SIDE EFFECTS OF MEDICATIONS USED TO TREAT ADHD IN BRAZIL’S PUBLIC HEALTH

Drug side effects, or adverse drug reactions (ADRs), have become a major public health concern and often cause drug development failure and withdrawal.

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AGE-SPECIFIC VIEWS ON INVASIVE AND NON-INVASIVE HUMAN ENHANCEMENTS FOR COGNITIVE DECLINE

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.1193 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S327-S328

Author(s):

G Rainville ◽

Laura Skufca ◽

Madeline Eller

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Side Effects ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Age Groups ◽

Older Americans ◽

Health Implications ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Two Age Groups

Abstract This research examines the degree to which younger and older Americans approve of addressing cognitive decline using either a pill-based or an implant-based intervention to restore prior functioning. Half of a probability-based online sample expressed concerns over side effects and levels of approval for a pill-based intervention whereas the remainder of the sample did so for a relatively invasive implant-based enhancement (data were interviews of 2,025 American adults gathered by NORC’s AmeriSpeak panel as part of the AARP Human Enhancements study). We predicted and found that relative disapproval of the implant-based intervention was only significant among those with high concerns over side effects. However, when looking at two age groups for which cognitive decline differed in salience, relative disapproval of the implant-based enhancements were relatively stronger for those 50 and older even among those with few concerns over side effects. This age-based aversion to invasive forms of enhancements may have public health implications in that the subgroup who may most-immediately benefit from the enhancement and may be in the market for only non-invasive enhancements. It is not clear if such enhancements, however, could be delivered via a pill or other non-invasive forms.

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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Knowledge, Awareness and Acceptance among Dental Students and Post-Graduate Dental Residents

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj8020045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Steven Kent Mann ◽

Karl Kingsley

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Side Effects ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Dental Students ◽

Dental Student ◽

Specific Information ◽

Post Graduate ◽

Professional Acceptance

Introduction: The recent development of a vaccine that is highly effective against the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been met with widespread clinical and public health professional acceptance. However, social and societal barriers to vaccination may hamper public health efforts to prevent HPV-mediated diseases. Although a few studies have evaluated knowledge or awareness of HPV vaccination among dentists or dental educators, few studies have evaluated the acceptance, knowledge and awareness of HPV vaccination among dental students and post-graduate dental residents. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate survey responses regarding acceptance, knowledge and awareness of HPV vaccination among dental students and post-graduate dental residents. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a previously administered and collected questionnaire. The original protocol was reviewed by the UNLV Biomedical Institutional Research Board (IRB) and was deemed excluded from IRB review (OPRS#0811-2911). Results: Two hundred and ninety-three (N = 293) dental student and forty-one (N = 41) post-graduate dental resident questionnaires were available for a total sample size of N = 334. In brief, although the majority of dental students and residents agreed that vaccines are safe and effective, less than half of dental students (37.5%) or dental residents (48.7%) had discussed the HPV vaccine with a physician or had received the vaccine themselves. In addition, a significant percentage of dental students and residents felt they did not have enough information regarding the HPV vaccine (25.6% and 26.8%, respectively) or had significant concerns about the side effects (17.1%). Conclusions: The data suggest more specific information in dental school microbiology and immunology courses might be needed to increase awareness and knowledge of the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, including the HPV vaccine. This enhanced education might also serve as a curricular focal point to answer questions regarding vaccine-related side effects and provide a mechanism for answering important questions regarding this vaccine.

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Tolerance of Benznidazole in Treatment of Chagas' Disease in Adults

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00537-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 54 (11) ◽

pp. 4896-4899 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

María-Jesús Pinazo ◽

José Muñoz ◽

Elizabeth Posada ◽

Paulo López-Chejade ◽

Montserrat Gállego ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Side Effects ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

European Country ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Acute Stage ◽

Chronic Stage

ABSTRACT Chagas’ disease is an emerging public health problem in areas where the disease is not endemic. Treatment with benznidazole has shown efficacy in the acute stage of the disease, but its efficacy in the chronic stage remains controversial, and unwanted side effects are more frequent and severe in adults than in children. This study describes the profile of side effects of benznidazole in a cohort of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected patients in a European country.

