Experienced Conflict in Decision-Making as a Function of Level of Cognitive Complexity

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Menasco
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Decisional Conflict ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ex Post Facto

Two studies sought to establish a link between cognitive complexity and decisional conflict under noncompliant conditions. Difficulty of making a decision was used operationally as a means of inferring experienced conflict in decision-making. Experimental and ex post facto field study results indicated that mote complex subjects are more prone to rate decisions as more difficult and with greater feelings of discomfort than are less complex subjects. Possible differences in dissonance resolution on the part of complex and simple individuals are discussed based upon conflict in personality and conflict in decisional situations.

A Field Test of the Relationship between Cognitive Dissonance and State Anxiety

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Menasco ◽  
Del I. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Field Test ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Relationship

An ex post facto field study investigated state anxiety as a measure of the magnitude of postpurchase dissonance. Purchase conditions which should produce varying levels of postpurchase dissonance were found to have a predicted effect on a validated measure of state anxiety. Implications for aspects of marketing strategy and application to the study of consumer behavior are highlighted.

scholarly journals Hubungan Lingkungan Belajar dan Disiplin Belajar Dengan Hasil Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran Instalasi Penerangan Listrik Program Keahlian Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik Kelas XII SMK Karya Guna Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Sarah Maulidya Cahyani ◽  
Soeprijanto ◽  
Faried Wadjdi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Electricity Power ◽  
Collection Methods

ABSTRACT This research was to aimed at finding out the relationships between environment of study and discipline of study towards student study results of electricity lighting installation subject an expertise program of electricity power installation technique class XII at SMK Karya Guna Jakarta. The population in this study were students of class XII TITL at SMK Karya Guna Jakarta as many as 31 people. Data collection methods for family environment variables and learning independence using questionnaire models with Likert Scale, while for the variable learning achievement of productive subjects using the method of documentation in the form of pure value Mid-Term Exams. The results showed that the hypothesis test with a significance level of 5% obtained rcount = 0,780 and value of rtable = 0,355 where rcount > rtable shows that there is a relationship between variables, then the value of Fcount = 21,75 and Ftable = 3.33 where Fcount > Ftable shows that there is a significance between variables and a determination value of 0,505 which shows the environment of study and discipline of study that have the same relationship to student study results.   ABSTRACT Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkungan belajar dan disiplin belajar dengan hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran instalasi penerangan listrik. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode ex post facto yang bersifat deskriptif korelatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa/i kelas XII TITL di SMK Karya Guna Jakarta sebanyak 31 orang. Metode pengambilan data untuk variabel lingkungan belajar dan disiplin belajar menggunakan kuesioner model  angket dengan Skala Likert, sedangkan untuk variabel hasil belajar mata pelajaran instalasi penerangan listrik menggunakan metode dokumentasi berupa nilai Ujian Tengah Semester. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa uji hipotesis dengan taraf signifikan 5% di peroleh nilai rhitung = 0,780 dan nilai rtabel = 0,355 dimana rhitung > rtabel menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antar variabel, kemudian nilai Fhitung = 21,75 dan Ftabel = 3,33 dimana Fhitung > Ftabel menunjukkan bahwa terdapat signifikansi antar variabel dan nilai determinasi sebesar 0,505 yang menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan belajar dan disiplin belajar secara bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh sebesar 61% terhadap hasil belajar.

scholarly journals Livelihood Security of An Isolated Gothi Koya Tribe in Telangana State

2005 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alam Prashanthi ◽  
R. Geetha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Level Of Significance

Tribes are a weaker section of society due to their low social and economic standing. Even in the contemporary day, some tribal groups remain geographically isolated and live in the jungles. One of them is the Gothi koya tribe. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the profile characteristics and livelihood security of Gothi Koya tribe. The study was conducted in Mulugu district, Telangana State with an ex-post facto research design. A total of 60 samples from three villages under ITDA (Integrated Tribal Development Agency), Eturnagaram were selected purposively for this study. Results revealed that half of the respondents (50%) fall under the age group between 20- 30 years and the majority (85%) of the respondents were illiterates. There was a strong positive significant relationship between education and livelihood security at 1% level of significance (p<0.01) and other independent variables found no significance at 5% level (p<0.05).

