scholarly journals Establishment and Growth of Begonias in the Landscape as Affected by Root Ball Condition at Transplanting

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
S.M. Scheiber ◽  
Richard C. Beeson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Canopy Size ◽  
Begonia Semperflorens

Abstract Begonias (Begonia semperflorens) were transplanted into an open-sided clear polyethylene covered shelter to evaluate the effect of root ball condition on establishment and growth. Three root ball classes were evaluated: non root-bound (NRB; 6 week old plants), root-bound (RB; 10 week old plants), and root-bound with the bottom 1 cm of the root ball removed (RBM). Non root-bound plants had greater growth rates for both height and faster rates of accumulation for cumulative root dry mass and new root dry mass relative to the other treatments tested. Cumulative shoot dry mass, new shoot dry mass, and total biomass accumulation rates were slower among RB plants compared to other rootball conditions. Mean canopy size, shoot dry mass, and biomass of NRB were significantly less at transplant; however all parameters were comparable among treatments 12 weeks later. Final mean shoot to root ratios were lower for the NRB treatment relative to RBM. Results indicate smaller, NRB transplants establish faster in the landscape. Furthermore, rootball manipulation is not recommended as it had no significant effect on root establishment or canopy growth of this annual bedding plant in the landscape.

scholarly journals Pre-transplant Root Ball Condition Influences Growth of Plumbago During Establishment

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Vyapari ◽  
S.M. Scheiber ◽  
E.L. Thralls
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Canopy Size

Three root ball conditions—nonroot-bound (NRB), root-bound (RB), and root-bound sliced (RBS)—were evaluated for their effect on plant growth of plumbago (Plumbago auriculata) during establishment and postestablishment in the landscape. At transplant, NRB plants were smaller than other treatments. Canopy size, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and total biomass growth rates were faster for NRB plants compared with RB or RBS. By 6 and 8 weeks after transplanting, respectively, biomass and canopy size were similar among treatments. Rootbound and RBS plants were similar indicating root ball slicing does not affect growth in the landscape.

Growth and secondary production of Paracapnia angulata Hanson (Plecoptera; Capniidae) in Appalachian streams affected by acid precipitation

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Griffith ◽  
Sue A. Perry ◽  
William B. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biomass Ratio ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Appalachian Streams

Paracapnia angulata in West Virginia occurs in headwater streams that range in pH from 4.5 to 7.5. It is representative of a number of species of Plecoptera, which often increase in abundance in acidic streams because they are tolerant of low pH and related changes in water quality associated with acid precipitation. We compared growth rates and secondary production of P. angulata in four streams, SFR, WS4, WS3, and HSR, in which mean streamwater pH was 4.26, 5.99, 6.07, and 7.48, respectively. Mean specific growth rates, in terms of dry mass for P. angulata, were higher in the two neutral streams than in the more alkaline stream or the acidic stream. Secondary production of P. angulata was highest in the acidic stream SFR, 106.2 ± 16.4 mg∙m−2∙yr−1 (mean ± 2 SE), and was 34.0 ± 12.1 mg∙m−2∙yr−1 in WS4, 32.7 ± 3.8 mg∙m−2∙yr−1 in WS3, and 35.4 ± 3.6 mg∙m−2∙yr−1 in HSR. The increased secondary production of P. angulata was related to greater mean abundance and biomass in SFR; and the production/biomass ratio for this acidic stream was lower than for the other streams.

scholarly journals Growth of yacon under artificial shading

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Ariany das Graças Teixeira ◽  
Fábio Luiz de Oliveira ◽  
Tiago P Mendes ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cavatte ◽  
Magno do C Parajara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Artificial Shading

ABSTRACT Yacon is a tuberous root cultivated in mild climate regions with high altitudes, but the crop shows the capacity to develop at low altitudes. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth rates and the partition of photoassimilates in yacon plants under different levels of artificial shading. The experiment was conducted in four shading levels (0%, 30%, 50% and 70%), and seven monthly harvests in a completely randomized design. We evaluated the accumulation of total dry mass on the whole plant and its parts; leaf area; leaf area ratio; leaf mass fraction; stem mass fraction; rhizophores mass fraction; tuberous roots mass fraction; estimates of relative growth rate, absolute growth, and net assimilation. The lower accumulation of total dry biomass and the lowest growth rates indicate that conditions of noticeable light restriction (70% shading) restrict the growth of yacon. Yacon plants grown under moderate shading levels (30 to 50%) showed greater capacity of accumulation of total biomass, directing part of this biomass to the tuberous roots, which directly reflects gains in the agronomic productivity of this crop, indicating that yacon has the potential to be associated with other crops, which promote a moderate shading.

