scholarly journals LEAF AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF WILD FRUIT Cerasus prostrata GENOTYPES COLLECTED FROM THE CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Aydın Uzun ◽  
Mehmet Yaman ◽  
Hasan Pinar ◽  
Batuhan Durmuş Gök ◽  
İsa Gazel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Issr Primers

Cerasus prostrata (Lab.) Ser. is quite widespread in some regions of Turkey. It is a wild and deciduous fruit species. The species is commonly encountered in Central Anatolia over the foothills of Erciyes Mountain. In this study, some fruit and leaf characteristics of 30 C. prostrata genotypes collected from the foothills of Erciyes Mountain were determined and genetic diversity among them was presented. Fruit weights of the genotypes varied between 0.66–0.23 g and fruit flesh ratios varied between 84.59–63.11%. Leaf width, leaf length and petiole lengths of the genotypes respectively varied between 1.61–0.68 cm; 4.02–1.82 cm and 0.60–0.28 cm. In genetic analyses, 17 ISSR primers were used and 115 bands were obtained. Of these bands, 98 were polymorphic. All genotypes were distinguished from each other. Relatively high variation was identified between the genotypes and similarity levels varied between 0.70–0.95. Current findings revealed significant information for the preservation and appraisal of C. prostrata. Further studies are recommended for breeding and protection of this species.

scholarly journals Determination of Genetic Diversity in European Cranberrybush(Viburnum opulus L.) Genotypes Based on Morphological, Phytochemical and ISSR Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
mehmet yaman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Polymorphism Rate

Abstract Turkey's plant diversity varies considerably. Many of these plants are native and commercially grown. European Cranberrybush, which is among the fruit species grown economically in the country, is also of interest in terms of health. In this study, it was aimed to determine genetic diversity with morphological, molecular, and phytochemical markers in 24 different genotypes from Kayseri province, which has an important place in the production of European Cranberrybush in Turkey. The results show that wide variations were detected between genotypes in the morphological parameters. While the genotype G13 was the prominent genotype compared to other genotypes in leaf length (130.69 mm), leaf width (135.76 mm) and fruit length (10.01 mm), the range in fruit weights of genotypes varied between 0.16 g and 0.80 g. In ISSR marker analysis, a total of 73 scoreable bands were obtained from 11 different primers, and 44 of these bands were polymorphic bands. The average polymorphism rate in the study was 60.27%, and the similarity index of the genotypes varied between 0.77 and 0.95. Total flavonoid, total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents ranged from 106.28 mg CAE/100 g to 318.87 mg CAE/100 g, 451.23 mg GAE/100 g to 679.57 mg GAE/100 g, 21.36 mg cyn-3-gluc /100 g to 16.48 mg cyn-3-gluc /100 g, respectively. It is thought that the results of the study may be useful to plant breeders in terms of its development and preservation, as well as giving an opinion to the researchers in new studies to be carried out in the European Cranberry.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity and assessment of reactions of pepper pure line germplasm to Botrytis cinerea

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Polat Ilknur ◽  
Baysal Ömür ◽  
Gümrükcü Emine ◽  
Sülü Görkem ◽  
Kitapci Aytül ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Issr Primers

The host resistance level of pure line materials was assessed in the genepool for the purpose of breeding. The highest resistance to the pathogen was observed in bell-type pepper. Moreover, genetic diversity of pure lines was investigated using selected inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. Generally, genetic markers showed genetic diversity, so that long-type pure lines were separated from the other accessions. This is the first report on host reactions of Turkish pure lines as breeding material. These results provide significant information for future pepper breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity between native cupuízeiros from Portal da Amazonia, Mato Grosso, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
A. G. M. Cordeiro ◽  
L. H. R. Silva ◽  
E. S. Cardoso ◽  
G. F. Pena ◽  
K. E. M. Zortéa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Ecological Importance

