Study of Foveal Tritanopia

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1319-1327
Author(s):  
S. R. Cobb ◽  
Maureen A. McCrossan
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Male Subjects

This paper discusses the possibility there is a difference between men and women in foveal tritanopia. The discussion is based on a study carried out by Cobb and McCrossan in 1973 in which they measured the luminosity curves of the fovea in five women and five men. The instrument used was a Wright colorimeter which measured the luminosity curves with a 2° 12′ field and a 0° 12.5′ field. Comparison shows a loss of sensitivity to blue for the curve obtained with die 0° 12.5′ field relative to the curve obtained with the 2° 12′ field. Male subjects obtained two maxima with die 0° 12.5′ field, usually at 555 nm and 595 nm, whereas for females on maximum, usually at 555 nm and from 555 nm to the long wavelength end of the spectrum, curves followed loosely the curve obtained with the 2° 12′ field. Thus, a significant difference was found between the males and the females in their response to the longer wavelengths when the 0° 12.5′ (0° 12.5′) field was used. In addition to this there were also large individual differences in the matching points obtained by the males while the individual differences among the females were much smaller.

Controlled Exertion of Force by Developmentally Delayed Young Men and Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Nagasawa ◽  
Shinichi Demura
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Developmentally Delayed ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Delayed Group ◽  
Movement Function

Present purposes were to examine the characteristics of controlled force exertion in 28 developmentally delayed young people (14 men, 14 women), and sex differences compared to 28 normal young students (14 men, 14 women). The subjects matched their submaximal grip strength to changing demand values displayed in a bar chart on the display of a personal computer. The total sum of the differences between the demand value and grip exertion value for 25 sec. was used as an evaluation parameter for the test. The controlled force exertion was significantly poorer for the developmentally delayed group than for controls, and there were large individual differences. The developmentally delayed men scored poorer than women in coordination. Like the controls, the means between trials did not decrease significantly. For these developmentally delayed subjects, performance did not improve after only a few trials. The controlled force-exertion test is useful as a voluntary movement-function test for developmentally delayed subjects.

scholarly journals الفروق الفردية بين المتعلّمين

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Dian Rizky Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Successful Strategy ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

This article addresses the reality learning showed us that they did not agree to a significant difference in how much success end. Here psychologists assert that differences in learning outcomes need to go back to the individual differences among student. Cleared that the use of the most skilled educated is in fact different from the strategies that will be used by the least educated skill. Motivation refers to the desire to achieve aims, and effort is given in this way, and satisfaction for the task. There are ways and methods consistent with those that may not fit with the others to the presence of differences in ability and inclination, that the most successful strategy chosen by the teacher after studying and evaluating strategic wiyh all student, can even be used for the approval of a learning program learners. In accordance with the needs of society and the interests of any individual discovery and development capabilities. Keywords: individual differences, cognitive factors, emotional factors

scholarly journals An International Survey of Face-Matching Training

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Moreton ◽  
Ailsa Strathie ◽  
Catriona Havard ◽  
Graham Pike
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Training

Face matching decisions in applied settings, such as policing, forensics and immigration services, are typically carried out by two types of professionals; facial reviewers and facial examiners. Studies have demonstrated large individual differences in the face matching accuracy of both facial reviewers and examiners. Whether variances in training between agencies could be in part responsible for these individual differences is not currently known. Despite the existence of high-level training guidelines produced by the practitioner community the content, duration and delivery of face matching training is not widely understood in the academic research community. The current study aimed to address this gap in the scientific literature and to better understand how different agencies train facial reviewers and facial examiners, using results collected from an international survey. At the group level facial examiners received longer durations of training, covering more topics and with greater inclusion of mentoring than facial reviewers. However, the survey revealed large differences in the duration, delivery methods and content of training by individual agencies at both the facial review and facial examiner level and low inclusion of evidence-based training practices. These results should help researchers to better understand the diversity in training practices and durations of training between different agencies and may help explain the individual differences observed in the performance of face matching professionals in the literature.

