dental records.

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