Theobroma subincanum Mart. popularly known as cupuí, belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is a wild fruit species native to the Amazon and is found in mainland forests, being characterized by its great alimentary and ecological importance. The cupuí presents genes that can be used for the croop breeding of commercial species of the genus, so that many studies have been carried to characterize genotypes through molecular markers, among which ISSRs (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) have been widely used. In this context the objective of the study was to analyze the genetic diversity among cupuí genotypes, using molecular markers ISSR. Ten markers used amplified 42 fragments, being 35.71% polymorphic, and the genetic dissimilarity, estimated from the Jaccard coefficient, varied from 0.02 to 0.26, indicating the existence of genetic variability among the studied genotypes. The UPGMA grouping method allocated the twenty genotypes of cupuí analyzed in three groups, while the Tocher optimization method distributed the same in eight groups, thus confirming the existence of genetic diversity among the evaluated materials. The two methods of grouping revealed that the MN08, MN09 and MN10 individuals are the most divergent and therefore the most suitable for conservation and breeding programs of the species.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Among Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes by SSR Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6830
Author(s):  
Murat Guney ◽  
Salih Kafkas ◽  
Hakan Keles ◽  
Mozhgan Zarifikhosroshahi ◽  
Muhammet Ali Gundesli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Principal Coordinates

The food needs for increasing population, climatic changes, urbanization and industrialization, along with the destruction of forests, are the main challenges of modern life. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate plant genetic resources in order to cope with these problems. Therefore, in this study, a set of ninety-one walnut (Juglans regia L.) accessions from Central Anatolia region, composed of seventy-four accessions and eight commercial cultivars from Turkey, and nine international reference cultivars, was analyzed using 45 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers to reveal the genetic diversity. SSR analysis identified 390 alleles for 91 accessions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 19 alleles with a mean value of 9 alleles per locus. Genetic dissimilarity coefficients ranged from 0.03 to 0.68. The highest number of alleles was obtained from CUJRA212 locus (Na = 19). The values of polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.42 (JRHR222528) to 0.86 (CUJRA212) with a mean PIC value of 0.68. Genetic distances were estimated according to the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average), Principal Coordinates (PCoA), and the Structure-based clustering. The UPGMA and Structure clustering of the accessions depicted five major clusters supporting the PCoA results. The dendrogram revealed the similarities and dissimilarities among the accessions by identifying five major clusters. Based on this study, SSR analyses indicate that Yozgat province has an important genetic diversity pool and rich genetic variance of walnuts.

scholarly journals Virus Disinfection and Population Genetics: Toward the Control of Waterborne Virus Diseases by Water Engineering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syun-suke Kadoya ◽  
Hiroyuki Katayama ◽  
Daisuke Sano
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Virus Population ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Sensitivity Change ◽  
Waterborne Virus ◽  
Waterborne Viruses

Abstract Purpose of Review Major waterborne viruses comprise numerous variants rather than only a master sequence and form a genetically diverse population. High genetic diversity is advantageous for adaptation to environmental changes because the highly diverse population likely includes variants resistant to an adverse effect. Disinfection is a broadly employed tool to inactivate pathogens, but due to virus evolvability, waterborne viruses may not be inactivated sufficiently in currently applied disinfection conditions. Here, by focusing on virus population genetics, we explore possibility and factor of emergence of disinfection sensitivity change. Recent Findings To test whether virus population obtains disinfection resistance, the evolutionary experiment developed in the field of population genetics has been applied, indicating the change in disinfection sensitivity. It has been also confirmed that the sensitivity of environmental strains is lower than that of laboratory strains. In some of these studies, genetic diversity within a population less sensitive to disinfection is higher. Researches in virus population genetics have shown the contribution of intra-population genetic diversity to virus population phenotype, so disinfection sensitivity change may attribute to the genetic diversity. Summary The research elucidating a relationship between virus evolution and disinfection has only recently begun, but significant information about the relationship has been accumulated. To develop an effective disinfection strategy for the control of waterborne virus spread, we need to clarify whether disinfection practice truly affects virus outbreaks by refining both laboratory and field experiments related to virus evolution in the disinfection-exerted environment.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of Dorstenia elata (Moraceae) in an Atlantic Forest remnant

