scholarly journals Potential of Inter- and Intra-Species Variability of CHD1 Gene in Birds as a Forensic Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Dajana Davitkov ◽  
Milos Vucicevic ◽  
Uros Glavinic ◽  
Ivan Skadric ◽  
Vladimir Nesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Sex Identification ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Song Birds ◽  
Wildlife Trafficking ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Species Variability

Abstract Nowadays, illegal trafficking and smuggling of animals are among the greatest threats to many avian species. Most commonly smuggled birds belong to parrots, song birds, raptor species and owls. All of these species are protected by national and international legislations. In order to prevent and reduce wildlife trafficking, DNA methods have become an important forensic tool in species and sex identification. In this study, CHD1R/CHD1F primer pair was used to amplify a part of the CHD1 gene from 65 birds that belong to 43 species. For 36 species this is the first time that the length of CHD1 amplicons was measured for the purpose of species determination. The results were visualized using capillary electrophoresis and enabled simultaneous determination of sex and species. Based on the number of amplicons (two in females, one in males) sex was successfully determined in all species, even in cases where gel electrophoresis failed to give results. Moreover, the species was successfully determined in most bird species based on the species-specific sizes of CHD1 amplicon. The method used in this study is of great importance for veterinary forensic medicine and the prevention of wildlife smuggling. Still, further work is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of the method in all bird species.

Cercarial dimensions and surface structures as a tool for species determination of Trichobilharzia spp.

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Podhorský ◽  
Zuzana Huůzová ◽  
Libor Mikeš ◽  
Petr Horák
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Papillary Pattern

AbstractCercariae of bird schistosomes are traditionally considered to be very similar in their morphological characteristics. In order to solve the problem, we tested some methods which might be suitable for cercarial differentiation. Fourteen isolates of three Trichobilharzia species (T. szidati, T. franki, T. regenti) occurring sympatrically in Central Europe were used. Dimensions of individual cercariae do not represent a useful criterion for identification, because the intraspecific variability exceeds the interspecific one. On the other hand, chaetotaxy appears a promising way for discrimination, although some sensory papillae do not stain sufficiently with silver nitrate. The papillary pattern (i.e. number and relative position of papillae) is specific for all Trichobilharzia species studied by us. Therefore, we compiled an identification key for the three Trichobilharzia species. In addition, we tried to find species-specific surface saccharide epitopes; none of the labeled lectin probes can be used as a speciesspecific marker.

Within and between population variations of incubation rhythm of great tits Parus major

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1827-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Álvarez ◽  
Emilio Barba
Keyword(s):  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Central European ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Incubation Rhythm

Uniparental incubation frequently means that eggs remain unattended for periods where the incubating bird is foraging out of the nest. The determination of incubation rhythms (i.e., the length and temporal pattern of incubation sessions) and the factors which affect them are therefore important to understand life-history trade-offs. We described the incubation rhythm and its temporal variation of a southern European great tit Parus major population, and review previous studies to check for latitudinal trends. In the studied population, females were active (from first exit in the morning to last entrance in the evening) 12.5 h per day, performing incubation sessions (on-bouts) of 26 min and recesses (off-bouts) of 12 min. Thus, they were incubating around 67% of their active day, or 83% of the whole day. Attentiveness (% of time incubating) increased throughout the incubation period, due to shorter off-bouts. The active day was longer as the number of daylight hours increased. We show for the first time in a bird species that attentiveness was constant along a latitudinal gradient ranging from Norway to Spain. Females spend a higher proportion of the daylight hours out of the nest as latitude decreases, compensating incubation time during the longer nights. Off-bouts were shorter in central European populations, increasing towards the north and the south, while on-bouts showed no latitudinal variation.

scholarly journals Muscle attachment site patterns for species determination in West Palaearctic Wohlfahrtia (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) of medical and veterinary importance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senta Niederegger ◽  
Kamran Akbarzadeh ◽  
Krzysztof Szpila
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Muscle Attachment ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Muscle Attachment Sites

AbstractThe flesh fly genus Wohlfahrtia Brauer & Bergenstamm contains at least six species of medical and veterinary importance. Traditional methods of species identification in specimens of Wohlfahrtia, however, are restricted mostly to adult forms. Muscle attachment site (MAS) patterns allow for species determination in larval forms. MAS patterns in third instar larvae of six common West Palearctic species of Wohlfahrtia have been analyzed for this study. As in previously investigated Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae, MAS patterns were found to be species specific. A genus pattern was established to be used as base for comparison in further species determination. For the first time a tool is provided for species identification of such broad range in larvae of Wohlfahrtia species. Wohlfahrtia patterns are composed of a significantly higher number of MAS than patterns found in Sarcophaga. Specifics of the six species analyzed are explained in detail. The larvae of the well-known species W. magnifica, an obligate traumatic myiasis agent, had to be excluded from the analysis as a great number of spines on the outside obscure muscle attachment sites on the inside of the cuticle.

