The Pineal Gland and Stress: Effect of Pineal Stalk Section on the Plasma Corticosteroid Response to Cold in Rabbits

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Rivest ◽  
Kenneth D. Roberts ◽  
Franco Leporé
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
General Adaptation ◽  
Corticosteroid Response

To investigate the role of the pineal gland on plasma corticosteroid elevation during stress, a pineal stalk section was performed in rabbits implanted with a carotid cannula, while a comparable sham operation was carried out in a control group ( n = 8) similarly implanted. Six days after the surgery, the rabbits were exposed to a cold environment for 2 hr. Blood was withdrawn periodically throughout the 2 hr. of cold stress and for an additional 2 hr. after the rabbits were returned to their cages. Results show that plasma corticosteroids (cortisol + corticosterone) concentration in both groups rose during the cold exposure and gradually declined towards resting values after removal from the cold. The lesioned rabbits, however, exhibited an earlier and higher elevation in plasma corticosteroid levels in reaction to the cold. These observations suggest that the pineal stalk in normal animals influences the corticosteroid response to a stress in such a way as to increase the latency of its onset and decrease its amplitude. This effect is interpreted in the context of the general adaptation syndrome.

scholarly journals Tranilast treats cold-related hypertension by reducing the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Hui Yu ◽  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Yu Duan ◽  
Yunlong Gao ◽  
Ning Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Beneficial Action ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Objective Cold exposure is associated with increased prevalence of hypertension and the related severe cardiovascular events. Aberrant activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role in the development of hypertension. Tranilast (TR), an inhibitor of NLRP3, provides a useful pharmacological probe for exploring the role of NLRP3 in pathogenesis associated with inflammation and its potential application as a therapeutic agent. This study was designed to examine the effects of TR on NLRP3 and hypertension in rats exposed to cold environment to simulate the frigid-zone conditions. Methods and results Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to moderate cold temperature (4±1°C), and then were randomized to receive TR or vehicle for 3 weeks, while the control group was raised under rat room temperature (RT, 23±1°C). We found that cold exposure substantially increased blood pressure, NLRP3 inflammasome level, and fibrosis in aorta, which were reversed by TR. Conclusion TR has an anti-hypertensive property in cold environment, and this beneficial action is likely conferred by its inhibitory effects on inflammation and fibrosis. These findings suggest TR as a potential drug for the treatment of cold-induced hypertension.

Nocturnal Melatonin Excretion is Decreased in Patients With Migraine Without Aura Attacks Associated With Menses

Cephalalgia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brun ◽  
B Claustrat ◽  
P Saddier ◽  
G Chazot
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Migraine Group ◽  
The Mean

Nocturnal melatonin excretion was studied throughout a complete menstrual cycle in 10 women with migraine without aura attacks associated with menses and 9 women controls. Urine melatonin was determined by radioimmunoassay. The mean nocturnal melatonin excretion throughout the cycle was significantly lower in the migraine patients than in controls. In the control group, melatonin excretion increased significantly from the follicular to the luteal phase, whereas no difference was observed in the migraine group. Results are discussed in view of the role of the pineal gland in the organization of biological rhythms and homeostasis in relation to environmental conditions.

scholarly journals The Role of Pineal Gland and Exogenous Melatonin on the Irradiation Stress Response of Suprarenal Gland

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Aličelebić ◽  
Zakira Mornjaković ◽  
Irfan Šuško ◽  
Esad Ćosović ◽  
Amira Beganović-Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Suprarenal Gland ◽  
Irradiation Stress ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

Pineal gland has and antistressogenic role. Its main hormone, melatonin, has radio protective effect on endocrine and other dynamic tissues. In our previous study, we have shown that pinealectomy changes the behavior of suprarenal gland in totally irradiated rats. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exogenous melatonin on suprarenal gland of rats with or without pineal gland. Four months after pinealectomy (experimental group) or shampinealectomy (control group), adult Wistar male rats were daily treated with 0,2 mg of melatoninintraperitoneally, during two weeks. Thereafter, all animals were totally irradiated with 8 Gy of Gamma rays produced from Cobalt 60. Animals who survived were sacrificed on the 17(th) post irradiation day. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the suprarenal gland were studied using histological methods. The results show that exogenous melatonin had protective role on suprarenal gland in totally irradiated rats and that those effects were more pronounced in the presence of pineal gland.

scholarly journals Role of Food Consumption in the Mortality Response of Irradiated Rats Subjected to Prolonged Cold Exposure

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard D. Newsom ◽  
Donald J. Kimeldorf
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mortality Response ◽  
Maintain Body Weight ◽  
Inadequate Food Intake

Prolonged exposure to a low ambient temperature increases the 30-day mortality rate of irradiated rats. To determine if the increased mortality is due to a failure of the irradiated rat to adapt to the higher metabolic demands of a cold environment, the food consumption of irradiated (500r, 600r, 250 kv x-rays) animals was measured during 30 days of exposure at normal (23°C) or lowered (6°C) environmental temperature. The food consumption of irradiated animals was increased by exposure to cold; however, this increase was not sufficient to maintain body weight at a level comparable to nonirradiated animals. When the food consumption of nonirradiated animals was limited to that of irradiated animals during exposure to a 6°C environment, the mortality observed among nonirradiated animals was comparable to the increase in mortality induced by cold exposure of irradiated animals. These results suggest that the increased mortality rate of irradiated animals in a cold environment is related to an inadequate food intake.