scholarly journals Ethephon Substrate Drenches Inhibit Stem Extension of Floriculture Crops

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1312-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Miller ◽  
Neil S. Mattson ◽  
Xiaorong Xie ◽  
Danghui Xu ◽  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] is a plant growth regulator that releases ethylene on application and can abort flowers, stimulate branching, and inhibit stem elongation. Although ethephon is used as a foliar spray during the commercial production of many ornamental crops, its effectiveness as a drench has not been widely investigated. We performed experiments to quantify the effects of an ethephon drench on growth and flowering of a range of bedding plant and Narcissus cultivars and to assess the effect of lime on ethylene release from a peat substrate. A substrate drench of 0, 100, 250, or 500 mg·L−1 ethephon was applied to 12 potted Narcissus cultivars at one location, and up to 200 mg·L−1 was applied to 24 cultivars of bedding plants at three locations. Compared with untreated controls, ethephon generally reduced plant height at flowering and the effect increased with increased concentration. For example, Narcissus treated with a 250 mg·L−1 ethephon drench had stems that were 20% to 40% shorter at the end of flowering than control plants. However, ethephon drenches generally caused a 2- to 3-day flowering delay, and two cultivars had a phytotoxic response. Among the bedding plants studied, a 100-mg·L−1 ethephon drench suppressed plant height at flowering by greater than 30% in Catharanthus, Celosia, Dianthus, and Verbena, but by only 10% to 15% in Lobelia, Lycopersicon, and Tagetes. The drenches also delayed flowering in 10 of the 16 crops measured and decreased dry mass accumulation in all of the crops measured. Ethephon release from peat substrate became maximal ≈120 h after application and was dramatically increased by incorporation of dolomitic lime up to a rate of 9.5 kg lime per m3 of peat. Collectively, these studies show that ethephon substrate drenches inhibit stem elongation in a broad range of floriculture crops, but can also delay flowering and reduce biomass accumulation.

scholarly journals Growth, production and yield of common bean under water replacement levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 754-760
Author(s):  
Ivomberg D. Magalhães ◽  
Guilherme B. Lyra ◽  
José L. de Souza ◽  
Gustavo B. Lyra ◽  
Rener L. de S. Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Multiple Regression Models

ABSTRACT The bean is a world-class crop and requires adequate water management for higher yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and the production and to fit multiple regression models to estimate the production components, total biomass accumulation and grain yield of ‘Rosinha’ bean under levels of replacement of evapotranspired water. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four repetitions. Treatments consisted of fractions of crop evapotranspiration (25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% ETc). Growth variables (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area per plant, leaf area index, stem dry mass and leaf dry mass) and production components (number of pods per plant, pod length, pod diameter, pod dry mass, total biomass, pod mass per plant, grain yield) were evaluated. Measurements of growth variables carried out at 35 days after sowing were used to fit multiple regression models to estimate dry pod mass, total biomass accumulation and grain yield of common bean. Higher growth and yield of common bean, ‘Rosinha’, are obtained with irrigation depth corresponding to 100% of the evapotranspired water.

Dry chip feedrate control using online chip moisture

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Wesley Gilbert ◽  
Ivan Trush ◽  
Bruce Allison ◽  
Randy Reimer ◽  
Howard Mason
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Feedback Control Strategy ◽  
And Control

Normal practice in continuous digester operation is to set the production rate through the chip meter speed. This speed is seldom, if ever, adjusted except to change production, and most of the other digester inputs are ratioed to it. The inherent assumption is that constant chip meter speed equates to constant dry mass flow of chips. This is seldom, if ever, true. As a result, the actual production rate, effective alkali (EA)-to-wood and liquor-to-wood ratios may vary substantially from assumed values. This increases process variability and decreases profits. In this report, a new continuous digester production rate control strategy is developed that addresses this shortcoming. A new noncontacting near infrared–based chip moisture sensor is combined with the existing weightometer signal to estimate the actual dry chip mass feedrate entering the digester. The estimated feedrate is then used to implement a novel feedback control strategy that adjusts the chip meter speed to maintain the dry chip feedrate at the target value. The report details the results of applying the new measurements and control strategy to a dual vessel continuous digester.