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Aparecida Ribeiro Martins ◽  
Rodrigo Monte Lorenzoni ◽  
Ronald Martins Pereira Júnior ◽  
Fábio Demolinari de Miranda ◽  
Milene Miranda Praça Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
The Road ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Issr Primers

Abstract Plant species that show gregarious spatial distribution and endemism to the Atlantic Forest, such as Dorstenia elata, are particularly sensitive to the effects of genetic diversity loss. In the present study, we aimed to quantify the genetic diversity in native populations of this species in an Atlantic Forest remnant. The sample included three aggregates of individuals, and molecular characterization was performed with twelve ISSR primers. Intrapopulation analyses were based on the calculation of the Shannon index; total expected heterozygosity and the matrix of distances between pairs of individuals were also calculated. The obtained grouping dendrogram evinced the formation of two groups. Interpopulation investigations were based on the analysis of molecular variance and the estimate of historical gene flow. The results demonstrate that one group comprised the genotypes from two subpopulations, and the other contained exclusively the genotypes of a third subpopulation. The greatest genetic variability was observed within rather than among populations, indicating that the geographical distance and the road that divides the studied populations are not causing loss of genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Vegetative propagation of native fruit species of páramo Thibaudia floribunda and Cavendishia bracteata by cuttings

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Lina María López C. ◽  
Mariam Vásquez M. ◽  
Héctor Lancheros R. ◽  
Stanislav Magnitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Andes Region

Cavendishia bracteata and Thibaudia floribunda (Ericaceae) are wild fruit shrubs native to the Andes region. This study aimed to characterize the rooting potential of basal and apical cuttings using naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in different concentrations (0, 200, 500, or 1,000 mg L-1). In C. bracteata, the cutting position on the branch affected its sprouting and rooting, with apical cuttings presenting the best performance with auxin application. The rooting of cuttings was more successful in C. bracteata than in T. floribunda. NAA applications between 200 to 500 mg L-1 were more suitable for the propagation of C. bracteata due to the higher percentages of rooting and shoot production. For propagation of T. floribunda, the use of apical cuttings without the application of auxins is recommended. Adventitious roots in cuttings of both species were originated from parenchyma cells of the stem.

Host range and species diversity of Tephritidae of three plant formations in Western Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-742
Author(s):  
Issaka Zida ◽  
Souleymane Nacro ◽  
Rémy Dabiré ◽  
Laura Moquet ◽  
Hélène Delatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
New Host ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Western Burkina Faso

AbstractIn Western Burkina Faso, the host range of fruit flies was evaluated in three plant formations between May 2017 and April 2019. Samples of 61 potential hosts were collected and incubated for fruit fly emergence. Twenty-seven hosts including cultivated and wild fruit were identified. Among cultivated fruit species, mango, and guava were the most infested while high infestation incidences were observed in the fruit of the indigenous plants Vitellaria paradoxa, Annona senegalensis, Sarcocephalus latifolius, and Saba senegalensis. Low infestation rates were observed in Anacardium occidentale, Citrus species, Opilia celtidifolia, and Cissus populnea. The highest infestation index (1648.57 flies kg−1) was observed from V. paradoxa. Eleven new host fruit infested with many fruit fly species are reported in Burkina Faso. A total of 18 fruit fly species were reared; Bactrocera dorsalis (42.94%), Ceratitis cosyra (29.93%), and Ceratitis silvestrii (22.33%) dominated those that emerged. Four fruit fly species have been detected for the first time in Burkina Faso. The main suitable fruit hosts are abundant and available from May through August during the rainy season and become rare and have low infestation from November to April during the dry season. This is the first study of its kind in the region. This study shows that the three plant formations had an impact on population dynamics of the three tephritid species of economic importance in Western Burkina Faso. This information should be integrated into the development of a fruit fly pests management strategy.

