scholarly journals Pregnancy outcome and delivery in Spanish and migrant women: an ecological approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bernis ◽  
Carlos Varea
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Ethnic Variability

Abstract For most of our history as a species, maternal constraint was the main environmental factor affecting biological status at birth. However, the great increase in medical intervention in the20th Century coincided first with an extraordinary reduction in perinatal mortality and later with an increase in preterm and low birth-weight babies. Herein, we analyze these temporary trends in neonate biology in Spain, according to early viability (1980-2010) and ethnic variability (1996-2010). The aim of this study is to evaluate the interaction between maternal and medical environmental constraints affecting the biology of birth and to understand the observed ethnic differences and secular trends. All single births in Spain between 1980 and 2010 are included. Following descriptive analysis, logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of secular trends, mode of delivery and mother’s origin on birth outcome after adjustment for other maternal bio-cultural factors. Results highlighted that mean birth weight decreased and prematurity increased in still births, live births and deaths before one day. In regard to ethnic differences, while there were no secular trends in weight by gestational age in the Spanish newborns, there was an increase among the newborns of foreign mothers. Spanish mothers experienced an increasing and higher frequency of low birth weight, while foreigners had an increasing and higher frequency of prematurity. Both groups, however, shared temporal reduction in gestational age, and although this was less marked in foreigners, it suggests a common trend related to medical care and increasing obstetric interventions

scholarly journals Maternal Characteristics and Temporal Trends in Birth Outcomes: Comparison between Spanish and Migrant Mothers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Varea ◽  
Cristina Bernis ◽  
Antonio González González
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reproductive Pattern

Low birth weight and preterm babies have been increasing in Spain since 1980, coinciding with important changes in the social and demographic structure of childbearing populations—including the contribution of a 25% of foreign mothers—and with increasing medical intervention in births. This study, based on 5,990,613 births, compares the temporary trends in reproductive patterns and birth outcomes in Spanish and foreign mothers during the period 1996–2009 and evaluates for the years 2007 to 2009 the relative contribution of mother's origin and Caesarean section to birth weight variability. Foreign mothers maintain their own reproductive pattern, whereas negative birth outcomes increase in all groups. Results from logistic regression analysis show that besides late maternity and primiparity also Caesarean section increases the risk for low birth weight. The reduction in Caesarean section rates between 2007 and 2009 might explain the reduction of low birth weight detected. A change of tendency simultaneously appears in most maternal and newborn characteristics, and in the mode of delivery in all ethnic groups since 2008. Coincidence in the timing of the change of trends points to a common factor. We suggest that the current world financial crisis could be this common cause, a hypothesis to be contrasted in future research.

Antenatal Azithromycin to Prevent Preterm Birth in Pregnant women with Vaginal Cerclage. A Randomized Controlled Trial

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Hassan Mostafa ◽  
Sherif Ahmed Ashoush ◽  
Hassan Awwad Bayoumy ◽  
Wessam Kamal Lotfy Gabr
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gestational Age At Delivery

Abstract Background Preterm birth with its complications is one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as maternal morbidity, especially in low and middle-income countries. Cervical cerclage is a well-established preventive tool in women at high risk of preterm birth; however, subclinical maternal infection might still cause failure of this method. Thus, adding prophylactic antibiotics, namely macrolides, could prevent preterm birth. Patients and methods This was a randomized controlled clinical trial involving two groups of women who underwent vaginal cerclage at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. One group received azithromycin 500mg one tablet orally once daily for 3 days every month from 14th week to 34th week gestation, in addition to routine antenatal care; while the other group received usual antenatal care without antibiotic prophylaxis after cerclage. Follow-up was done and we compared the outcomes in each group: gestational age at delivery, birth weight, mode of delivery, maternal complications, and perinatal complications. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04278937. Results Gestational age at delivery was significantly higher in the azithromycin group (36.8weeks vs 34.1weeks; P = 0.017), with significant prolongation of gestation in the azithromycin group (23.7weeks vs 21.1weeks; P = 0.005). As regards birth weight, it was significantly higher in the azithromycin group (2932.6gm vs 2401.8gm; P = 0.006); however babies with low birth weight (birth weight <2500gm) were non-significantly less frequent in the azithromycin group (3cases vs 7cases; P = 0.165). There was no significant difference between the two groups as regards other outcomes (miscarriage, stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, antepartum hemorrhage, postpartum pyrexia, need for blood transfusion). Conclusion Adding azithromycin as antenatal prophylaxis in women undergoing vaginal cerclage prolongs pregnancy and reduces risk of PTB, with slight increase in birth weight. However, there was no clear effect on incidence of low birth weight, or perinatal morbidity/mortality.

