scholarly journals Immediate and Residual Haematotoxicity in Mice Exposed to Wastewater from a Cocoa Processing Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Okunola Adenrele Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Wbc Count

Abstract This study investigated the constituents and haematotoxic potential of wastewater collected from a cocoa processing industry in mice. The mice were intraperitoneally injected for 5 consecutive days with 0.3mL of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50% concentrations of the wastewater. Blood was collected from some mice on the last day of the injection to assess the immediate effect of the wastewater on selected haematological parameters while blood was collected from others 21 days after the last injection to assess its residual effect. Blood collected were analyzed using an Abacus Reflotron machine. Haematological parameters including packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), heamaglobin (HGB), lymphocytes, erythrocyte indices: Mean corpuscular heamaglobin count (MCHC), mean corpuscular heamablobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV); leucocyte differential count: Neutrophils, Monocytes, Basophils and Eosinophils were analyzed. A significant decrease in basophils, MCH, MCHC, HGB, and PCV; and a significant increase in neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, MCV, total WBC count, and lymphocytes were observed in mice exposed to the wastewater compared to the negative control after 5 days. A similar trend of the alterations of the heamatological parameters was observed in mice 21 days after exposure, even though the values were numerically lower than in the 5 days exposed mice. Results further showed the presence of Zn, Cd, As, Mg, Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr, BOD, COD, and EC at concentrations higher than allowable limit by standard organization. Cocoa industry wastewater is capable of inducing hematotoxicity, therefore, proper waste management should be followed in the disposal of such toxic waste.

scholarly journals Haematological Changes in Donors Post Apheresis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Nikhil ◽  
Subhashish Das ◽  
. Snigdha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Rbc Count

Introduction: The productivity, quality of platelet apheresis collection has improved because of the considerable advancement in the automated cell separators. Automated cell separators have lot of sizeable scientific advances, but the alertness has been centered to Platelet Concentrates (PCs) quality than on safety of donor. Aim: To find the changes in haematological parameters and the consequences of apheresis and plateletpheresis on donor’s health. Materials and Methods: It was observational cross-sectional study done in laboratory at RL Jalappa Blood Bank, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India. The study was done from March 2019 to August 2020. A total of 300 healthy donors (plateletpheresis donors) were involved in the study. The plateletpheresis (Haemonetics MCS), predonation and postdonation haematological parameters such as haemoglobin concentration, Haematocrit (Hct), platelet, white and red blood cell count were calculated in all donors. The samples for Complete Blood Count (CBC) were secured from the donors, at the beginning and end of the procedure. Postdonation haematological parameters such as platelet count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, White Blood Cells (WBC), Red Blood Cells (RBC) counts of the donor was inscribed and comparison was done with the pre donation haematological parameters. Quality control of all Single Donor Platelet (SDP) products was done. All donors were evaluated for adverse donor reactions. The mean pre and post plateletpheresis values comparison was done utilising paired t-test. Statistical analysis was accomplished utilising Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0. Results: Platelet count, haemoglobin, WBC count, RBC count and haematocrit were jotted down from 262 donors and a significant decrease was noticed in these parameters postdonation. Donor parameter platelet count (lac/mL) value was decreased from 273.57-224.28 whereas WBC count (cu/mm) predonation value decreased from 9.91-8.86 Postdonation, haemoglobin (g/dL) value decreased from 14.46-12.91, haematocrit (%) decreased slightly from 45.19-44.19, RBC count (million/mm3) decreased from 5.21-5.01. This concluded that the values decreased postdonation. Conclusion: The study conducted was safe from donor’s point of view. SDP is very effective in treatment of thrombocytopenia and is safe from recipient’s point of view.

scholarly journals Analysis of White Blood Cell Count and Its Differential Count in Gingival and Periodontal Conditions Associated with Bleeding Gingiva

2021 ◽  
pp. 911-917
Author(s):  
L. Sai Charan ◽  
Palati Sinduja ◽  
R. Priyadarshini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Wbc Count