IS ACCOUNTING ALCHEMY STILL THE RIGHT MEDICINE FOR FIRM’S EARNINGS AND BOOK VALUE? EVIDENCE FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
EDESIRI GODSDAY OKORO ◽  
CHIZOBA M. EKWUEME
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Purpose: A major thread in accounting literature, which has remained a contentious issue, is how accounting alchemy can be modeled. The paper builds on existing accrual models in proposing an accounting alchemy model and tests if it is still the right medicine for earnings and book value of firms. The accounting alchemy model was based on mechanisms of earnings, book value, earnings before extraordinary items, net profit after tax, cash flow from operations, revenue, and total assets. We modified accrual models on the view that accrual models suggest that incomes/expenses are the most manipulated; contrarily, accounting alchemy proposes that assets are alchemized. Originality/value: This paper proposes a new empirical model of accounting alchemy and practically assesses the validity of the model in Sub-Saharan Africa, where there are no studies. The proposed accounting alchemy model can be used in Asia, Europe, and other parts of the world to see if the study results can be replicated. Design/methodology/approach: Ex post facto design was used, and secondary data were obtained for selected quoted firms in Sub-Saharan Africa comprising Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya from 2012 to 2016. A sample of 64 firms was selected in the consumer and industrial goods subsector, and data were analyzed via descriptive (mean, standard deviation, correlation) and inferential (regression, fixed, and random effects) statistics. Findings: Findings indicated that earnings and book value are significantly affected by accounting alchemy. This implies that accounting alchemy is not the right medicine for firm’s earnings and book value. The result has practical application for researchers and the regulatory framework of accounting.

scholarly journals Perceptions of nursing alumni regarding the course contribution in providing health care

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elza de Fátima Ribeiro Higa ◽  
Romeu Gomes ◽  
Maria Helena Ribeiro de Carvalho ◽  
Ana Paula Ceolotto Guimarães ◽  
Elane de Fátima Taipeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ex Post Facto

This present study evaluated nursing education based on problem-solving and learning based on problems originating from alumni's perceptions. This is an ex-post-facto cross-sectional study. Results were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches triangulation and through dialectical hermeneutics. In the quantitative approach 180 alumni answered a questionnaire. The qualitative approach involved 14 interviews that searched for meanings related to the notion of ideal care, in order to build indicators that would reveal this evaluation logic. These indicators guided the choice of triangulation questions. Results demonstrated that 85.1% of alumni are working in the nursing market, 92.1% have taken a post-graduate course and 99.1% believe they have the education required to deliver ethical, humanized and founded care. Data analysis demonstrates a compromised education as autonomy and knowledge are being built, and articulated to the Single Health System and the world nursing principles.

Appeasement and the Problem of Palestine

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Sheffer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
General Orientation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Palestinian Arab

Laymen, Zionist leaders, and both Jewish and gentile analysts have maintained that in the 1930S the British government's policies toward Palestine were strongly affected by Britain's general orientation toward appeasement. Both contemporaneously and ex post facto, critics have made three assumptions about these policies. First, the decision-making elite which launched Britain's policy of appeasement was also responsible for Middle Eastern policies in general and policies toward Palestine in particular. Second, British actions in Palestine were an integral part of the general trend in British foreign and defense policies. Third, out of selfish interests Britain sacrificed the weaker democratic Jewish community in Palestine (the Yishuv) to its more aggressive protagonist (the Palestinian Arab community) which was supported by the leaders of neighboring Arab countries.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Components of Alexithymia in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Mina Bozorg ◽  
Changiz Rahimi ◽  
Nurallah Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Ex Post Facto Study

