One Explanatory Basis for the Discrepancy of Reported Prevalences of Sleep Paralysis among Healthy Respondents

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Paralysis ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Previous Estimate ◽  
Term Condition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Transient Paralysis ◽  
Neutral Expression

In a previous study, the author and coworkers found 39.8% of healthy young adults had experienced sleep paralysis. Some other studies reported prevalence as about the same or higher (i.e., 40.7% to 62.0%) than that previous estimate, while yet other studies, including Goode's work cited by ASDC and ASDA classifications, suggested much lower prevalences (i.e., 4.7% to 26.2%). The author tested the hypothesis that this discrepancy among the reported prevalences is partly due to the expression used in each questionnaire. University students who answered the questionnaire using the term ‘transient paralysis’ reported the lower prevalence (26.4%), while the second group of respondents who answered the questionnaire using the term kana-shibari, the Japanese folklore expression for sleep paralysis, gave the higher prevalence (39.3%). The third group who answered the questionnaire with the term ‘condition,’ probably a rather neutral expression, marked the middle (31 0%) of these.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

scholarly journals Effects of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking on the Spirometric Profile of University Students in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zaher Nazzal ◽  
Deema Odeh ◽  
Fatima Azahraa Haddad ◽  
Mohammad Berawi ◽  
Belal Rahhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
University Students ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Functions ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background. Waterpipe smoking in young individuals is increasing with limited studies addressing its respiratory health effects. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of waterpipe smoking on young adults’ lung functions. Spirometric parameters were compared between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers. Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study of university students, including males and females, was conducted. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to record students’ characteristics. The spirometry test was performed to assess students’ lung functions; we recorded the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25–75%). Results. A total of 300 apparently healthy students (150 waterpipe smokers and 150 nonsmokers) were included in the study. Waterpipe smokers showed significantly lower values in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25–75% compared to the nonsmoker group (P<0.05 to P<0.001). The subgroup analysis on female students (50 WP smokers and 50 nonsmokers) showed a significant decrease in FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25–75% parameters (P<0.001). Conclusion. Waterpipe smoking is associated with reduced spirometric parameters in healthy young adults with relatively limited smoking years.

A quantitative analysis about the prevalence of PTSD after the chemical attack in halabja

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
F. M-Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chemical Attack ◽  
Kurdish Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Hypothesis

The March 1988 genocide in Halabja, in which 4000–7000 Kurdish women, children and men were killed by the then Iraqi regime, was the most brutal gas attack on a civil population in modern history. This study challenges currently held understandings of PTSD and how traumatic transformations are expressed in other parts of the world; thereby contributing to the new field of traumatology. The study is quantitative analysis of the prevalence of PTSD, measured using (IES), in two Kurdish towns; Halabja and Suleimaniyah, encompassing 110 participants. The study's primary aim was to compare the prevalence of PTSD in Halabja with that in Suleimaniyah which was not attacked, the expectation being that PTSD would be more prevalent in Halabja than in Suleimaniyah. secondly, that women and those with shorter education would report a higher prevalence of PTSD symptoms, and thirdly that participants with higher levels of social support would report a lower prevalence of PTSD symptoms. The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in total, of reliving and of hyperarousal in the trauma exposed town was significantly higher than in Suleimaniyah, thus supporting the primary hypothesis. The results further showed a significant connection between sex and PTSD symptoms and a clear linear relation between education and prevalence of PTSD symptoms, thus supporting the second hypothesis. However, the results showed no support for the third hypothesis. The study thus indicates that researchers and practitioners working with PTSD need a broader cultural understanding to carry out studies in best possible manner.

Personality of Healthy Young Adults with Sleep Paralysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Fukuda ◽  
Nobuo Inamatsu ◽  
Makoto Kuroiwa ◽  
Akio Miyasita
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Sleep Paralysis ◽  
T Score ◽  
Personality Difference

Sleep paralysis occurs in normal persons. This phenomenon had been studied psychoanalytically or in terms of the deviation of the victims' personality. This present study aimed to assess the personalities of such persons by using the MMPI and the Maudsley Personality Inventory. The subjects showed a slightly higher mean T score on the MMPI Paranoia Scale than those who did not have this experience. Although this personality difference might be related to the occurrence of the phenomenon, this difference is probably too small to take a major role. It is unlikely that the subjects developed paranoic behavior through their experiences of sleep paralysis, since their experiences were very few. Some of the subjects might have only overestimated their behavior and experiences concerning delusions and hallucinations, with the result that their Paranoia scores were higher and perhaps their kanashibari experiences exaggerated.

scholarly journals Implementación de estrategias creativas en estudiantes universitarios: propuesta pedagógica para un aprendizaje realmente significativo / Implementation of Creative Strategies in University Students: Pedagogical proposal for a real and meaningful learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Nahomy Casas Barrera ◽  
Lorena Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