scholarly journals Glycemic status in exclusively breast fed low birth weight babies In first 72 hours of life in a teriary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Vithal Rao S. Natta ◽  
Deepthi Pagali ◽  
Venkata Priyanka Dandugula ◽  
Sowjanya Bhanu Veera
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Neonatal hypoglycaemia, a common metabolic problem, often goes unnoticed owing to lack of specific symptoms. It can lead to considerable mortality and morbidity with long term neurological sequelae. Adequate breast feeding play an important role in maintaining normal glucose levels. So, this study is done to assess the incidence of hypoglycaemia in exclusively breast fed low birth weight babies, both term and preterm neonates and evaluate the impact of early breast feeding on glycaemic status upto 72 hours of life.Methods: This study was conducted over 12 month period involving 236 AGA (Appropriate for gestational age), SGA (Small for gestational age) babies with birth weight between 1.6-2.49 kg. Blood glucose values were measured at birth, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h and 72h of life after delivery which was independent of feeding time. Hypoglycaemia was assessed against age of onset, gestational age, sex of baby, mode of delivery and time of initiation of breast feeding.Results: Total 56 episodes of hypoglycaemia were recorded in 52 babies of which 46 (27%) were term SGA babies and 6(8%) were preterm AGA babies (p=0.00148). The incidence of hypoglycaemia was found to be 22%, highest during the first 24 hours of life (93%) and delayed breast feeding is the most commonly noted risk factor (p=0.00024).Conclusions: Low birth babies are more prone to develop hypoglycaemia especially in first 24 hours of life with delayed introduction of breast feeding being one of the common risk factors and asymptomatic hypoglycaemia can be managed with frequent breast feeding without any formula feeds.

scholarly journals Retinopathy of prematurity in preterm babies in a local medical college and hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Shantisena Mishra ◽  
Anjali Saji ◽  
Saiprasanna Behera ◽  
Sridhar Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Preterm Babies

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity is a multifactorial vasoproliferative retinal disease that increases in incidence with decreasing gestational age and is one of the leading causes of preventable childhood blindness in India. Advances in neonatology have led to dramatic increase in survival of preterm neonates and in turn, to the risk of developing ROP. Since most of the risk factors associated with ROP mentioned above arise in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) itself and most of them are avoidable, cautious monitoring of the risk factors, early screening, follow up and surgical intervention have been shown to reduce the incidence and improve the outcome of ROP.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted for a period of 2 years. A total of 151 infants admitted in NICU /SNCU who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Initial and follow up screening was conducted in three phases the results were documented in proforma after ethical clearance.Results: Comparison of risk factors between eyes with and without ROP was done using Chi-square test. A p-value of<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Incidence of ROP in centre is found to be 33.8%. Among maternal risk factors, multiple gestation and PROM/PPROM is found to be significant in the development of ROP from this study. However, mode of delivery and gestational hypertension, were found to be not significant in ROP. Among neonatal risk factors, low birth weight, lower gestational age, prolonged oxygen exposure, blood transfusion, mechanical ventilation, sepsis, phototherapy was found to be significant in this study.Conclusions: ROP, being an emerging cause for potentially blinding visual disability, needs to be diagnosed early. Due to the advancements in neonatology and better survival of preterm babies, timely screening, regular follow up, early detection and intervention is mandatory. A multidisciplinary approach is required in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Proper counselling and motivation for parents of preterm and low birth weight babies for regular follow up is also essential.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to organic particles and combustion products during pregnancy and birth outcome in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Norlén ◽  
Per Gustavsson ◽  
Pernilla Wiebert ◽  
Lars Rylander ◽  
Magnus Westgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Absence From Work