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Nanoparticles Toxicity and their Effects on Health: An Ethical Study

Nano LIFE ◽

10.1142/s1793984415400085 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 05 (04) ◽

pp. 1540008

Author(s):

Mohammad Hasanzadeh ◽

Abolhasan Kazemi ◽

Nasrin Shadjou

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Side Effects ◽

Human Health ◽

The Other ◽

Nanosized Particles ◽

Ethical Aspects ◽

Potential Harm ◽

Highly Active ◽

Moral Problems ◽

Nanoparticles Toxicity

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing science of producing and utilizing nanosized particles that measure in nanometers. While nanotechnology and the production of nanoparticles are growing exponentially, research into the toxicological impact and possible hazard of nanoparticles to human health and the environment is still in its infancy. Nanoparticles, even when made of inert elements like gold, become highly active at nanometer dimensions. Therefore, understanding the risks and identifying the magnitude of potential harm are two important considerations for an informed use of nanoparticles. This review aims to give a comprehensive summary of what is known today about possible impacts of nanoparticle toxicology to public health. On the other hand, studies in the development of nanoparticles’ toxicity raise various ethical questions concerning safety, possible risks and side effects of nanoparticles. There are also speculations as to the moral problems or dangers that may arise in connection with further advances in this type of nanomaterials. Therefore, the second part of this paper highlights the need for caution during the use and ethical aspects of such manufactured nanomaterials to prevent unintended environmental impacts.

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Optimal public health intervention in a behavioural vaccination model: the interplay between seasonality, behaviour and latency period

Mathematical Medicine and Biology A Journal of the IMA ◽

10.1093/imammb/dqy011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 297-324

Author(s):

Bruno Buonomo ◽

Rossella Della Marca ◽

Alberto d’Onofrio

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Side Effects ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Minimum Principle ◽

Public Health Intervention ◽

Latency Period ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Optimal Time ◽

The Impact

AbstractHesitancy and refusal of vaccines preventing childhood diseases are spreading due to ‘pseudo-rational’ behaviours: parents overweigh real and imaginary side effects of vaccines. Nonetheless, the ‘Public Health System’ (PHS) may enact public campaigns to favour vaccine uptake. To determine the optimal time profiles for such campaigns, we apply the optimal control theory to an extension of the susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR)-based behavioural vaccination model by d’Onofrio et al. (2012, PLoS ONE, 7, e45653). The new model is of susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) type under seasonal fluctuations of the transmission rate. Our objective is to minimize the total costs of the disease: the disease burden, the vaccination costs and a less usual cost: the economic burden to enact the PHS campaigns. We apply the Pontryagin minimum principle and numerically explore the impact of seasonality, human behaviour and latency rate on the control and spread of the target disease. We focus on two noteworthy case studies: the low (resp. intermediate) relative perceived risk of vaccine side effects and relatively low (resp. very low) speed of imitation. One general result is that seasonality may produce a remarkable impact on PHS campaigns aimed at controlling, via an increase of the vaccination uptake, the spread of a target infectious disease. In particular, a higher amplitude of the seasonal variation produces a higher effort and this, in turn, beneficially impacts the induced vaccine uptake since the larger is the strength of seasonality, the longer the vaccine propensity remains large. However, such increased effort is not able to fully compensate the action of seasonality on the prevalence.

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Factor Affecting COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Bangladesh: An Empirical Investigation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-506924/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kazi Asequl Arefin ◽

Anwar Hossain ◽

Md. H Asibur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Side Effects ◽

Empirical Investigation ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Religious Values ◽

Objective Data ◽

Expert’S Opinion ◽

The Media ◽

New Research

Abstract This study aims to look at the causes of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Bangladesh by examining the cultural and religious values, lack of trust, misinformation, and fear of side effects as predictors of vaccine hesitancy. Self-developed measurement items, developed based on the expert's opinion, were used to accomplish the objective. Data was gathered from 268 respondents who represented their community through both an online and a physical survey. SPSS version 25 was used to optimize descriptive statistics. Besides, SmartPLS 3.0 was used to examine the hypotheses using the PLS-SEM approach. The study confirms that lack of trust, misinformation and fear of side effects all play a role in vaccine hesitancy. Besides, the results have many significant implications for public health policymakers, vaccine manufacturers and distributors, and the media. Besides that, the study proposes some new research avenues for overcoming this study's limitations and gaining more detailed information on the topic.

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Side-Effects of Public Health Policies Against COVID-19: The Story of an Over-Reaction

10.20944/preprints202102.0269.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Edouard Lansiaux ◽

Noe Tchagaspanian ◽

Juliette Arnaud ◽

Pierre Durand ◽

Mark Changizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Side Effects ◽

Health Policies ◽

Moral Principle ◽

Western World ◽

Global Response ◽

Public Health Policies ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Short Period ◽

The World

Let us all take a moment to talk, once again, about this new coronavirus pandemic that the world has been facing since November 2019 and about its global response. After a short period marked by the pandemic underestimation risk by most governments, the Western world went nuts and overreacted, most probably so as not to be accused of inaction. In many cases, the overall benefits of the chosen policies were not sufficiently questioned, which resulted in many side effects on global health .The medical motto “primum non nocere”, a moral principle everyone should at least consider following, was evidently not taken into account. It has been overlooked, and the virus has become an obsession, to the extent that nearly everything else, even the most valuable things in life, is still now under appreciated if not simply ignored. This review highlighted facts against this simplistic, one-dimensional view.

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