Phosphorus Fertilization in Ebb and Flow Production of Bedding Plants

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 523b-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin James ◽  
Marc van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Ebb And Flow

The quantity and quality of available water in the Southeastern United States continues to decline as demands on limited resources increase. Growers will soon be forced to comply with legal limitations on water consumption and limits on nutrient runoff from their operations. A lack of information on standard growing practices using alternative irrigation systems such as ebb and flow is hindering their acceptance and implementation. We are currently conducting a series of experiments to establish basic growing guidelines for the use of ebb and flow in the greenhouse in bedding plant production. In the third of these experiments, Petunia × hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr. `Blue Frost' and Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch. `Ambassador Scarlet' were grown for 5 weeks on ebb and flow tables with fertigation solutions (225 ppm N) containing three different levels of phosphorus (0, 50, and 100 ppm). Three soilless media were also used, which varied in their percentage content of vermiculite, perlite, pine bark and coconut coir. For both the begonias and petunias dry mass of the shoot was greatest in plants grown with higher levels of phosphorus. In comparison to plants grown with 0 ppm phosphorous, petunias and begonias grown with 50 or 100 ppm P were 44% and 25% greater in mass, respectively. However, begonias had 38% more flowers when fertigated with the higher levels of phosphorous while petunias flowered earlier with 0 ppm P fertigation solution. The electrical conductivity of the media did not change significantly over the course of the growing period, but the pH dropped by an average of 1 over the same time interval.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Obaid Afzal ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Leaf Greenness

AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.

Concentrations of glucose, albumin, inorganic phosphate and sodium in the blood of beef calves at 2 ½ months of age and their relationships with subsequent weight gain

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Body Weights

SummaryBlood samples were taken at 9, 10 and 11 weeks of age from 230 male Hereford × Friesian calves, the progeny of 12 Hereford bulls. Concentrations of blood glucose, serum albumin, inorganic phosphate and sodium were measured and correlated with body weights and growth rates until slaughter at 19½ months of age.Correlations between growth rates and glucose concentrations (0·44) and between growth rates and albumin concentrations (0·38) were observed until 4 months of age. Similar correlations between body weights and blood glucose or albumin concentrations persisted until 6 months of age. By 10 months, however, the correlations had begun to decline, and by slaughter they had become insignificant.Correlations between growth rates and inorganic phosphate or sodium concentrations were smaller, and also decreased with age.The effect of hypoglycaemia on growth rate was compared with the effect of enzootic pneumonia. Although the 10% of calves with the lowest glucose concentrations were growing 24% more slowly than the other calves at the time of sampling, this growth depression was not related to pneumonia, and they subsequently made up for most of the early loss of growth.Three blood samples were also taken from 22 Hereford bulls. No significant correlations were observed between the blood composition of the bulls and the body weights or weight gains of their progeny.

scholarly journals Emergence and biomass accumulation in seedlings of rice cultivars irrigated with saline water

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 471-475
Author(s):  
Márcio H. da C. Freire ◽  
Geocleber G. de Sousa ◽  
Maria V. P. de Souza ◽  
Emanuel D. R. de Ceita ◽  
Jamili N. Fiusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Mean Time

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of three rice cultivars under saline water irrigation. The experiment was carried out in full sun at the Experimental Farm of the Unilab, in Redenção, Ceará, Brazil, in January 2016. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme [irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) versus three rice cultivars (C1 - Ligeirinho, C2 - Casado and C3 - Meruinho)], totaling 15 treatments, with 4 replicates of 30 seeds per cultivar. After 21 days, the following variables were evaluated: emergence percentage (EP), emergence speed index (ESI), mean time of emergence (MTE), mean speed of emergence (MSE), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM) and total dry matter (TDM). The cultivar Ligeirinho showed higher tolerance to saline stress with respect to the emergence percentage, emergence speed index and mean speed of emergence. The cultivar Casado showed higher tolerance to saline stress for shoot dry matter, root dry matter and total dry matter in comparison to the other cultivars.

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