Background: Bleeding gingiva is caused primarily due to the accumulation of plaque and calculus which eventually leads to gingivitis or periodontitis. Other causes of bleeding gingiva can be due to improper flossing, over brushing of the teeth and gingiva, hormonal changes due to pregnancy, ill-fitting dentures and any other dental appliances impinging the gingiva. The bleeding gingiva can also indicate serious health problems like leukemia, scurvy, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, vitamin k deficiency and any bleeding disorder. Persistent gingival bleeding is a sign of serious medical problems like leukemia and platelet disorders. Leukemia is a group of cancer where there is an increased number of immature or abnormal white blood cells. In this study, the WBC and their differential count is analyzed in patients with bleeding gingiva to check the possibilities for the patient to get cancer. Aim: To measure and observe the WBC count and its differentials by testing the blood from patients with bleeding gingiva. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the clinical pathology lab at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai. 100 subjects were subjected to the study. Subjects with chief complaint of bleeding gingiva, without systemic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and patients with the age of above 10 were included in the study. Results and Conclusion: This study was conducted to analyze the WBC count and differential count among the patients with bleeding gingiva. No significant correlation was found between bleeding gingiva and white blood cells & their differential count in this study.

scholarly journals Normal range of white blood cells and differential count of Sudanese in Khartoum state

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmutaz H. Taha ◽  
Mohammed Elshiekh ◽  
Abdelrahim Alborai ◽  
Elnagi Y. Hajo ◽  
Abdelmohisen Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Automated Hematology Analyzer ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Age Range

Background: The normal physiological range for white blood cells and differential count are essential for diagnosis, treatment, follow up and screening. This study aimed at establishing the reference ranges of WBCs and differential count in Sudanese people.Methods: The present study included 444 healthy adult Sudanese from both sexes with age range of 20 – 60 years. Blood samples were obtained from brachial veins and drawn in EDTA tubes. WBCs and differential count were analyzed using Sysmex KX-21 automated hematology analyzer. Full clinical examination was performed, weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated.Results: The mean WBC count was 5.1±1.5×103/ µl with a range of 3.6 ×103/µl to 6.6 ×103/µl. The mean WBCs count for males and females were 4.969×103/µl and 5.138×103/µl respectively. Neutrophils count was 2.430×103/µl (47%) and mean for lymphocyte count was 2.116×103/µl (41.1%).Conclusions: WBCs count was directly proportional to BMI. The WBCs count of Sudanese people was lower than that of Caucasians and similar to reports from other African countries.

scholarly journals In-vivo Antiplasmodial Effect of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Nitrofurantoin on Plasmodium berghei- Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Udeme O. Georgewill ◽  
Festus Azibanigha Joseph ◽  
Elias Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Nitrofurantoin (NT) used for the treatment of urinary tract infections may have antiplasmodial activity. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is an artemisinin based combination therapy used for the treatment of malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine-nitrofurantoin (DP-NT) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Adult Swiss albino mice (30-35 g) of both sexes were used. The mice were randomly grouped, inoculated with Plasmodium berghei, and treated orally with DP (1.7/13.7 mg/kg), NT (57.1 mg/kg) and DP-NT (1.71/13.7/ 57.1 mg/kg), respectively using curative, prophylactic and suppressive tests. The negative control was orally treated with normal saline (0.3 mL), while the positive control was orally treated with chloroquine CQ (10mg/kg). After treatment, blood samples were collected and evaluated for percentage parasitemia, inhibitions and hematological parameters. Liver samples were evaluated for histological changes. The mice were observed for mean survival time (MST). Treatment with DP-NT decreased parasitemia levels when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT prolonged MST when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. The decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin and increase in white blood cells in parasitized mice were significantly restored by DP-NT  when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT eradicated liver Plasmodium parasite.  NT remarkably increased the antiplasmodial activity of DP. DP-NT may be used for the treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals Trypanocidal activity of methanol extracts of the hemolymph of Sarcophaga argyrostoma larva against Trypanosoma evansi infected mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1599-1604
Author(s):  
Doaa S. Farghaly ◽  
Al-Shaimaa M. Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Trypanocidal Activity ◽  
Sarcophaga Argyrostoma