scholarly journals Discovery of Genomic Characteristics and Selection Signatures in Southern Chinese Local Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqiang Liu ◽  
Lingyang Xu ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Guoyao Zhao ◽  
Junya Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Candidate Snps ◽  
Signature Analysis ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Selection Signature ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Candidate Regions

Chinese local cattle with a high level of genetic diversity mainly originate from two subspecies; the cattle in northern China are primarily Bos Taurus, and the cattle in southern China are primarily Bos indicus. Cattle from southern China are characterized by a specific phenotype and adapted to the local environment. This study explored the genetic diversity, degree of admixture, and selection signature in eight local cattle breeds in southern China. The lowest level of heterozygosity was found in Hainan and Nandan cattle from Hainan and Guangxi province, respectively, whereas the highest level of heterozygosity was detected in Zhaotong cattle from Yunnan province. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree analysis clearly separated Lufeng cattle from other breeds, whereas Leiqiong and Hainan cattle have some crossover. Based on linkage disequilibrium-filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the admixture analysis revealed two clusters corresponding to the taurine and indicine cattle lineages, and the local cattle breeds from southern China showed a certain degree of admixture. When K = 4 and 9, we found a slight separation among Leiqiong, Lufeng, and Hainan cattle. Meanwhile, we performed a selection signature analysis in Hainan, Leiqiong, and Lufeng cattle distributed in the extreme south of China, using the integrated haplotype score (iHS), Rsb statistic, and BayeScan software. Using the iHS approach, we identified 251, 270, and 256 candidate regions in Lufeng, Leiqiong, and Hainan cattle, respectively. Moreover, we identified 184, 174, and 146 candidate regions in pairwise comparisons of Leiqiong vs. Lufeng, Leiqiong vs. Hainan, and Hainan vs. Lufeng cattle using the Rsb approach. In addition, we identified 76 loci with a total of 48 genes under selection, based on the FST approach. Several candidate genes under selection were found to be related to meat quality, immunity, and adaptation to the local environment in southern China. Our results provide significant information about the genetic differences among the cattle breeds from southern China and the possible cause of difference in breed-specific characteristics. Selection signature analysis identified a few candidate SNPs and genes related to certain important traits of these cattle. In general, our results provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of specific traits under selection in certain local cattle breeds.

scholarly journals Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Relating to Flowering Time, Flag Leaf and Awn Characteristics in a Novel Triticum dicoccum Mapping Population

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Tally I.C. Wright ◽  
Angela C. Burnett ◽  
Howard Griffiths ◽  
Maxime Kadner ◽  
James S. Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Trait Loci

Tetraploid landraces of wheat harbour genetic diversity that could be introgressed into modern bread wheat with the aid of marker-assisted selection to address the genetic diversity bottleneck in the breeding genepool. A novel bi-parental Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank mapping population was created from a cross between two landrace accessions differing for multiple physiological traits. The population was phenotyped for traits hypothesised to be proxies for characteristics associated with improved photosynthesis or drought tolerance, including flowering time, awn length, flag leaf length and width, and stomatal and trichome density. The mapping individuals and parents were genotyped with the 35K Wheat Breeders’ single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A genetic linkage map was constructed from 104 F4 individuals, consisting of 2066 SNPs with a total length of 3295 cM and an average spacing of 1.6 cM. Using the population, 10 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for five traits were identified in two years of trials. Three consistent QTLs were identified over both trials for awn length, flowering time and flag leaf width, on chromosomes 4A, 7B and 5B, respectively. The awn length and flowering time QTLs correspond with the major loci Hd and Vrn-B3, respectively. The identified marker-trait associations could be developed for marker-assisted selection, to aid the introgression of diversity from a tetraploid source into modern wheat for potential physiological trait improvement.

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