A multi-group analysis of the effects of individual differences in mindfulness on nomophobia

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Arpaci ◽  
Mustafa Baloğlu ◽  
Şahin Kesici
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to investigate the impact of individual differences in mindfulness on nomophobia. We developed and validated two structural models to identify the relationship between mindfulness and nomophobia. The ‘Nomophobia Questionnaire’ and the ‘Mindful Attention Awareness Scale’ were used to obtain data from the subjects. One-way MANOVA results suggested a statistically significant difference in nomophobia based on higher versus lower mindfulness. Further, a multi-group analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized relationships in the structural models for men and women. The results revealed that mindfulness had a significant negative correlation with nomophobia for both men and women. As scores in mindfulness increased, subjects exhibited less nomophobic tendencies. Further, those subjects who had lower scores in mindfulness showed higher anxiety when they were unable to communicate. However, subjects who scored higher in mindfulness showed lower anxiety when they could not access desired information. Independent sample t-test results were variant across men and women in nomophobia. Based on the findings we conclude that mindfulness based treatments can be beneficial in dealing with nomophobia for women.

Four Properties Common among Perceptions Confirmed by a Large Sample of Subjects: An Ecological Approach to Mechanisms of Individual Differences in Perception: II

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Satow
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Factor Score ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Check List ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lower Limits

The four properties which correspond to mechanisms determining individual differences in perception were proposed hypothetically and confirmed by responses to a 60-item check list for 214 women and also for 530 men and women. Properties were intense sensitivity, temporal sensitivity, possible range of total stimuli (the total stimulation in a perception is given a product of intensity and duration of the stimulus for the perception), and sensory-motor reactivity. These were the same as those for 316 men subjects in prior work. The three properties, intense sensitivity, temporal sensitivity, and possible range of stimulation, were obtained from two groups of items which related culture-free and culture-bound behavior. So the mechanisms determining individual differences regulate the two kinds of perceptual behaviors. All correlation coefficients of factor-score estimates between the two properties were near zero. The properties were independent of each other within subjects. This independence among the properties supported Satow's model of four types of individuals, explaining the individual differences on the grounds of the relations among the properties. Analysis suggested no sex difference in the mechanisms determining individual differences in perceptions. Another property, preference for weak stimuli, related to values of lower limits of the possible range of total stimulation.

Locus of Control Remaja dalam Perspektif Gender di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam

MUWAZAH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Sugeng Sugeng
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Self Control ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this study was to find out an overview of: 1) locus of control in general 2) Differences in locus of control between adolescent boys and girls in adolescents MTs Al-Hikmah Proto Kedungwuni Pekalongan; and 3) Analysis of adolescent locus of control in a gender perspective. The results showed that locus of control is one of the individual personality variables regarding the belief in self-control of events experienced in a self-determined life (internal locus of control) or controlled by an external environment (external locus of control). Field data on adolescent MTs al-Hikmah Proto Kedungwuni Pekalongan shows that both men and women obtained results that their Internal Locus of Control is higher than external Locus of Control. Based on the results that have been obtained, that there is no significant difference in scores between locus of control between male and female students at MTs Al-Hikmah Proto Pekalongan. Therefore parallels between men and women should be considered in all matters of duties and responsibilities, both in education and daily life and society.

The Tritone Paradox and the Pitch Range of the Speaking Voice: A Dubious Connection

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno H. Repp
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Pitch Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tritone Paradox ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Voice ◽  
Voice Range ◽  
The Voice

Deutsch and coworkers (Deutsch, 1991; Deutsch, North, & Ray, 1990) have proposed that individual differences in the perception of the "tritone paradox" derive from listeners' reference to a mental pitch template, acquired through experience with the pitch range of their own voice, as well as with the voice ranges typical of their language community. These authors have reported a correspondence between perceptual results and the upper limit of the individual voice range for a small group of selected subjects, as well as a striking difference in tritone perception between American and British listeners. The present study compared groups of Dutch, British, and American listeners on two tritone tests and also collected voice pitch data for the first two groups in a reading task. There was no within-group correlation of perceptual results with individual differences in voice range. Differences in tritone perception as a function of stimulus characteristics (spectral envelope) were much larger than reported by Deutsch, which casts doubt on the notion of stable individual pitch templates. A significant difference between British and American listeners, with the Dutch group in between, was found in one of the two tritone tests but not in the other. Although the origin of this difference remains unclear, it seems unlikely that it has anything to do with regional differences in voice pitch range.