Background and Aim: Many natural products worldwide are used for medicinal purposes. Various insect-isolated compounds were investigated in pursuit of new therapeutic agents. This study aimed to compare the effects of methanol extract of hemolymph of Sarcophaga argyrostoma larvae with diminazene aceturate on some hematological and biochemical indices of mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Materials and Methods: Sixteen albino mice were randomly divided into four groups, of four mice, which received different treatments: In Group 1 (G1), mice were infected intraperitoneally with 1×104 T. evansi and received no treatment (positive control), in Group 2 (G2), infected mice were treated with 0.5 mL/kg of diminazene aceturate, in Group 3 (G3), infected mice were treated with 0.5 mL/kg methanol extract of the hemolymph of S. argyrostoma larvae, and in Group 4 (G4), uninfected mice received 0.5 ml of distilled water (negative control). In G3, treatment was started 3 days before injecting the parasite, while for the other groups, a single dose of treatment was applied when the parasite appeared in the blood. Results: Mice from G3 showed low parasitemia of 29×104/mm3 4 days post-infection until the infection completely disappeared on the 5th day, which was earlier than for other groups. The results showed that the numbers of red blood corpuscles (red blood cells [RBCs]) and white blood cells (WBCs) per unit volume were significantly different (p<0.05) between the four groups. The highest RBC (9.09×103 cell/ mm3) and WBC (14.30×103 cell/ mm3) counts were recorded in G3, whereas the lowest values of 6.60 and 4.60×103cell/ mm3, respectively, were recorded for G2. In addition, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the different groups for platelet counts per unit volume, with G3 having the most (943×103 cell/ mm3) and G2 having the least (357×103 cell/ mm3). There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the indices of biochemical activities between the extract-treated infected groups and the standard drug-treated group. Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanol extract of the hemolymph of S. argyrostoma larva exhibits trypanocidal activity, so it may be exploited as a suitable candidate for the development of trypanocidal drugs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the hemogram of Oryctolagus cuniculus envenomus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Obou Constantin Okou ◽  
N’guessan Emmanuel Assemian ◽  
Kouadio Bernard Allali ◽  
Guy Childeric Bingo ◽  
Allico Joseph Djaman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Experimental Batch ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Rabbit Blood ◽  
Hemolysis Test ◽  
Dose Dependent

The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the hemolysing action of Naja nigricollis venom on rabbit blood. To carry out this study, three batches of three rabbits were formed with two control batches and one experimental batch. Each control lot is composed of three rabbits (males or females) while the experimental lot is composed of two males and one female. Each rabbit from the control lots was separately collected in the purple tube (EDTA) and transported to the laboratory for analysis. The rabbits from the experimental batch were also collected distinctly a few minutes after the injection of the venom of Naja nigricollis for the analysis of haematological parameters. However, before the analysis of the hematological parameters of the rabbits from the control and experimental batches, an in vitro hemolysis test of Naja nigricollis venom was performed to verify its hemolysing power. The results showed that Naja nigricollis venom has a dose-dependent in vitro hemolysing power. As for the haemogram, it revealed that the venom of Naja nigricollis has a decreasing effect on blood cells (red and white blood cells), on haemoglobin and on haematocrit, and an elevation on MGVs thus promoting anaemia.

Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Haematological Parameters: Haemoglobin and White Blood Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Arpana Bhide ◽  
◽  
Narendra Hulikal ◽  
Asha Thota ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haematological Parameters

An Automated Method for Differential Blood Counting Using Microscope Color Image of Isolated WBC

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Anant R. Koppar ◽  
Venugopalachar Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Color Image ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Automated Method

Healthcare Delivery Systems are becoming overloaded in developed and developing countries. It is imperative that more efficient and cost effective processes be employed by innovative applications of technology in the delivery system. One such process in Haematology that needs attention is “Generation of report on the Differential Count of Blood”. Most rural centers in India still employ traditional, manual processes to identify and count White Blood Cells under a microscope. This traditional method of manually counting the white blood cells is prone to human error and time consuming. Medical Imaging with innovative application of algorithms can be used for recognizing and analyzing the images from blood smears to provide an efficient alternative for differential counting and reporting. In this regard, the objective of this paper is to provide a simple and pragmatic software system built on innovative yet simple imaging algorithms for achieving better efficiency and accuracy of results. The resulting work-flow process has enabled truly practical tele-pathology by enabling e-collaboration between lesser skilled technicians and more skilled experts, which cuts down the total turnaround time for differential count reporting from days to minutes. The system can be extended to detect malarial parasites in blood and also cancerous cells.

