Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Led Lockdown on the Lifestyle of Adolescents and Young Adults

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led lockdown-an unprecedented event wherein people globally have been hit hard. This lockdown has caused a deep impact on lifestyle-related parameters like sleep pattern, diet pattern, stress level, physical activity level and circadian rhythms. Objective: This study was designed to study effect of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle of young adults and adolescents. Method: Online survey was conducted in 1065 respondents in the age group of 13 to 25 years. Result: Questionnaire-based survey showed mean sleep duration changing from 6.85 hours to 8.17 hours, average screen time increased to 5.12 hours from 3.5 hours, 51.9% subjects experienced higher stress levels, 76.4% subjects experienced more food intake and 38.6% subjects had decreased levels of physical activity as per self-monitoring. Conclusion: These changes might have long lasting effects on their physical, mental and social health and need counteractive measures to help young people lead a healthy lifestyle during the epidemic and beyond.

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IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC LED LOCKDOWN ON THE LIFESTYLE OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

10.1101/2020.08.22.20180000 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

SHUBHAJEET ROY ◽

SUNITA TIWARI ◽

SHWETA KANCHAN ◽

PRASHANT BAJPAI

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Food Intake ◽

Young People ◽

Screen Time ◽

Online Survey ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Social Health ◽

Age Group ◽

Self Monitoring

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to study affect of COVID 19 pandemic on lifestyle of young adults and adolescent. METHOD: Online survey, was conducted in about 1000 respondents in the age group of 13-25 years. RESULTS: Questionnaire based survey showed mean sleeping duration changing from 6.85hours to 8.17hours, average screen time becoming 5.12hours from 3.5hours, 51.9% subjects experiencing increased stress levels, 76.4% subjects experiencing increased food intake and 38.6% subjects had decreased levels of physical activity as per self-monitoring. CONCLUSION: These changes might have long lasting effect on their physical, mental and social health and need counteractive measures to help young people lead a healthy lifestyle during the epidemic and beyond.

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Association of screen time with physical activity and BMI in middle school children at Tamil Nadu, India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20195730 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

S. Santha Kumar ◽

S. Alph Shirley

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Middle School ◽

School Children ◽

Screen Time ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Age Group ◽

Middle School Children ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: The objective of this study was to find the association of screen time with physical activity and BMI in middle school children in the age group of 11 to 13 years in Tamil Nadu, India.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 139 middle school children aged 11 to 13 years at the state of Tamil Nadu, India from June 2019 to August 2019. Data regarding screen time and physical activity were collected from the children using a predesigned questionnaire and anthropometric measurements done. The data collected were analyzed with suitable statistical methods using SPSS 25 software.Results: Of the 139 children, 46(33.1%) were 11 years, 48(34.5%) were 12 years and 45(32.4%) were 13 years old. 74(53.2%) were male and 65(46.8%) were female. Majority of the study subjects (52.5%) had an average daily screen time of >120 minutes followed by 61 to 120 minutes (28.8%) and ≤60 minutes (18.7%). Of the 139 children studied, only 31.7% (44 children) followed the WHO recommendations of moderate to vigorous physical activity of at least 60 minutes per day, 57.5% of the children had normal BMI, 10.8 % had thinness, 25.2% were overweight and 6.5% were obese. Physical activity was found to decrease with increasing screen time, and this was found to be statistically significant. No statistically significant correlation between screen time and BMI was found. There was statistically significant correlation between physical activity and BMI.Conclusions: There is a significant correlation of screen time with physical activity in this study. Urgent measures need to be taken to decrease screen time and promote a healthy lifestyle.

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The studying of physical activity indices in students of medical university

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-8-816-821 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (8) ◽

pp. 816-821

Author(s):