scholarly journals Role of articular disc in cartilaginous growth of the mandible in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Xiao ◽  
Hidetaka Hayashi ◽  
Tadashi Fujita ◽  
Maya Shirakura ◽  
Yuji Tsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Structure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Articular Disc ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Tmj Disc

Displacement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc causes a lateral shift of the mandible and less-developed and/or distally located mandible unilaterally and bilaterally, respectively, if occurred in growing individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate mandibular condylar growth in growing rats after TMJ discectomy and to explore a certain significant role of articular disc in the TMJ in mandibular or cartilaginous growth. Eighteen 4-week-old Wistar strain male rats were divided into two groups with nine in each group, i.e., rats with TMJ discectomy (discectomy group) and only sham operation (control group). Four weeks after initiating the experiment, morphometric analyses of the mandible were performed using a rat and mouse cephalometer and micro-computed tomography. Then, the mandibular condyles were subjected to histomorphometric analyses. Condylar and mandibular growth was reduced significantly in the discectomy group than in the control group. In the discectomy group, the condyle also became flatter and smaller. In addition, the 4-layer structure of condylar cartilage was unclear with thicker fibrous and thinner lower hypertrophic layers in the discectomy group when compared to the controls. It is shown that resection of the articular disc substantially affects condylar and mandibular growth in terms of the cartilaginous growth, suggesting that TMJ disc is indispensable for maintaining normal growth of the condyle and mandible, leading to optimal development of the TMJ and the entire mandible.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

The Use of Posterior Pericardiotomy Technique to Prevent Postoperative Pericardial Effusion in Cardiac Surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canturk Cakalagaoglu ◽  
Cengiz Koksal ◽  
Ayse Baysal ◽  
Gokhan Alici ◽  
Birol Ozkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Pericardial Tamponade ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Echocardiographic Study ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hospital Stays

<p><b>Aim:</b> The goal was to determine the effectiveness of the posterior pericardiotomy technique in preventing the development of early and late pericardial effusions (PEs) and to determine the role of anxiety level for the detection of late pericardial tamponade (PT).</p><p><b>Materials and Methods:</b> We divided 100 patients randomly into 2 groups, the posterior pericardiotomy group (n = 50) and the control group (n = 50). All patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG), valvular heart surgery, or combined valvular and CABG surgeries were included. The posterior pericardiotomy technique was performed in the first group of 50 patients. Evaluations completed preoperatively, postoperatively on day 1, before discharge, and on postoperative days 5 and 30 included electrocardiographic study, chest radiography, echocardiographic study, and evaluation of the patient's anxiety level. Postoperative causes of morbidity and durations of intensive care unit and hospital stays were recorded.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The 2 groups were not significantly different with respect to demographic and operative data (<i>P</i> > .05). Echocardiography evaluations revealed no significant differences between the groups preoperatively; however, before discharge the control group had a significantly higher number of patients with moderate, large, and very large PEs compared with the pericardiotomy group (<i>P</i> < .01). There were 6 cases of late PT in the control group, whereas there were none in the pericardiotomy group (<i>P</i> < .05). Before discharge and on postoperative day 15, the patients in the pericardiotomy group showed significant improvement in anxiety levels (<i>P</i> = .03 and .004, respectively). No differences in postoperative complications were observed between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Pericardiotomy is a simple, safe, and effective method for reducing the incidence of PE and late PT after cardiac surgery. It also has the potential to provide a better quality of life.</p>

The Estimation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in patients with prostatitis by fully automated ELISA technique.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Hussein Naeem Aldhaheri ◽  
Ihsan Edan AlSaimary ◽  
Murtadha Mohammed ALMusafer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
And Control

      The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of  Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. This study shows the effect of PSA level in patients with prostatitis and control group, with P-value <0.0001 therefore the study shows a positive significant between elevated PSA levels and Prostatitis.

A new method for the experimental induction of secundary biliary cirrhosis in wistar rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracinda De Lourdes Jorge ◽  
Luiz Sergio Leonardi ◽  
Ilka de Fatima Santana Ferreira Boin ◽  
Orlando de Castro e Silva Jr ◽  
Cecilia Amelia Fazzio Escanhoela
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Technical Failure ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Duct Ligation

The aim of this study was to describe a method for the induction of experimental secondary biliary fibrosis (SBF). Forty-seven Wistar rats were submitted to hepatic duct obstruction (OB group) for thirty days without ligature, section or cannulization causing interruption of biliary flow. This technique was carried out by simple traction of the bile duct passing it through the xiphoid appendix. Nine rats were submitted to a sham operation for bile duct stricture and seven rats comprised the control group. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (AP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Liver fragments were removed for morphological study. Thirty days after surgery TB, AP, ALT and AST levels were significantly increased in the hepatic duct ligation group compared to the sham operated group and the presence of SBF in the OB group was confirmed by morphological study of the liver. There was technical failure in 31.92% cases. The survival was 100% at fifteen days and 82.97% at the end of the experiment. We concluded that this simple surgical technique may be used to study the consequence of bile duct obstruction which could be a reversible process depending on the obstruction time. This technique can be carried out from cholestasis to fibrosis.

Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hafiko Andresni ◽  
Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽  
Winda Septiani ◽  
Mitra Mitra ◽  
Lita Lita
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

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