The effects of strawberry tree water leaf extract, arbutin and hydroquinone on haematological parameters and levels of primary DNA damage in white blood cells of rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Karlo Jurica ◽  
Irena Brčić Karačonji ◽  
Nevenka Kopjar ◽  
Ana Shek-Vugrovečki ◽  
Tihana Cikač ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Strawberry Tree ◽  
Primary Dna Damage

scholarly journals Platelet Activation in End-Stage Renal Disease Is Mediated By Extracellular Nucleosomes That Originate from White Blood Cells

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 4909-4909
Author(s):  
Trung Phan ◽  
McMillan Ryan ◽  
Leonidas Skiadopoulos ◽  
Amanda Walborn ◽  
Debra Hoppensteadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Esrd Patients

Abstract Introduction Extracellular nucleosomes in plasma (PNs) are complexes of DNA and histones that are released during cell death and inflammatory responses. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) represents a complex syndrome where inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hemostatic aberrations contribute to the observed vascular manifestations. The purpose of this investigation is to profile PNs in patients with ESRD and to demonstrate their relevance to blood cells and platelet activation products. Methods Pre-dialysis plasma samples from patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (n = 90) at Loyola University outpatient dialysis unit were collected under an approved IRB protocol. Plasma samples from healthy individuals (n = 50) were purchased from a biobank as a control (George King Biomedical, Overland Park, Kansas). Complete blood count profiles, including white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets were obtained from the patients' medical records. The levels of PNs in ESRD patients and healthy volunteers were measured using the Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS assay (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). MP-TF levels were measured using the Zymuphen MP-TF kit (Hyphen BioMed, Neuville-sur-Oise, France). PDGF levels were measured using the Human PDGF-BB Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota). Human PF4 levels were measured using the Zymutest PF4 ELISA Kit (Hyphen BioMed, Neuville-sur-Oise, France). All individual results were tabulated and analyzed using the statistical software GraphPad Prism 7. The Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric data was utilized in comparing ESRD to control groups. PN levels were correlated with cell counts and platelet activation factors using the non-parametric Spearman correlation. Individual cell counts were also correlated with platelet activating factors using the same method. Results In the ESRD patients, the average hematocrit was 31.7 ± 4.4 %, the average WBC count was 6.5 ± 4.0 K/uL, and the average platelet count was 179.4 ± 66.3 K/uL. The levels of PNs in the ESRD patients (15.5 ± 14.1 Arbitrary Units (AU)) were markedly higher in comparison to that of the controls (6.74 ± 13.7 AU; p < 0.0001). Similarly, MP-TF levels were significantly elevated in ESRD patients (3.00 ± 1.42 pg/mL) compared to normal (0.363 ± 0.263 pg/mL; p < 0.0001). PF4 levels were also significantly elevated in ESRD patients (95.3 ± 35.3 ng/mL) compared to normal (27.4 ± 19.8 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). While PDGF levels were higher in the ESRD group (116.0 ± 172.5 pg/mL) in comparison to the controls (82.7 ± 113.5 pg/mL), this increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.405). A positive correlation was observed between PNs and WBCs (p = 0.024; r = 0.244). PN levels did not show a correlation with RBC (p = 0.448; r = 0.083) and platelet levels (p = 0.545; r = 0.066). Furthermore, there was no correlation between PNs and MP-TF (p = 0.501; r = 0.077), PDGF (p = 0.314; r = 0.110) and PF4 (p = 0.524; r = -0.070) in the ESRD patients. However, the platelet count showed a positive correlation with PDGF (p = 0.044; r = 0.218) and MP-TF (p = 0.042; r = 0.237). Similarly, the WBC count showed a positive correlation with the platelet count (p < 0.0001; r = 0.476) and PDGF (p = 0.016; r = 0.260). Conclusion This study clearly demonstrates that extracellular nucleosomes are elevated in the plasma of patients with ESRD. The fact that the PN levels correlated with the number of circulating white blood cells suggest that the PNs originate from these cells. Since the ESRD patients exhibited platelet activation, as evident by the observed increase in PDGF, MP-TF and PF4, it is plausible that this activation is mediated by PNs originating from the WBCs. As observed by the positive correlation between WBCs, PDGF, and platelet count, this study underscores the potential role of nucleosomes originating from WBCs in the activation of platelets. These results are consistent with previously reported observations that extracellular histones can induce platelet activation in a TLR2 and TLR4 dependent manner (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21673343). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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