scholarly journals Representasi Ketidakadilan Gender Dalam Cerita Dari Blora Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer: Kajian Feminisme

ATAVISME ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
Yenni Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pramoedya Ananta Toer ◽  
Public World ◽  
Career Woman ◽  
Women Writer ◽  
Key Words Gender

Ketidakadilan gender yang dialami oleh perempuan tergambar dalam karya sastra, tidak saja yang dikarang oleh perempuan, tetapi juga karya sastra yang dikarang oleh pengarang laki­laki. Dalam Cerita dari Blora karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer, ketidakadilan gender itu sangat terlihat yang meliputi; marginalisasi, subordinasi, stereotip, dan kekerasan. Dalam Cerita dari Blora karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer, ketidakadilan gender berupa beban kerja ganda tidak ditemukan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh belum banyaknya kaum perempuan yang berkiprah di dunia publik pada masa cerita ini dibuat, artinya belum banyak perempuan yang mempunyai pendidikan yang memadai sehingga layak dipekerjakan di luar rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, tidak ada perempuan yang digambarkan memegang peran ganda, baik sebagai ibu rumah tangga maupun sebagai pekerja (wanita karier). Abstract: Gender inequality experienced by women is reflected in literary works, not only those written by women writer but also those written by men writer. In Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Cerita Dari Blora, gender inequalities are very clearly seen; those are marginalization, subordination, stereotype, and cruelty. However, double­working load is not found in this novel. It means that only few women working in the public world when this story was made. Also, those who were educated women were still rare so that they just hold the role of housekeeper. Therefore, there is no woman holding double role both as a housewife and a career woman. Key Words: gender inequality, marginalization, subordination, stereotype, cruelty

scholarly journals Cerita Tuung Kuning: Sebuah Kajian Kritik Feminis

ATAVISME ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Cokorda Istri Sukrawati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Feminist Literary Criticism ◽  
Daily Behavior ◽  
Key Words Gender ◽  
Numerous Work

Perbedaan gender sesungguhnya tidak menjadi masalah sepanjang tidak melahirkan ketidakadilan gender. Ketidakadilan gender termanifestasikan dalam berbagai bentuk, seperti marginalisasi, subordinasi, pembentukan stereotipe melalui pelabelan negatif, kekerasan, beban kerja lebih panjang dan lebih banyak, serta sosialisasi ideologi nilai peran gender yang umumnya ditanggung dan dibebankan pada wanita. Semua hal itu digunakan untuk mewahanai kritik sastra feminis, khususnya mengenai citra wanita dalam cerita Tuung Kuning. Citra wanita yang dimaksud adalah semua gambaran atau lukisan mental spiritual dan tingkah laku keseharian wanita. Wanita dalam karya­karya sastra Bali dilukiskan dalam berbagai citra yang pada dasarnya menunjukkan inferioritas wanita. Dalam kajian cerita Tuung Kuning, citra wanita yang paling menonjol adalah “wanita sebagai korban kesewenangan laki­laki”. Abstract: The gender difference is not really a problem as long as they do not deliver gender inequality. Gender inequality is manifested in various forms, such as marginalization, stereotyping through the formation of negative labeling, violence, longer and more numerous work load, and dissemination of the ideology of gender roles generally incurred and charged to women. All of those are used to drive feminist literary criticism, particularly on women image in the story of Tuung Kuning. The women image in this story is all kinds of an idea or mental illustration of the spiritual and daily behavior of women. Women in Balinese literature are illustrated in various images which essentially demonstrates women inferiorism. In the study of the Tuung Kuning story, the most prominent image of women is “women as victims of male tyranny”. Key Words: gender, marginalization, violence, and women

scholarly journals Role of the public university in the labor market of its graduates

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Nicolás Barragán Codina
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Public University ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
The Public ◽  
The University ◽  
Daily Occupation