Nikolay I. Prokhorov ◽

Ekaterina A. Shashina ◽

Valentina V. Makarova ◽

Aleksandr A. Matveev

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Subjective Assessment ◽

Activity Level ◽

Age Group ◽

Steps Per Day ◽

Average Activity ◽

Medical University ◽

Separate Discipline ◽

Activity Indices

Introduction. According to WHO experts, the lack of proper physical activity is one of the leading health risk factors for students.The purpose of this assessment was to study the physical activity of students of Sechenov University.Material and methods. Quantitative indices of the physical activity were assessed on the base of the step counts data obtained from smartphones. Analysis of the subjective assessment of the physical activity sufficiency and the awareness of students about its age-matched normal level was performed on the survey data. Data included 167 4th year students of the Sechenov University.Results. On average, students took 9703 ± 3006.2 steps per day, which is lower than the average activity level for young people. Less than half of the students (43%) were classified as show medium and high physical activity. There were no gender differences in the level of physical activity. In the weekly dynamics, a tendency to a decrease in activity on weekends was revealed. Physical activity for everyday life exceeded 10,000 steps per day and was regarded as medium and high. On weekends, activity decreased to 8,236.9 ± 4,556.1, which corresponded to “below average” activity. A relationship between the level of the physical activity and body mass index in this age group was not found. Subjective assessment of the physical activity did not correspond to the results of the pedometer. The level of awareness of medical students in matters of motor activity standards was generally quite high - 70.1%, but among young men, it was only 26.3%.Conclusions. Issues of a healthy lifestyle in general, and physical activity in particular, should be included in the curriculum for training doctors in higher education institutions either as a separate discipline or as part of a special discipline, such as hygiene.

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Choroidal Thickness and Volume Modifications Induced by Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Young Adults

Ophthalmic Research ◽

10.1159/000511201 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gema Insa-Sánchez ◽

Lorena Fuentes-Broto ◽

Alberto Cobos ◽

Elvira Orduna Hospital ◽

Francisco Segura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Activity Level ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Imaging Protocol ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Physical Activity Levels

Introduction: Our aim was to evaluate the changes in choroidal thickness (CT) and volume (CV) following aerobic physical exercise in healthy young adults. Methods: This study included 72 eyes from healthy volunteers between 22 and 37 years old. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, total physical activity was computed. Measurements using an autorefractometer, ocular biometry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography using the Enhanced Depth Imaging protocol were taken. OCT was performed as a baseline measurement and after performing 10 min of dynamic physical exercise (3 and 10 min post-exercise). The choroidal layer was manually segmented, and the CT and CV in different areas from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid were obtained. Results: In healthy adults, at 3 min post-exercise, CT was higher in the subfoveal, the 3-mm nasal, and the 6-mm superior areas. Between 3 and 10 min post-exercise, the CT was reduced in all areas, and in some areas, the values were even smaller than the baseline measurements. The CV values showed changes after exercise similar to those of thickness. The total CV recovery after exercise was related to sex and physical activity level. Conclusion: Individuals with higher physical activity habits had greater CV at rest than those with lower physical activity levels. During exercise, healthy young people adjust CT and CV. At 3 min post-exercise, CT and CV increase. Women and individuals with greater physical activity levels reduce their total CV more than others during recovery.

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Physical activity and mental well-being under COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional multination study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10931-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Costas I. Karageorghis ◽

Jonathan M. Bird ◽

Jasmin C. Hutchinson ◽

Mark Hamer ◽

Yvonne N. Delevoye-Turrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Online Survey ◽

Electronic Device ◽

Well Being ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Steps Per Day ◽

Western Nations

Abstract Background COVID-19 lockdowns have reduced opportunities for physical activity (PA) and encouraged more sedentary lifestyles. A concomitant of sedentariness is compromised mental health. We investigated the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on PA, sedentary behavior, and mental health across four Western nations (USA, UK, France, and Australia). Methods An online survey was administered in the second quarter of 2020 (N = 2541). We measured planned and unplanned dimensions of PA using the Brunel Lifestyle Physical Activity Questionnaire and mental health using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Steps per day were recorded only from participants who used an electronic device for this purpose, and sedentary behavior was reported in hours per day (sitting and screen time). Results In the USA and Australia samples, there was a significant decline in planned PA from pre- to during lockdown. Among young adults, Australians exhibited the lowest planned PA scores, while in middle-aged groups, the UK recorded the highest. Young adults exhibited the largest reduction in unplanned PA. Across nations, there was a reduction of ~ 2000 steps per day. Large increases in sedentary behavior emerged during lockdown, which were most acute in young adults. Lockdown was associated with a decline in mental health that was more pronounced in women. Conclusions The findings illustrate the deleterious effects of lockdown on PA, sedentary behavior, and mental health across four Western nations. Australian young and lower middle-aged adults appeared to fare particularly badly in terms of planned PA. The reduction in steps per day is equivalent to the non-expenditure of ~ 100 kcal. Declines in mental health show how harmful lockdowns can be for women in particular.