ObjectiveTo study if children of women exposed to organic particles and combustion products at work during pregnancy, have an increased risk of low birth weight, preterm birth or small for gestational age.MethodsA nationwide cohort of all occupationally active mothers and their children from single births during 1994 to the end of 2012 (1 182 138 observations) was formed. Information on birth outcome was obtained from the medical birth register. Information on absence from work, education, occupation, age, nationality and smoking habits was obtained from national registers. A job exposure matrix (FINJEM) was used to assess the exposure.ResultsPregnant women with low absence from work and high (>50th percentile) exposure to organic particles had an increased risk of giving birth to children with low birth weight (OR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.32), small for gestational age (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.38) or preterm birth (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.27). Subgroup analyses showed an increased risk of small for gestational age in association with exposure to oil mist. Exposure to oil mist and cooking fumes was associated with low birth weight. Paper and other organic dust was associated with preterm birth. Exposure to combustion products showed an increased risk of small for gestational age (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.71).ConclusionsThe results indicate that occupational exposure to organic particles or combustion products during pregnancy is associated with restriction of fetal growth and preterm birth. More studies are needed to confirm a casual association.

scholarly journals A study on maternal factors affecting low birth weight in institutional deliveries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4245
Author(s):  
Chaithra A. ◽  
Mahantappa A. Chiniwar ◽  
Sharada B. Menasinkai
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
School Level

Background: Low birth weight is defined as birth weight below 2500 mg. WHO states prevalence of LBW is 26%. LBW babies are more prone for neonatal morbidity and mortality. 1) To assess various factors like maternal age, height, education, socioeconomic status on the birth weight of the baby. 2) To assess obstetric factors like parity, gestational age, antenatal care, anemia, hypertension on the birth weight of the newborn.Methods: A hospital bound cross sectional study done at the tertiary care centre. Study was done for a period of 2 months from 1st June to 30th July 2019 in Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital a rural medical college in Karnataka. Maternal data were collected and baby weight was recorded soon after birth on weighing scale.Results: There were 65 births during the study period. There were 13 babies weighing less than 2500 gm. Prevalence of LBW was 20%. 43.47% mothers were aged between 18 to 25 years and 7.14% were more than 25 years. 30.4% mother’s height was between 140 to 150 cm and 14.2% were more than 150 cm. Regarding maternal education, 15.3% degree, 24.1% PUC, 15% High school and 33.3% were primary school level. Regarding socioeconomic status 22.2% low, 25% lower middle, 18.7% middle class, 18.7% belonged to upper middle class. Regarding gestational age 50% were <37 weeks, 15.5% between 37-42 weeks, 10% were 42 weeks.73.8% women had normal BP, 21.5% were prehypertensive, 4.6% had PIH.Conclusions: Low birth weight is one of the important factors in infant morbidity and mortality. Maternal health was important factor in delivery of low birth babies. Maternal height, sex of baby, mode of delivery has no role in low birth weight babies.

scholarly journals MATERNAL HYPERTENSION AS A RISK FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Seixas da Cruz ◽  
Isaac Suzart ◽  
Johelle De Santana Passos-Soares ◽  
Luise Maria Souza ◽  
Ana Claudia Morais Godoy Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maternal Hypertension

Objective: to investigate the association between maternal hypertension and low birth weight, in a public hospital in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 317 individuals, such that the case group was composed of 87 mothers of children born with a weight of less than 2500 g and/or gestational age less than 37 weeks, and the control group was composed of 230 mothers of newborns of weight greater than or equal to 2500 g and gestational age greater than or equal to 37 weeks. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were applied to the data gathered. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference in maternal age between the study groups. The use of medications and number of prenatal consultations were also shown to be associated with low birth weight. After appropriate adjustments, the association between maternal hypertension and low birth weight was demonstrated to be strong and statistically significant (OR = 3.84; 95% CI: 1.92 – 7.68). Conclusions: The findings indicate that maternal hypertension is a possible risk factor for low birth weight.