Key Words: Graduates, education institutions, labor market, universityAbstract. The market labor for the University graduates has become one of the top issues in academic daily occupation. Education institutions must understand that they had to be part of the occupational efforts made by its graduates. When I was teaching in Germany, the university official told and make very clear that I must not talk about the entrepreneurship sprit to the students; “there is a greart unemployment out there, there is no job available for our students, our only commitment is give them education, find a job is on their own”. Doing nothing to help them to relocate in the labor market, is worst, and I consider is our job to.Palabras claves: Graduados, instituciones educativas, mercado de trabajo, unviersidadesResumen. La colocación en el marcado laboral para los graduados de las universidades se ha convertido en un de los puntos mas importantes de las agendas de trabajo de las instituciones educativas. Las Universidades y las Instituciones Educativas deben comprender que tiene que ser parte de los esfuerzos de colocación en el mercado de trabajo que llevan a cabo sus graduados. Cuando me encontraba en Alemania dando clases, las autoridades de la Escuela de Pedagogía, me dejaron bien claro al advertirme que no debería de hablar a los estudiantes sobre el espíritu emprendedor: “existe por ahora un gran desempleo aquí, básicamente no hay trabajo para nuestro estudiantes, nuestra único compromiso es educarlos, buscar trabajo es por su cuenta”. No hacer nada para ayudarlos a colocarse en el mercado de trabajo es lo peor, y debe aun, ser considerado nuestra responsabilidad.

scholarly journals Role of Career Women in Families: (Study of the Existence of Career Women in Families in Balunijuk Village)

Society ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Herdiyanti Herdiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Career Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Career Woman

The existence of women over the time in transition or shift from traditional to modern. The role of the woman who used to be adopted only capable of working in the domestic realm, but this time she is able to develop itself in the public sphere. This raises the existence of variants of interest, between the domestic and the public sphere. This study used a qualitative research method with case study approach. The theory used in this research is by using the concept of rational choice of James Coleman. The purpose of this research is to describe the existence of a career woman in the family. These results indicate that the existence of career women in the public sphere in the family recognized for their collective agreement concluded between career women with families. Mainly deal agreed with her husband and children. But the deal does not diminish the responsibility of working women in the domestic sphere. Career woman in the village Balunijuk not neglect its role as a housewife and also as a career woman. Role between domestic and public balanced and collaborate.

scholarly journals RESPONS TOKOH ORMAS ISLAM TERHADAP PERAN PUBLIK PEREMPUAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Siti Halimah ◽  
Humaidah Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Institutional Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Role ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
North Sumatra

<p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Studi ini menelaah respons organisasi keagamaan di Sumatera Utara: Al Washliyah, Al Ittihadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama dan Muhammadiyah, terhadap peran publik perempuan. Bagaimana agama dan budaya dimaknai serta dipraktikkan pada tataran empiris dalam bentuk norma, fatwa dan sikap. Penelitian ini menemukan perkembangan signifikan fatwa kebebasan peran publik perempuan. Pada level fatwa respons ormas Islam di Sumatera Utara memperlihatkan aspek keterbukaan dan pem-baharuan. Fatwa telah merespons persoalan-persoalan praktis di samping persoalan hukum. Meskipun terdapat varian pemikiran tentang peran publik perempuan, tetapi secara kelembagaan respons tersebut menjadi bagian upaya pemecahan permasalahan relasi gender. Temuan ini menjadi pemikiran kritis bagi kalangan yang berpandangan bahwa isu ketimpangan gender dalam Islam bersumber dari pandangan ulama yang tidak sensitif gender.</p><p><strong>Abstract: The Responses of Islamic Societal Organization Figures Towards Women’s Public Role</strong>. This study focuses on the response of such religious organizations in North Sumatra as Al Washliyah, Al Ittihadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, towards women’s public role. This study also analyses the extent to which religion and culture could be interpreted and practiced at an empirical level in the form of norms, fatwas and attitudes. This study found the significant fatwa developments in the freedom of women’s public roles. At the fatwa level the response of Islamic organizations in North Sumatra shows the openness aspects and renewal. Fatwa has responded to practical issues in addition to legal issues. Although there are thought variants about the public role of women, the institutional response is part of efforts to solve gender relations problems. This finding is being a critical thinking for those who believe that the issue of gender inequality in Islam comes from the views of scholars who are not snsitive to gender.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> feminisme, fatwa, sosio-kultural, perempuan, ormas Islam, gender</p><p> </p>

Prove generali di riforma del lavoro pubblico

2009 ◽  
pp. 239-262
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity ◽  
General Perspective

