Threat as a Determinant of Alcohol-Related Aggression

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Aggressive Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partner Aggression ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Pure Alcohol

An experimental study was performed within a modified version of the Buss “aggression-machine” paradigm testing the hypothesis that threat will inhibit aggression in intoxicated subjects given that threat is not unavoidable. 40 males were randomly assigned to either an alcohol group, drinking .08 ml of pure alcohol per kg body weight, or a placebo group, drinking only tonic. Half of the subjects in each group were exposed to a threat and the other half to no threat. At 10 opportunities subjects could choose between a nonaggressive response or an aggressive response in the form of an electric shock given to a bogus partner. Aggression was estimated in terms of number of aggressive responses, the intensity and duration of these responses, and response latency. Results clearly confirmed the hypothesis and were discussed theoretically in a model combining pharmacological and psychological factors.

scholarly journals The effect of sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) on placental Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA) expression of pregnant mice infected by Plasmodium berghei

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Nasrul Wahdi ◽  
Widjiati Widjiati ◽  
Aty Widyawaruyanti ◽  
Budi Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Drug Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate A

Objectives: To determine the effect of Sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) in reducing the placental Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA) Expression of pregnant mice infected Plasmodiumberghei.Materials and Methods: Experimental study using 24 pregnant mice were divided into 4 groups with randomization. Uninfected group, the placebo group, the Sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) group and the DHP tablet (as a standart drug) group. The last three groups, were infected with P. bergheion day 9th of pregnancy, and the treatment was started at day 11th of pregnancy, and samples were terminated at day 15th of pregnancy by surgery. Placental sampling were stained with Tunnel assay to measure placental CSA antibodies.Results: The placental Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA) expression. Uninfected group compared to Sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) groups was not significantly different (p>0.05), uninfected group compared with the other treatment groups differ meaningfully (p<0.05). Placebo group compared with all groups significantly different (p<0.05). Sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) group compared to uninfected group (p>0.05) was not significantly different, with another group was significantly different (p<0.05). DHP tablet group compared to all the groups was significantly different (p<0.05).Conclusion: Placental Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA)expression of mice infected by Plasmodium berghei treated with Sambiloto tablet (AS201-01) lower than DHP tablet. 

Alcohol-Related Aggression: A Further Study of the Importance of Frustration

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Alcohol Dose ◽  
Emotional Aggression ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Placebo Drink

This experiment investigated aggression as an interactive effect of alcohol and frustration in a situation where frustration was defined as strong and arbitrary and aggression as instrumental. 40 male subjects were randomly assigned to either an alcohol or a placebo group, each group further divided into an aggressive-cue group and a no-aggressive-cue group. Subjects either consumed an alcohol dose of 0.8 ml of pure alcohol per kg body weight or a placebo drink. Intensity and duration of shocks administered by subjects to a bogus partner in a supervision “cover task” were measures of relative aggression and absolute aggression was defined as number of shocks given. The aggressive cue manipulation had no effect, and both absolute and relative aggression increased only when intoxicated subjects were frustrated. Aggression was clearly of an instrumental kind with no ingredients of emotional aggression. The different dependent measures were highly intercorrelated and not associated with different types of aggression. The results were discussed as supportive of a model proposing a shift in attentional processes under alcohol to salient external features.

scholarly journals Wearing a face mask against Covid-19 results in a reduction of social distancing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243023
Author(s):  
Alice Cartaud ◽  
François Quesque ◽  
Yann Coello
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Risk Areas

In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, barrier gestures such as regular hand-washing, social distancing, and wearing a face mask are highly recommended. Critically, interpersonal distance (IPD) depends on the affective dimension of social interaction, which might be affected by the current Covid-19 context. In the present internet-based experimental study, we analyzed the preferred IPD of 457 French participants when facing human-like characters that were either wearing a face mask or displaying a neutral, happy or angry facial expression. Results showed that IPD was significantly reduced when characters were wearing a face mask, as they were perceived as more trustworthy compared to the other conditions. Importantly, IPD was even more reduced in participants infected with Covid-19 or living in low-risk areas, while it was not affected by the predicted health of the characters. These findings shed further light on the psychological factors that motivate IPD adjustments, in particular when facing a collective threat. They are also of crucial importance for policy makers as they reveal that despite the indisputable value of wearing a face mask in the current pandemic context, their use should be accompanied by an emphasis on social distancing to prevent detrimental health consequences.