Ecology of Helicoverpa-Armigera (Hubner) and Heliothis-Punctigera (Wallengren) in the Inland of Australia - Larval Sampling and Host-Plant Relationships During Winter and Spring

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Zalucki ◽  
DAH Murray ◽  
PC Gregg ◽  
GP Fitt ◽  
PH Twine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
First Time

Extensive surveys during the winter months in inland areas of Australia have greatly extended both the range and known hosts of Australia's two pest Helicoverpa species. H. punctigera was the more common species, being collected from c. half of the sites sampled. Here a further 47 plant species in 8 families are recorded as possible host plants; the majority (all except two) are new records of native hosts, and greatly extend the existing lists. H. armigera was less common, being recorded from c. 10% of the 554 sites sampled. This species was reared from 28 species in 10 plant families. Both moth species are recorded for the first time from various native plant species, predominantly in the Asteraceae and Fabaceae. The Goodeniaceae is also added to the host list of both species. Determination of the status of host plants is discussed.

Disability as a social phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalia Guseva ◽  
Vitaliy Berdutin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consistent Solution ◽  
First Time

At present, the problem of establishing disability is a point at issue in Russia. Despite the fact that medical criteria for disability are being developed very actively, high-quality methods for assessing social hallmarks are still lacking. Since disability is a phenomenon inherent in any society, each state forms a social and economic policy for people with disabilities in accordance with its level of development, priorities and opportunities. We have proposed a three-stage model, which includes a system for the consistent solution of the main tasks aimed at studying the causes and consequences of the problems encountered today in the social protection of citizens with health problems. The article shows why the existing approaches to the determination of disability and rehabilitation programs do not correspond to the current state of Russian society and why a decrease in the rate of persons recognized as disabled for the first time does not indicate an improvement in the health of the population. The authors proposed a number of measures with a view to correcting the situation according to the results of the study.

Phytochemical Constituents of Annona reticulata and their Cytotoxic Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Ty Viet Pham ◽  
Thang Quoc Le ◽  
Anh Tuan Le ◽  
Hung Quoc Vo ◽  
Duc Viet Ho
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Structural Determination ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time ◽  
Annona Reticulata

A phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Annona reticulata led to the isolation and structural determination of β-sitosterol (1), ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (2), ent-pimara- 8(14),15-dien-19-ol (3), quercetin (4), quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (5), and a mixture of quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (6a) and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6b). Of these, compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from the genus Annona for the first time. Compound 3 showed strong cytotoxicity against SK-LU-1 and SW626 cell lines with IC50 values of 17.64 ± 1.07 and 19.79 ± 1.41 μg mL-1, respectively.

Development of an HPLC-UV Method for Quantification of Stattic

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-573
Author(s):  
Soheil Sedaghat ◽  
Ommoleila Molavi ◽  
Akram Faridi ◽  
Ali Shayanfar ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Dimerization Inhibitor ◽  
Oncogenic Protein ◽  
First Time ◽  
Transcription 3

Background: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an oncogenic protein found constitutively active in many types of human malignancies, is considered to be a promising target for cancer therapy. Objective: In this study for the first time, a simple and accurate method has been developed for the determination of a STAT3 dimerization inhibitor called stattic in aqueous and plasma samples. Methods: A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) composed of C18 column as stationary phase, and the mixture of acetonitrile (60%) and water (40%) as mobile phase with a UV detection at 215 nm were applied for quantification of stattic. The developed method was validated by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline. Results: The method provided a linear range between 1-40 and 2.5-40 µg mL-1 for aqueous and plasma samples, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The accuracy (as recovery) of the developed method was found to be between 95-105% for aqueous medium and 85-115% for plasma samples. The precision (as relative standard deviation) for aqueous and plasma samples was less than 6% and 15%, respectively. The sensitivity of the developed method based on FDA guideline was 1 µg mL-1 for aqueous and 2.5 µg mL-1 for plasma samples. Conclusion: These results show that the established method is a fast and accurate quantification for stattic in aqueous and plasma samples.

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