- The essay deals with the most controversial issues of the so-called "Brunetta law of delegation", which aims at reforming the regulation of employment in the public sector. Taking into consideration the numerous requests for a review of the sources of regulation in this field, the reform strengthens the role of statutes, while decreases the role of collective bargaining, especially at the local level. The reform intervenes on the sensitive relationship between political and administrative power as well, in order to enhance management independence and to invest management with responsibility to reach efficiency and productivity, even through a stronger use of disciplinary measures. Public administration transparency and accountability is another important issue of this reform. In particular, the aim is to get involved citizens and customers in the first hand through measures - even at the judicial level - which might boost the most inefficient and uncommitted sectors. From a general perspective, this reform is noteworthy as it tries to introduce elements of renewal and to upgrade the public sector. Nevertheless, the proposed measures seem rough and not well-assessed, leading to solutions that often appear demagogic and unable to introduce elements of concrete renewal.Key words: Employment in the Public S ector; Collective Bargaining; Management; Transparency; Incentives; Sanctions.Parole chiave: Lavoro pubblico; Contrattazione collettiva; Dirigenza; Trasparenza; Incentivi; Sanzioni.

scholarly journals Perspektif Gender Dalam Novel Kapak Karya Dewi Linggarsari

ATAVISME ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
Fitria Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Good Education ◽  
Key Words Gender

This research aims to analyze the gender perspective in Kapak, written by Dewi Linggarsari, by using feminist literary criticism.The gender perspective found in this novel is about the existence of both gender inequality and equality experienced by the female characters, i.e. Mika, Yemnen, and dr. Astrid. The gender inequality is obvious when women are considered as weak human beings; it causes subordination and violence. Meanwhile, gender equality can be found in women’s struggle against the oppression through custom rules and education. By having good education, women can fight against gender inequality in their environment. This proves that women are not weak human beings who always become the subjects of men’s violence. They can even give contributions and benefits to their surroundings or help other women who are being the victims of their husbands’ violence. Key Words: gender inequality; gender equality; subordination; violence; education Abstrak: Tulisan ini mengkaji perspektif gender yang terdapat dalam novel Kapak (2005) karya Dewi Linggarsari dengan menggunakan kritik sastra feminis. Perspektif gender yang ditemukan adalah adanya ketidakadilan dan kesetaraaan gender yang dialami tokoh wanita Mika, Yemnen, dan dokter Astrid. Ketidakadilan gender terlihat saat wanita dianggap sebagai makhluk yang lemah, yang menyebabkan terjadinya subordinasi dan kekerasan. Sementara itu, kesetaraan gender terlihat dari adanya persamaan hak bagi kaum wanita dengan adanya aturan adat yang melindungi wanita dan pendidikan bagi wanita. Wanita bukanlah makhluk lemah yang hanya dijadikan korban kekerasan laki‐laki, melainkan makhluk yang kuat dan pemberani serta mampu membantu memperbaiki nasib kaum wanita yang menjadi korban kekerasan suaminya.

scholarly journals PERAN GANDA IBU RUMAH TANGGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN EKONOMI KELUARGA

Sarwahita ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Widya Parimita ◽  
Munawaroh ◽  
Intan Maulida Rizaldy Rizaldy
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
State University ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Career Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Online Business ◽  
Career Woman

Many women today have two roles at the same time, the domestic role in charge of taking care of the household and the role of the public who are in charge outside the home or work to meet the needs of family life. The dual role as a woman in this case must be handled wisely and must maximize her duties in both aspects. The partners of this program are representatives of education personnel of The State University of Jakarta with a female gender. The purpose of this devotion is for women to have an overview and input about online business and to invite partners to become independent women through dual roles as housewives and maximize their ability to help the family economy in online business activities as career women. Classic methods with lecture and discussion approaches are applied in this activity. The end result achieved from this activity is increased motivation and knowledge of partners to double role, namely becoming a housewife and becoming a career woman through online business activities.   Abstrak Perempuan masa kini banyak yang memiliki dua peran sekaligus, yakni peran domestik yang bertugas mengurus rumah tangga dan peran publik yang bertugas di luar rumah atau bekerja untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup keluarga. Peran ganda sebagai perempuan dalam hal ini harus disikapi dengan bijak serta harus memaksimalkan tugasnya dikedua aspek tersebut. Mitra program ini adalah perwakilan tenaga kependidikan Universitas Negeri Jakarta berjenis kelamin perempuan. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini agar wanita mempunyai gambaran dan masukan tentang bisnis online serta untuk mengajak mitra menjadi wanita yang mandiri melalui peran ganda sebagai ibu rumah tangga dan memaksimalkan kemampuan yang dimilikinya untuk membantu perekonomian keluarga dalam kegiatan bisnis online sebagai wanita karir. Metode klasikal dengan pendekatan ceramah dan diskusi diterapkan dalam kegiatan ini. Hasil akhir yang dicapai dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya motivasi dan pengetahuan mitra untuk berperan ganda yaitu menjadi ibu rumah tangga serta menjadi wanita karir melalui kegiatan bisnis online.