Modifying Fault Diagnosis Strategies

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Marc A. Sullivan ◽  
George J. Boggs ◽  
Kathryn M. Dobroth
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Problem Domain ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Testing Efficiency

This study investigated the ability of trained diagnosticians to alter their strategies in situations where either time or testing must be kept to a minimum. Four subjects, extensively trained in previous experiments on fault diagnosis, participated in time bonus and testing efficiency bonus conditions. They isolated faults in networks of 25 nodes connected by links. In the time bonus condition, subjects were rewarded for the number of problems completed within a time limit. In the test bonus condition, subjects were rewarded for minimizing the number of tests used to diagnose a fault. Total diagnosis time was lower in the time bonus condition, and the number of tests was lower in the test bonus condition. In the time bonus condition, subjects tended to make initial tests more rapidly than they did in the test bonus condition, and the location of initial tests was relatively “shallow” in the network. The between-subject variability in diagnosis time was larger in the test bonus condition than in the time bonus condition. There was no significant difference for between-subject variability in testing efficiency. These results suggest two important conclusions regarding fault diagnosis. First, trained diagnosticians can rapidly adapt their diagnosis strategies to changes in their problem domain. Second, explicit payoffs can, in some cases, reduce the individual differences in fault diagnosis performance. This appears to be partly due to strategies becoming more similar under explicit payoffs. It is suggested that in future studies the use of explicit payoffs should be considered.

scholarly journals Role of biochemical markers in the prediction of osteopenia and osteoporosis in men and women of Sikkim, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4077
Author(s):  
Deepa Soibam ◽  
Amumacha T. Singh ◽  
Parvati Nandy ◽  
Ankur Baruah
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Turnover Marker ◽  
Type I ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Turnover Markers ◽  
The Individual

Background: Osteoporosis being a silently progressing disease, the real challenge is to identify the individual at high risk of osteoporosis. Many bone turnover marker have been associated with bone loss even before occurrence of any changes in bone structure. Therefore, this study was aim to evaluate the predictive value of bone turnover marker by correlating with low bone density.Methods: This was a case control study conducted in Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, India. A total of 300 subjects (150 case and 150 control) both male and female between the age group of 35- 65 were enrolled. We measure one bone formation marker serum osteocalcin and two resorption marker urine hydroxyproline (OHP) and urine N- terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX). Calcaneal QUS device (GE Lunar Achilles Express heel- densitometer) was used to determine the bone density.Results: A significant difference of the bone markers i.e. hydroxyproline, NTx and osteocalcin were observed between cases and control of men and women with P<0.001. These variables statistically significantly predicts bone density with F (3, 71) = 5,671, P= 0.002, R2= 0.193 and F (3, 71) = 5.292, P= 0.002, R2= 0.183 in women and men respectively.Conclusions: Study showed that bone turnover markers are able to predict low bone mass. Resorption markers NTx and OHP were the main predictor in men whereas OHP and formation marker Osteocalcin in women. Therefore, BTM measurement along with BMD can provide useful information about the changes in the bone mass which will help to predict the risk of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Extra-Curricular Activities and Well-Being: Results From a Survey of Undergraduate University Students During COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Finnerty ◽  
Sara A. Marshall ◽  
Constance Imbault ◽  
Laurel J. Trainor
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Extra Curricular Activities ◽  
Song Writing ◽  
The Individual

Participation in extra-curricular activities has been found to associate with increased well-being. Here we investigated in a survey (n = 786) what activities university students at a Canadian university engaged in during the stressful COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in April, 2020, which coincided with a novel online exam period, and how these activities related to perceived well-being, anxiety (STAI-S), social aspects of activities, and personality. Sixty-five percentage of students scored in the high anxiety category of the STAI-S, an alarming statistic given that only 24% had reached out for professional supports. This is consistent with reports that current supports on university campuses are inadequate. Listening to music (92%) and watching movies/series (92%) were engaged in most frequently, followed by socializing virtually (89%) and engaging in social media (85%). The activities students rated as most helpful to their well-being were somewhat different, with outdoor exercise rated highest, followed by socializing virtually and listening to music. While all activities were rated as beneficial, those with a social component tended to have high ratings, consistent with students attempting to replace lost social interactions. Linear regression models found few associations between STAI-S scores and other measures, likely because of large individual differences and lack of a pre-pandemic baseline needed to assess changes in anxiety. The importance of individual differences was evident in that those higher in conscientiousness or extraversion or emotional stability were more likely to engage in exercise, while those higher in openness to experience were more likely to engage in journaling, playing a musical instrument, or singing, with a trend for higher engagement in song writing. Individual differences were also evident in that equal numbers of students gave positive and negative comments related to their well-being during the pandemic. The individual differences uncovered here suggest that having a variety of proactive interventions would likely reach more students. Indeed, 52% indicated an interest in online group music therapy, 48% in art therapy and 40% in verbal therapy, despite music and art therapies being virtually non-existent on campuses. In sum, the findings highlight the importance of choice in extra-curricular activities and therapies that support well-being.

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