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in alexithymia components between patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and normal individuals. Methods: In this ex-post facto study, 23 obsessive-compulsive outpatients’ selected by available sampling method and 22 personnel of the same hospitals (Taft Comprehensive Psychiatric Hospital, Imam Ali, Shahid Rahnemoon, and Baghayipoor Clinics) were selected as a control group in 2015 in Yazd, Iran. Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 were used in this study. Results: Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results showed that patients with OCD were significantly different from the control group in the total alexithymia score (F=7.232, P=0.01). However, both groups had significant differences only in the subscale of difficulty in identifying feelings. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both groups had significant differences in the total alexithymia score and one of its subscales.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Gaya Belajar Siswa terhadap Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama IslamPengaruh Gaya Belajar Siswa terhadap Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-136
Author(s):  
Rafiqa Sari
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Learning Study ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Education Study ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Visual Style

Research aims to understand a style learning and study results style and influence in the learning student learning islamic education x a state sma palopo 4. Type this study quantitative with the design ex-post facto capital with a population of 51 students with the sample is covering sampling.Data drawn through the survey data processed by analysis descriptive statistics and statistics inferential.The research results show that study visual style, auditory, students and a kinesthetic having influence in the the highest student learning study visual style of 13,2 %.Religious education study results people in the 28 people and frequency the 55 % the percentage.And influence the style of student learning islamic education in the learning supported by r2 ( r square) of 0,360 or 36 % style learning in the learning student effect for  islamic education.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Basic Human Values and Decision-Making Styles in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8315
Author(s):  
Javier Páez Gallego ◽  
Ángel De-Juanas Oliva ◽  
Francisco Javier García-Castilla ◽  
Álvaro Muelas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adaptive Decision Making ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between decision-making styles and values of Spanish adolescents and analyses the role of age and gender on their use of adaptive and maladaptive decision-making styles. The scientific literature suggests that decision-making consists of different stages through which individuals reach a solution to their dilemmas. An ex post facto quantitative, non-experimental research design was used and applied to a sample of adolescents of Madrid (España). The Flinders Adolescents Decision-Making Questionnaire (FADMQ) by Mann as well as the Schwartz Values Scale (SVS) were also used. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the decision-making styles and values of adolescents using the variables gender and age to classify the sample. The study concludes that adolescents who use an adaptive decision-making style tend to pursue mastery of the values Self-direction, Stimulation, Achievement, and Power, whereas adolescents who use a maladaptive style tend to shy away from the value Self-direction and are more conservative. In terms of gender, the results for both females and males coincide in the significant correlations found between their decision-making styles and values. In terms of age, the correlations between values and decision-making styles are higher and numerous in younger adolescents. We conclude that the relationships verified could help educators to engage and act on the development of specific decision-making training programs based on the values of adolescents.

scholarly journals Study of Decision-making Skill of +2 Students in Relation to their Self-Regulation, Self-Efficacy and Satisfaction with School

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Shivraj Singh ◽  
Malvinder Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Twelfth Graders ◽  
Order Interaction ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Twelfth Grade

This study was conducted to investigate effects of single variables (A. self efficacy, B. self regulation and C. satisfaction of students with school) on skill of decision making of twelfth grade students and also their two order and three order interaction effects on decision making. Null Hypotheses were framed for each effect. The sample comprised of 515 students chosen from representative CBSE affiliated secondary schools of district Roopnagar, Punjab. An ex post facto design of the study led to an analysis of data through a statistical technique of 3x3x3 ANOVA substantiated by t-test. A brief summary of findings was as follows: Main effects of all three independent variables A, B, C, were found to be significant at the .01 level of confidence indicating strong influence of each of these variables on skill of decision making. Out of the three two order interactions, only AxC was found to be significant at the .05 level of confidence and those of AXB and BXC were not found to be significant even at the .05 level of confidence. This indicated that AXC interacts to result into differences in means scores of decision making of various combination groups due to AXC only. The three order interaction of AXBXC was also found to be significant at the .05 level of confidence, which led to conclude that combination groups due to this interaction effect resulted in differences in decision making by twelfth graders.

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