Turnover and Distribution of 131Iodine-Labelled Human Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 404-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Amris ◽  
C. J Amris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Coagulation Defects ◽  
Fractional Turnover

Summary14 patients (5 diabetics with arteriosclerotic complications, 4 patients with thrombo-embolic disease, 4 with cirrhosis, coagulation defects and increased fibrinolytic activity, and 1 cancer patient) and 3 control patients were subjected to turnover studies with 13iodine labelled human fibrinogen.Half-life times in the control patients were found to be 4 days, the fractional turnover rates 19–23 per cent, of intravascular fibrinogen per day, and the absolute turnover 0.02 to 0.06 gm per day per kg. body weight. The other patient’s half-life times and turnover rates varied considerably from 0.9–5.5 days, 13–160 per cent, per day of intravascular fibrinogen and 0.02–0.4 gm per day per kg. body weight respectively.As fibrinogen unlike other proteins subjected to turnover studies, is converted to fibrin, it is not possible to measure the true intra-extravascular distribution ratio of fibrinogen. But intravascular fibrinogen could be approximated to constitute 68–99 per cent, of the total fibrinogen. There is justification in believing that fibrinogen is degradated through a continuous coagulation in equilibrium with fibrinolysis, and that the organism contains a greater mass of fibrin, the “fibrin pool”. Considerations of the turnover mechanism can however only be hypothetical.

scholarly journals Dental pulp stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor facilitate the repair of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
Narayan Nepal ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Ningning Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Colon Injury ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent disease without satisfactory treatment strategies. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has been proposed as a potential therapy for UC. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the rat hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene transduced into DPSCs for UC. Methods The therapeutic effects of HGF-DPSCs transplanted intravenously into a rat model of UC induced by 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) were compared with the other treatment groups (LV-HGF group, DPSCs group and GFP-DPSCs group). Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the localization and proliferation of HGF-DPSCs at the site of colon injury. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. The oxidative stress markers were detected by ELISA. DAI scores and body weight changes were used to macroscopically evaluate the treatment of rats in each group. Results Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays showed that HGF-DPSCs homed to colon injury sites and colocalized with intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers (Bmi1, Musashi1 and Sox9) and significantly promoted protein expression (Bmi1, Musashi1, Sox9 and PCNA). Anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β and IL-10) expression was the highest in the HGF-DPSCs group compared with the other treatment groups, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ) was the lowest. Additionally, the oxidative stress response results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression increased, especially in the HGF-DPSCs group. The DAI scores showed a downward trend with time in the five treatment groups, whereas body weight increased, and the changes were most prominent in the HGF-DPSCs group. Conclusions The study indicated that HGF-DPSCs can alleviate injuries to the intestinal mucosa by transdifferentiating into ISC-like cells, promoting ISC-like cell proliferation, suppressing inflammatory responses and reducing oxidative stress damage, which provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of UC.

Effectiveness of Virtual Resilience Training on Assertiveness in Student Girls Aged 9–10 Years: A 1-Month Follow-Up

2021 ◽  
pp. 105984052110135
Author(s):  
Shima Gadari ◽  
Jamile Farokhzadian ◽  
Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resilience Training