scholarly journals Religion and gender inequality: The status of women in the societies of world religions

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Klingorová ◽  
Tomáš Havlíček
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
World Religions ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

Abstract The status of women in society is very diverse worldwide. Among many important traits associated with the differentiation of gender inequality is religion, which itself must be regarded as a fluid concept with interpretations and practices ‘embedded’ and thus varying with respect to cultural and historical relations. Admitting the complexity of the issues, some religious norms and traditions can contribute to the formation of gender inequalities and to subordinate the role of women in society. Using an exploratory quantitative analysis, the influence of religiosity on gender inequality in social, economic and political spheres is examined. Three categories of states have emerged from the analysis: (a) states where the majority of inhabitants are without religious affiliation, which display the lowest levels of gender inequality; (b) Christian and Buddhist societies, with average levels of gender inequality; and (c) states with the highest levels of gender inequality across the observed variables, whose inhabitants adhere to Islam and Hinduism.

scholarly journals THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS AS A UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana HAJDINI ◽  
◽  
Ada GUVEN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Key Words ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Pursuit Of Happiness ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Public ◽  
Institutional Resources

The article aims to give a brief review of the concept of the pursuit of happiness, its’ meaning and the role of individuals and the state that can contribute to the achievement of individual happiness by providing the legal, financial, and institutional resources. Further the article analyze the first constitutions that specifically foreseen the pursue of happiness in their provisions and argued that constantly remind the public institutions of the intentions in respecting the natural, unalienable, and sacred human rights that are necessary for the maintenance of order and the happiness of all. In the last part of the article we have studied some of the modern European constitutions and concluded that in difference from the Declarations of two centuries before, the term of happiness has been replaced with a list of rights that implicitly oblige governments to secure to all of its’ citizens extended quality of happiness. Key words: pursuit of happiness, human rights, constitution

scholarly journals Citraan Perlawanan Simbolis Terhadap Hegemoni Patriarki Melalui Pendidikan dan Peran Perempuan di Arena Publik dalam Novel-Novel Indonesia

ATAVISME ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Wiyatmi Wiyatmi
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Feminist Literary Criticism ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Women's Emancipation ◽  
Intensive Education

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap gambaran perlawanan simbolis terhadap hegemoni patriarki melalui pendidikan dan peran perempuan di arena publik dalam novel-novel Indonesia dengan kritik sastra feminis. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, secara purposif dipilih sejumlah novel periode 1920 sampai 1980-an yang secara intens mengangkat isu pendidikan bagi perempuan dan peran perempuan di ranah publik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perlawanan terhadap hegemoni patriarki dalam bentuk perjuangan para perempuan untuk mendapatkan kesempatan menempuh pendidikan yang masih digunakan untuk mempersiapkan tugas-tugas domestiknya, sebagai ibu rumah tangga (Azab dan Sengsara dan Sitti Nurbaya), pendidikan bagi perempuan yang mempersiapkan dirinya ke dalam pekerjaan di sektor publik, terutama sebagai guru (Layar Terkembang, Kehilangan Mestika, Widyawati, dan Manusia Bebas), yang dilanjutkan dengan masuknya perempuan terpelajar tersebut dalam organisasi perempuan untuk memperjuangan emansipasi perempuan dan perjuangan menuju kemerdekaan Indonesia (Layar Terkembang, Manusia Bebas, dan Burung-burung Manyar). Abstract: This study is aimed at exposing the depiction of symbolic resistance of patriarchal domination through education and the role of women in public domain and in the novels of Indonesia by feminist literary criticism. To achieve these objectives, a number of novel from 1920 until 1980s that raised the issue of intensive education for women and the role of women in the public domain were purposively selected. The result shows the resistance to the hegemony of patriarchy in the form of women’s struggle to get a chance to still use their education to prepare for domestic tasks, as housewives (Kehilangan Mestika and Sitti Nurbaya), education for women who are preparing themselves to work in a public sector, primarily as a teacher (Layar Terkembang, Kehilangan Mestika, Widyawati, and Manusia Bebas), continuing with the entry of women educated in women’s organizations to women’s emancipation and the struggle towards independence of Indonesia (Layar Terkembang, Manusia Bebas, and Burung-burung Manyar). Key Words: symbolic resistance, patriarch, novel

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