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Individual-Level Determinants of Lifestyle Behavioral Changes during COVID-19 Lockdown in the United States: Results of an Online Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4364

Author(s):

Xiaotao Zhang ◽

Abiodun Oluyomi ◽

LeChauncy Woodard ◽

Syed Ahsan Raza ◽

Maral Adel Fahmideh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Online Survey ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

The United States ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Individual Level ◽

Diet And Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors

This study examined individual-level determinants of self-reported changes in healthy (diet and physical activity) and addictive (alcohol use, smoking, and vaping) lifestyle behaviors during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in the USA. A national online survey was administered between May and June 2020 that targeted a representative U.S. sample and yielded data from 1276 respondents, including 58% male and 50% racial/ethnic minorities. We used univariate and multivariable linear regression models to examine the associations of sociodemographic, mental health, and behavioral determinants with self-reported changes in lifestyle behaviors. Some study participants reported increases in healthy lifestyle behaviors since the pandemic (i.e., 36% increased healthy eating behaviors, and 33% increased physical activity). However, they also reported increases in addictive lifestyle behaviors including alcohol use (40%), tobacco use (41%), and vaping (46%). With regard to individual-level determinants, individuals who reported adhering to social distancing guidelines were also more likely to report increases in healthy lifestyle behaviors (β = 0.12, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.21). Conversely, women (β = −0.37, 95% CI −0.62 to −0.12), and unemployed individuals (β = −0.33, 95% CI −0.64 to −0.02) were less likely to report increases in healthy lifestyle behaviors. In addition, individuals reporting anxiety were more likely to report increases in addictive behaviors (β = 0.26, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.43). Taken together, these findings suggest that women and unemployed individuals may benefit from interventions targeting diet and physical activity, and that individuals reporting anxiety may benefit from interventions targeting smoking and alcohol cessation to address lifestyle changes during the pandemic.

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660 Chronotype Associations with Insomnia, Depressive Symptoms, and Changes in Sleep and Health Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.658 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A258-A258

Author(s):

Megan Petrov ◽

Matthew Buman ◽

Dana Epstein ◽

Shawn Youngstedt ◽

Nicole Hoffmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Screen Time ◽

Online Survey ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Time In Bed ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Evening chronotype (i.e., night owl preference) is associated with worse insomnia and depressive symptoms, and poorer health behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine the association between chronotype and these symptoms and health behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic quarantine. Methods An online survey, distributed internationally via social media from 5/21/2020–7/1/2020, asked adults to report sociodemographic/economic information, changes in sleep (midpoint, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, time-in-bed), and health behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary screen time, and outdoor light exposure patterns) from prior to during the pandemic, chronotype preference (definitely morning [DM], rather more morning [RM], rather more evening [RE], or definitely evening [DE]), and complete the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D-10). Multinomial logistic regression and ANCOVA models, adjusting for age and sex, examined associations of chronotype with COVID-19 pandemic related impacts on sleep, depressive symptoms, and health behaviors. Results A subsample of 579 participants (M age: 39y, range: 18–80; 73.6% female), currently under quarantine and neither pregnant nor performing shift work, represented each chronotype evenly (~25%). Participants delayed their sleep midpoint by 72.0min (SD=111.5) during the pandemic. DE chronotypes had a greater delay than morning types (M±SD DE: 91.0±9.0 vs. RM: 55.9±9.2 & DM: 66.1±9.3; p=0.046) with no significant change in other sleep patterns relative to other chronotypes. However, DE and RE chronotypes had greater odds of reporting that their new sleep/wake schedule was still not consistent with their “body clock” preference relative to morning types (Χ2[15]=54.8, p<0.001), reported greater ISI (F[3,503]=5.3, p=.001) and CES-D-10 scores (F[3,492]=7.9, p<.001), and had greater odds for increased or consistently moderate-to-high sedentary screen time (Χ2[12]=22.7, p=0.03) and decreased physical activity (Χ2[12]=22.5, p=0.03) than DM chronotype. There was no significant difference in change in outdoor light exposure by chronotype (Χ2[12]=12.1, p=0.43). Conclusion In an international online sample of adults under COVID-19 pandemic quarantine, evening chronotypes, despite taking the opportunity to delay sleep to match biological clock preference, reported their sleep/wake schedules were still inconsistent with personal preference, and reported greater insomnia and depressive symptoms, and odds of engaging in poorer health behaviors than morning chronotypes. Support (if any):

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Mindsets Predict Physical Activity and Relate to Chosen Management Strategies in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis

10.1101/2021.03.31.21254737 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melissa A. Boswell ◽

Kris M. Evans ◽

Sean R. Zion ◽

Danielle Z. Boles ◽

Jennifer L. Hicks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Online Survey ◽