ABSTRACTCreative strategies benefit the students in order to guide them to the achievement of a meaningful learning, because they help to a greater concentration by presenting the content of the class, understanding then the nature, reach and sequence of the information provided. The present field practice was carried out with a group of university students of the third semester of the Faculty of Languages at the Autonomous University of Baja California. Starting with the theme of motivation, five educational strategies are implemented to later know the perspective of the students through a survey.RESUMENLas estrategias creativas benefician a los alumnos para poder orientarlos al logro de un aprendizaje significativo, pues ayudan a una concentración mayor al presentar el contenido de la clase, comprendiendo entonces su naturaleza, alcance y secuencia de la información proporcionada. La presente práctica de campo fue realizada con un grupo de jóvenes universitarios de tercer semestre de la Facultad de Idiomas en la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Partiendo con el tema de motivación, se implementaron cinco estrategias educativas para posteriormente conocer la perspectiva de los alumnos mediante una encuesta.  

scholarly journals The Effect of Career Decisions on Entrepreneurial Intention Levels of University Students Studying Sport Sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4a) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Kadir Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
University Students ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Practical Implications

This study investigates the entrepreneurial intention levels and career decisions of a sample of 340 university students studying sport sciences. Entrepreneurship refers to a career-related choice that is driven by a risk-taking and innovation imperative. Entrepreneurs of the future are expected to make their career related choices well before they move into labor markets. In this context, this study attempts to designate young adults’ entrepreneurial intentions which are considered to be highly related with their career decisions. The study also tests the potential effects of career decisions on entrepreneurial intentions. The findings of the study evidence the significant effect of conscious career choice on entrepreneurial propensity. A blind career choice is found to be also correlated with entrepreneurial intentions, albeit less so than the conscious career choice. The environmental factors subscale of career choice proves to be insignificant in terms of entrepreneurial propensity within the scope of this study’s sample group. Findings are discussed with a view to practical implications.

scholarly journals Taking a Stand against Cyberbullying in Higher Education

2016 ◽  
pp. 197-235
Author(s):  
Margaret Anne Carter ◽  
Marie M'Balla-Ndi ◽  
Ariella van Luyn ◽  
Donna Goldie
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Action Research ◽  
University Students ◽  
Learning Communities ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Online Learning Communities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ongoing Development

As a result of the rapid online expansion of digital learnscapes, resulting in university students regularly engaging in online learning communities, cyberbullying has increasing potential to become a serious issue for higher education institutions. The effectiveness of educating students and staff in higher education on the elements and impacts of cyberbullying has driven this innovative study, which involves the development of an action research-led and student-directed interactive educational website to inform higher education students and staff about the consequences of cyberbullying. In describing the ongoing development and generalisation of the site, this chapter highlights the third cycle of an action research inquiry, and more generally the need for such resources to support higher education so that users understand what constitutes cybersafety and cyberbullying. As such, the research is directed toward understanding, sharing, participation, reflection, and change. Findings are discussed in relation to the information on the site for users in higher education.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF PROPENSITY TO AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Sopivnyk I. V. ◽  
◽  
Choban O. V.
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Third

The purpose of the article is to study the influence of emergency factors on the tenden-cy to aggressive behaviour among students. We conducted a study in Ukraine during 2016-2020 in emergency situations. In 2016, for the third year in a row, a military emergency situation con-tinued in eastern Ukraine, which left its mark on all the country's youth. In 2020, young people were exposed to a medical and biological emergency due to the Covid-19 pandemic. We made two diagnostic sections, respectively, in 2016 and 2020 using the same method of "Aggressive behaviour" (according to E. Ilin and P. Kovaliov). The results of the study show that there is a direct connection between a young person's stay in an emergency situation and an increase in the level of aggressive behaviour, in particular direct, physical one. Therefore, in emergency situations, it is necessary to develop and implement programs for the socio-psychological and pedagogical rehabilitation of young people.

scholarly journals SUCCESSFUL AGEING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF YOUNG ADULTS IN POLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kozerska
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
The Third

On the basis of the theoretical and empirical analyses published in the scientific literature, it can be stated that the concept of successful ageing presented in educational discourses is understood differently by authors and it is focused primarily on three issues related to 1/ spirituality, 2/ well-being, 3/ a sense of community. The article discusses research results aimed at comparing ways of understanding successful ageing in the scientific literature with ways of defining this term by young adults in Poland. The survey participants are pedagogy students. The article attempts to answer the following questions: 1/ How do young adults in Poland understand the concept of successful ageing?, 2/ To what extent do the ways of understanding this concept, which have been distinguished based on the analysis of empirical data, coincide with a typology created based on a review literature. Data analysis (cluster analysis) enables to distinguish two types of successful ageing understood as a link between transcendence and generativity. The third type consists of elements of Rowe and Kahn model which are supplemented with good family relations.

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