scholarly journals Predictors of Low Birth Weight at Lumbini Provincial Hospital, Nepal: A Hospital-Based Unmatched Case Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saneep Shrestha ◽  
Sandeep Shrestha ◽  
Upasana Shakya Shrestha ◽  
Kamala Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background. Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as the birth weight of live born infants below 2500 g, regardless of gestational age. It is a public health problem caused by factors that are potentially modifiable. The purpose of this study was to determine the socioeconomic, obstetric, and maternal factors associated with LBW in Lumbini Provincial Hospital, Nepal. Methods. The study was conducted using case control study design with 1 : 2 case control ratio. A total of 105 cases and 210 controls were taken in this study. Data were entered on Epi data software version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 25 for analysis. Characteristics of the sample were described using mean and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis was done to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. The ultimate measure of association was odds ratio. Variables found to be associated with bivariate analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to identify predictors of LBW. Results. The mean age of the participants was 25.98 years with ±4.40 standard deviation. Mothers with literate educational background (AOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.81), housewife (AOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.11–6.20), vaginal mode of delivery (AOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25–0.82), gestational age <37 weeks (AOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.15–5.48), history of LBW (AOR 5.12, 95% CI 1.93–13.60), and maternal weight <50 kilograms (AOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.23–4.02) were significantly associated with LBW. Conclusion. Educational and occupational status, mode of delivery, gestational age, maternal weight, and history of LBW were found to be independent predictors of LBW. There is need of developing coordination with education sector for increasing educational status of mothers and adolescent girls. Social determinants of health need to be considered while developing interventional programs. Similarly, interventional programs need to be developed considering identified predictors of low birth weight.

scholarly journals Single-course antenatal corticosteroids is related to faster growth in very-low-birth-weight infant

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Jing ◽  
Yiheng Dai ◽  
Yanqi Li ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Antenatal Corticosteroids ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Growth Outcomes

Abstract Background Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) treatment is critical to support survival and lung maturation in preterm infants, however, its effect on feeding and growth is unclear. Prior preterm delivery, it remains uncertain whether ACS treatment should be continued if possible (repeated course ACS), until a certain gestational age is reached. We hypothesized that the association of single-course ACS with feeding competence and postnatal growth outcomes might be different from that of repeated course ACS in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants. Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants born at 23–37 weeks’ gestation in South China from 2011 to 2014. Data on growth, nutritional and clinical outcomes were collected. Repeated course ACS was defined in this study as two or more courses ACS (more than single-course). Infants were stratified by gestational age (GA), including GA < 28 weeks, 28 weeks ≤ GA < 32 weeks and 32 weeks ≤ GA < 37 weeks. Multiple linear regression and multilevel model were applied to analyze the association of ACS with feeding and growth outcomes. Results A total of 841 infants were recruited. The results, just in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants born at 28–32 weeks’ gestation, showed both single and repeated course of ACS regimens had shorter intubated ventilation time compared to non-ACS regimen. Single-course ACS promoted the earlier application of amino acid and enteral nutrition, and higher rate of weight increase (15.71; 95%CI 5.54–25.88) than non-ACS after adjusting for potential confounding factors. No associations of repeated course ACS with feeding, mean weight and weight increase rate were observed. Conclusions Single-course ACS was positively related to feeding and growth outcomes in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants born at 28–32 weeks’ gestation. However, the similar phenomenon was not observed in the repeated course of ACS regimen.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Associated Factors Among Enteral Fed Preterm and Low Birth Weight Neonates Admitted in Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110196
Author(s):  
Sitotaw Molla Mekonnen ◽  
Daniel Mengistu Bekele ◽  
Fikrtemariam Abebe Fenta ◽  
Addisu Dabi Wake
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains to be the most critical and frequent gastrointestinal disorder understood in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The presented study was intended to assess the prevalence of NEC and associated factors among enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates. Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates who were admitted at selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa from March 25/2020 to May 10/2020. The data were collected through neonates’ medical record chart review. A total of 350 participants were enrolled in to the study with the response rate of 99.43%. One hundred eighty-four (52.6%) of them were male. The majority 123 (35.1%) of them were (32 + 1 to 34) weeks gestational age. The prevalence of NEC was (25.4%) (n = 89, [95% CI; 21.1, 30.0]). Being ≤28 weeks gestational age (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI [2.67, 9.97]), being (28 + 1 to 32 weeks) gestational age (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI [2.21, 8.31]), birth weight of 1000 to 1499 g (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.22, 4.33]), APGAR score ≤3 (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.32, 4.16]), prolonged labor (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI [1.35, 6.38]), maternal chronic disease particularly hypertension (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.70, 5.90]), chorioamnionitis (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI [3.9, 13]), failure to breath/resuscitated (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI [1.7, 4.4]), CPAP ventilation (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI [1.50, 12.70]), mixed milk (AOR = 3.58, 95% CI [2.16, 9.32]) were factors significantly associated with NEC. Finally, the prevalence of NEC in the study area was high. So that, initiating the programs that could minimize this problem is required to avoid the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with NEC.

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