Management Strategies ◽

The Elderly ◽

Activity Level ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Group A ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

The Relationship

Objectives. We compared mindsets about physical activity among those with and without knee osteoarthritis and investigated if these mindsets relate to physical activity level and symptom management. Methods. Participants with (n=150) and without (n=152) knee osteoarthritis completed an online survey at study enrollment (T1). Participants with knee osteoarthritis repeated the survey three weeks later (T2; n=62). The mindset questionnaire, scored from 1-4, assessed the extent to which individuals associate the process of exercising with less appeal-focused qualities (e.g., boring, painful, isolating, and depriving) vs. appeal-focused (e.g., fun, pleasurable, social, and indulgent) versus. Using linear regression, we examined the relationship between mindset and having knee osteoarthritis, and, in the subgroup of participants with knee osteoarthritis, the relationship between mindset at T1 and physical activity (via the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly) at T2. We also compared mindsets between those who use medication for management and those who use exercise. Results. A less appeal-focused mindset regarding physical activity was marginally associated with having knee osteoarthritis (β=-0.125, P=0.096). Within the knee osteoarthritis group, a more appeal-focused mindset predicted higher future physical activity (β=20.68, P=0.039), controlling for current physical activity, demographics, and health. Individuals that used exercise with or without pain medication or injections had more appeal-focused process mindsets than those who used medication or injections without exercise (P<0.001). Further, the process mindset inventory demonstrated strong internal consistency (α=0.92 at T1 for n=150 and α=0.92 at T2 for n=62) and test-retest reliability (ICC>0.841, P<0.001) within the knee osteoarthritis population. Conclusion. In individuals with knee osteoarthritis, mindsets predict future physical activity levels and relate to an individual's management strategy. Mindsets are a reliable and malleable construct and may be a valuable target for increasing physical activity and improving adherence to rehabilitation strategies involving exercise among individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

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Anthropometric Obesity Indices, Body Fat Percentage, and Grip Strength in Young Adults with different Physical Activity Levels

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk4030051 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Söğüt ◽

Kaya ◽

Altunsoy ◽

Clark ◽

Clemente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Body Fat ◽

Activity Level ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Physically Active ◽

Obesity Indices ◽

Activity Groups

The purposes of this study were to determine whether moderately physically active (MPA) and highly physically active (HPA) male (n = 96, age = 22.5 ± 1.7 years) and female (n = 85, age = 21.3 ± 1.6 years) young adults differed in their anthropometric obesity indices (AOIs), body fat percentage (BF%), and muscular strength, and also to examine the associations between physical activity level (PAL) and the abovementioned variables. Participants were measured for body height and weight, BF%, waist and hip circumferences, and maximal isometric grip strength. According to their PAL, estimated by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, they were assigned to MPA and HPA subgroups. Regardless of gender, results indicated that participants in the MPA groups had significantly higher values of body weight, waist and hip circumference, BF%, and BMI than participants in the HPA groups. No significant differences were found between physical activity groups in terms of grip strength. The AOIs and BF% were found to be significantly and negatively correlated with the PAL in both genders. In conclusion, the findings of the study suggest that high habitual physical activity is associated with lower adiposity markers. However, the differences in the hand grip strength of the contrasting activity groups were negligible.

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Physical activity of Poles in the care for their health potential before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2020.398 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Kamil Zaworski ◽

Zofia Kubińska ◽

Adrianna Dziewulska ◽

Olga Walasek

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Online Survey ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Survey Questionnaire ◽

Men And Women ◽

Strength Exercises ◽

Gender And Age

Abstract Objective: The aim of this paper is to present the engagement of adult Poles in physical activity (PA) before and during the coronavirus pandemic, taking into consideration: frequency, duration and types of the activity depending on the gender and age of the participants. Methods: The study was conducted using an online survey questionnaire. 688 residents of Poland aged 18 to 58 (28.61±9.5) years old participated in the study. Results: A statistically significant decrease in the frequency of PA was noted in the group of men (p=0.0001) and in the age group of 39 to 58 years old. The analysis of the duration of a single PA before and during the pandemic has shown a statistically significant reduction in the workout time among both men and women and across all age groups (p=0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of women undertaking flexibility exercises, e.g. yoga (p=0.000), as well as a decrease in marching and walks (p=0.003). Men significantly less frequently did strength exercises (p=0.002). Conclusions: During the pandemic, there was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency and duration of PA. The preferences of the participants as to the type of PA undertaken changed as well.

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