Girls between the ages of 9 and 10 begin to experience physical, physiological, and hormonal changes that may lead to internal stress. At this age, children are struggling for autonomy; on the other hand, they may experience emotional instability, and for these reasons, they may be vulnerable in many ways. This experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of resilience training on assertiveness in student girls aged 9–10. Data were collected before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention in the control ( n = 40) and intervention ( n = 37) groups. There was a significant difference between the assertiveness of the intervention immediately (26.80 ± 3.73) and 1 month after the intervention (27.05 ± 3.73), and assertiveness significantly increased in the intervention group ( p = .0001). Resilience training leads to improvements in assertiveness in student girls aged 9–10.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fat Composition and 2’Fucosyllactose on Neonatal Piglet Growth and Organ Lipid Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1038-1038
Author(s):  
Michael Miklus ◽  
Pedro Prieto ◽  
Cynthia Barber ◽  
Robert Rhoads ◽  
Samer El-Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of 2’fucosyllactose (2’FL) and fat blends on growth, body composition and fatty acid profile of the liver and brain using the neonatal pig as a model for the human infant. Methods Pigs (3 d old) were randomly assigned to either: 1. control, 2. Palm Olein (PO) fat blend – Low 2'-FL, 3. PO – High 2'-FL, 4. High oleic acid (HO) – Low 2'-FL, 5. HO FB – High 2'-FL, 6. PO FB – GLA, or 7. kept with their sows. Pigs in groups 1 to 6 received 250 ml·kg−1·d−1 of formula in 5 equal meals for 15 d. On day 14 of the study, groups 1–6 received intraperitoneal E. coli LPS challenge at 100 µg·kg−1 weight. Results Body weight was greater for piglets fed by sows than those in the other groups (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, % fat and bone mineral content were higher in the sow-fed group while lean % was less sow-fed piglets (group 7) compared with those in the other groups (P &lt; 0.05). Only longissimus weight expressed as a % of body weight, was greater for group 7 compared with all other groups (P &lt; 0.001). Soleus, semitendinosus, brain, heart and spleen weights as a % of body weight were similar across all groups. However, liver weight as a % of body weight was greater in groups 1–6 (3.7%) compared with group 7 (2.8%; P &lt; 0.001). The proportion of brain 16:1 fatty acid was less (0.83%) for groups 1–6 than for group 7 pigs (1.08%; P &lt; 0.0001). The proportion of 20:3 N6 was greatest (0.66%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 4 (0.55%; P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the proportion of 20:5 N3 was greatest (0.12%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 7 (0.07%; P &lt; 0.05). The proportion of liver 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 cis-11 fatty acids were greater for group 7 (2.3, 23, 2.2%) than groups 1–6 (0.2, 20, 1.2%; P &lt; 0.0001). Conversely, the contribution of 14:0, 18:1 cis-9, 18:3 N6 cis-6,9,12, and 22:6 N3 were greater for pigs in groups 1–6 (1.3, 0.6, and 14, 7.8%) compared with those in group 7 (0.5, 8.5, 0.2 and 3.5%; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions Our data suggest that feeding 2’fucosyllactose had no effect on the body weight gain and composition in neonatal pigs. Our data also suggest that dietary fatty acids have a greater effect on liver than on brain fatty acid composition. Funding Sources Funding for the work was provided by Perrigo Nutritionals, LLC.

Study of wave attenuation in concrete

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2344-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-M. Berthelot ◽  
Souda M. Ben ◽  
J.L. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Analytical Expression

The experimental study of wave attenuation in concrete has been achieved in the case of the propagation of plane waves in concrete rods. Different mortars and concretes have been investigated. A transmitter transducer coupled to one of the ends of the concrete rod generates the propagation of a plane wave in the rod. The receiver transducer, similar to the previous one, is coupled to the other end of the rod. The experimental results lead to an analytical expression for wave attenuation as function of the concrete composition, the propagation distance, and the wave frequency.

Experimental Study on Racetrack-Shaped Holes Impingement Cooling With Bump Type Roughening Element

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiyuki Nakamata ◽  
Yoji Okita ◽  
Takashi Yamane ◽  
Yoshitaka Fukuyama ◽  
Toyoaki Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flow Condition ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Main Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
Target Plate ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Impingement Cooling ◽  
Cooling Air

Cooling effectiveness of an impingement cooling with array of racetrack-shaped impingement holes is investigated. Two types of specimens are investigated. One is a plain target plate and the other is a plate roughened with bump type elements. Sensitivity of relative location of bump to impingement hole on the cooling effectiveness is also investigated. Experiments are conducted under three different mainflow Reynolds numbers ranging from 2.6×105 to 4.7×105, with four different cooling air Reynolds numbers for each main flow condition. The cooling air Reynolds numbers are in the range from 1.2×103 to 1.3×104.

Breeding

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Early Puberty

Investigation into the differences between Barneveld and White Leghorn breeds from a genetical and breeding technic point of view. Report to the Committee of the Netherlands Genetic Society regarding breeding tests with poultry in 1926–1927 and 1928–1929. A. L. Hagedoorn. Züchtungskunde, 1930, p.450.The investigation was carried out in four directions: 1) It was to be ascertained whether a correlation exists between various continuing characteristics appearing in combination in two breeds of poultry (Aziatic and Meditteranean breeds) (coloured eggs, white eggs, white ears, light body weight and early puberty in the other). 2) It was to be investigated whether it was possible to incorporate the qualities of „Brown Egg” and „Early Puberty” in a good laying utility breed. 3) The question was to be treated what gens have influence on the colour of the egg, the colour of the plumage, the colour of the feet etc. 4) Finally data, relating to the value of cross-breeds and their progeny as utility poultry were to be gathered.

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